Cell: The basic unit of all living things Nucleus: Holds the DNA and controls the cell's activities Nucleolus: Inside the nucleus; makes parts of ribosomes Nuclear envelope: Double membrane that surrounds the nucleus Cell membrane: Thin outer layer that controls what enters and leaves Cell wall: Rigid outer layer that supports plant, fungus and bacteria cells Cytoplasm: Jelly-like fluid that fills the cell Cytosol: The liquid part of the cytoplasm Mitochondrion: Releases energy from food Chloroplast: Where plants make food by photosynthesis Ribosome: Builds proteins Rough endoplasmic reticulum: Folded membranes covered in ribosomes; makes proteins Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: Makes lipids and helps remove toxins Golgi apparatus: Packages and ships proteins and lipids Vacuole: Storage sac for water, food and waste Central vacuole: Large water-filled sac in plant cells that gives support Lysosome: Contains enzymes that break down waste and old parts Vesicle: Small sac that moves materials inside the cell Cytoskeleton: Network of fibers that gives shape and helps movement Centriole: Helps organize cell division in animal cells Flagellum: Whip-like tail that helps a cell swim Cilia: Short hair-like structures that move fluid or the cell Pseudopod: A temporary arm-like extension, as in amoeba Plasmid: A small ring of DNA in bacteria Chromosome: A coiled package of DNA Chromatin: DNA and proteins in the nucleus when the cell is not dividing Peroxisome: Breaks down fats and harmful substances like hydrogen peroxide Thylakoid: Disk-like membranes in chloroplasts where light is captured Stroma: Fluid inside chloroplasts where sugar is built Cristae: Folds in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion Prokaryote: A cell without a nucleus, like bacteria Eukaryote: A cell with a nucleus and organelles Do animal cells have cell walls?: No Do plant cells have chloroplasts?: Yes Do animal cells have chloroplasts?: No Organelle: A tiny structure inside a cell with a specific job Tissue: A group of similar cells working together Organ: A group of tissues working together Organ system: A group of organs working together Organism: A whole living thing Unicellular: Made of just one cell Multicellular: Made of many cells Cell theory: first idea: All living things are made of one or more cells Cell theory: second idea: The cell is the basic unit of life Cell theory: third idea: All cells come from other cells Who first named cells in 1665?: Robert Hooke, looking at cork Who first saw living microbes with a microscope?: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Selectively permeable: Lets some things through the membrane but not others Phospholipid bilayer: The double layer of fat molecules that makes up a membrane Diffusion: Particles moving from crowded to less crowded areas Osmosis: Diffusion of water across a membrane Active transport: Moving materials across a membrane using energy Passive transport: Moving materials across a membrane without energy Endocytosis: The cell takes material in by wrapping the membrane around it Exocytosis: The cell sends material out in vesicles Mitosis: Cell division that makes two identical cells Cytokinesis: The splitting of the cytoplasm at the end of cell division Meiosis: Cell division that makes sex cells with half the chromosomes Cell cycle: The life of a cell from one division to the next Stem cell: A cell that can become many different types of cells Red blood cell: Carries oxygen in blood and has no nucleus White blood cell: Helps the body fight germs Neuron: A nerve cell that carries signals Guard cells: Pairs of plant cells that open and close stomata Free flashcards from Peabody at peabody.kids/flashcards/bio-cell-parts