{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/bio-cell-parts",
 "id": "bio-cell-parts",
 "title": "Parts of a Cell",
 "category": "science",
 "subject": "Biology",
 "levels": [
  "6-8",
  "9-12"
 ],
 "description": "The organelles of cells and what each one does.",
 "tags": [
  "cells",
  "organelles"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Part",
 "backLabel": "Job",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Cell",
   "The basic unit of all living things"
  ],
  [
   "Nucleus",
   "Holds the DNA and controls the cell's activities"
  ],
  [
   "Nucleolus",
   "Inside the nucleus; makes parts of ribosomes"
  ],
  [
   "Nuclear envelope",
   "Double membrane that surrounds the nucleus"
  ],
  [
   "Cell membrane",
   "Thin outer layer that controls what enters and leaves"
  ],
  [
   "Cell wall",
   "Rigid outer layer that supports plant, fungus and bacteria cells"
  ],
  [
   "Cytoplasm",
   "Jelly-like fluid that fills the cell"
  ],
  [
   "Cytosol",
   "The liquid part of the cytoplasm"
  ],
  [
   "Mitochondrion",
   "Releases energy from food",
   "The powerhouse of the cell"
  ],
  [
   "Chloroplast",
   "Where plants make food by photosynthesis"
  ],
  [
   "Ribosome",
   "Builds proteins"
  ],
  [
   "Rough endoplasmic reticulum",
   "Folded membranes covered in ribosomes; makes proteins"
  ],
  [
   "Smooth endoplasmic reticulum",
   "Makes lipids and helps remove toxins"
  ],
  [
   "Golgi apparatus",
   "Packages and ships proteins and lipids",
   "Like the post office"
  ],
  [
   "Vacuole",
   "Storage sac for water, food and waste"
  ],
  [
   "Central vacuole",
   "Large water-filled sac in plant cells that gives support"
  ],
  [
   "Lysosome",
   "Contains enzymes that break down waste and old parts"
  ],
  [
   "Vesicle",
   "Small sac that moves materials inside the cell"
  ],
  [
   "Cytoskeleton",
   "Network of fibers that gives shape and helps movement"
  ],
  [
   "Centriole",
   "Helps organize cell division in animal cells"
  ],
  [
   "Flagellum",
   "Whip-like tail that helps a cell swim"
  ],
  [
   "Cilia",
   "Short hair-like structures that move fluid or the cell"
  ],
  [
   "Pseudopod",
   "A temporary arm-like extension, as in amoeba"
  ],
  [
   "Plasmid",
   "A small ring of DNA in bacteria"
  ],
  [
   "Chromosome",
   "A coiled package of DNA"
  ],
  [
   "Chromatin",
   "DNA and proteins in the nucleus when the cell is not dividing"
  ],
  [
   "Peroxisome",
   "Breaks down fats and harmful substances like hydrogen peroxide"
  ],
  [
   "Thylakoid",
   "Disk-like membranes in chloroplasts where light is captured"
  ],
  [
   "Stroma",
   "Fluid inside chloroplasts where sugar is built"
  ],
  [
   "Cristae",
   "Folds in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion"
  ],
  [
   "Prokaryote",
   "A cell without a nucleus, like bacteria"
  ],
  [
   "Eukaryote",
   "A cell with a nucleus and organelles"
  ],
  [
   "Do animal cells have cell walls?",
   "No"
  ],
  [
   "Do plant cells have chloroplasts?",
   "Yes"
  ],
  [
   "Do animal cells have chloroplasts?",
   "No"
  ],
  [
   "Organelle",
   "A tiny structure inside a cell with a specific job"
  ],
  [
   "Tissue",
   "A group of similar cells working together"
  ],
  [
   "Organ",
   "A group of tissues working together"
  ],
  [
   "Organ system",
   "A group of organs working together"
  ],
  [
   "Organism",
   "A whole living thing"
  ],
  [
   "Unicellular",
   "Made of just one cell"
  ],
  [
   "Multicellular",
   "Made of many cells"
  ],
  [
   "Cell theory: first idea",
   "All living things are made of one or more cells"
  ],
  [
   "Cell theory: second idea",
   "The cell is the basic unit of life"
  ],
  [
   "Cell theory: third idea",
   "All cells come from other cells"
  ],
  [
   "Who first named cells in 1665?",
   "Robert Hooke, looking at cork"
  ],
  [
   "Who first saw living microbes with a microscope?",
   "Antonie van Leeuwenhoek"
  ],
  [
   "Selectively permeable",
   "Lets some things through the membrane but not others"
  ],
  [
   "Phospholipid bilayer",
   "The double layer of fat molecules that makes up a membrane"
  ],
  [
   "Diffusion",
   "Particles moving from crowded to less crowded areas"
  ],
  [
   "Osmosis",
   "Diffusion of water across a membrane"
  ],
  [
   "Active transport",
   "Moving materials across a membrane using energy"
  ],
  [
   "Passive transport",
   "Moving materials across a membrane without energy"
  ],
  [
   "Endocytosis",
   "The cell takes material in by wrapping the membrane around it"
  ],
  [
   "Exocytosis",
   "The cell sends material out in vesicles"
  ],
  [
   "Mitosis",
   "Cell division that makes two identical cells"
  ],
  [
   "Cytokinesis",
   "The splitting of the cytoplasm at the end of cell division"
  ],
  [
   "Meiosis",
   "Cell division that makes sex cells with half the chromosomes"
  ],
  [
   "Cell cycle",
   "The life of a cell from one division to the next"
  ],
  [
   "Stem cell",
   "A cell that can become many different types of cells"
  ],
  [
   "Red blood cell",
   "Carries oxygen in blood and has no nucleus"
  ],
  [
   "White blood cell",
   "Helps the body fight germs"
  ],
  [
   "Neuron",
   "A nerve cell that carries signals"
  ],
  [
   "Guard cells",
   "Pairs of plant cells that open and close stomata"
  ]
 ]
}