#separator:tab #html:false #tags column:4 Taxonomy The science of naming and classifying living things bio-classification Who created the system of naming species with two names? Carl Linnaeus bio-classification Binomial nomenclature Naming each species with a two-part Latin name bio-classification Genus The first part of a scientific name, capitalized bio-classification Species The second part of a scientific name, lowercase; a group that can breed together bio-classification Scientific name of humans Homo sapiens bio-classification Scientific name of the domestic dog Canis familiaris bio-classification Scientific name of the house cat Felis catus bio-classification Taxonomic ranks from biggest to smallest Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species bio-classification Memory trick for ranks Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup bio-classification How many domains of life are there? Three: Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya bio-classification Domain Bacteria Single-celled organisms without a nucleus, common everywhere bio-classification Domain Archaea Single-celled organisms without a nucleus, often in extreme places bio-classification Domain Eukarya Organisms whose cells have a nucleus bio-classification Kingdom Animalia Multicellular organisms that eat food and can move bio-classification Kingdom Plantae Multicellular organisms that make food by photosynthesis bio-classification Kingdom Fungi Organisms that absorb food from their surroundings, like mushrooms bio-classification Kingdom Protista Mostly single-celled eukaryotes, like amoebas and algae bio-classification Phylum Chordata Animals with a backbone or notochord bio-classification Phylum Arthropoda Animals with jointed legs and an exoskeleton bio-classification Phylum Mollusca Soft-bodied animals, often with shells, like snails and clams bio-classification Phylum Annelida Segmented worms like earthworms bio-classification Phylum Cnidaria Animals with stinging cells like jellyfish and corals bio-classification Phylum Echinodermata Spiny-skinned animals like sea stars bio-classification Phylum Porifera Sponges bio-classification Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms bio-classification Class Mammalia Animals with hair that feed milk to their young bio-classification Class Aves Birds bio-classification Class Reptilia Reptiles bio-classification Class Amphibia Amphibians bio-classification Class Insecta Insects bio-classification Class Arachnida Spiders, scorpions and ticks bio-classification Vertebrate An animal with a backbone bio-classification Invertebrate An animal without a backbone bio-classification Dichotomous key A tool that identifies organisms with a series of two-choice questions bio-classification Cladogram A branching diagram showing evolutionary relationships bio-classification Phylogeny The evolutionary history of a group of organisms bio-classification Autotroph An organism that makes its own food bio-classification Heterotroph An organism that gets food from other organisms bio-classification Prokaryote A cell with no nucleus bio-classification Eukaryote A cell with a nucleus bio-classification Homologous structures Body parts with a shared origin but different jobs, like a bat wing and human arm bio-classification Analogous structures Parts with similar jobs but different origins, like bird and insect wings bio-classification Vestigial structure A body part that has lost most of its original use bio-classification Species definition A group that can breed and make fertile offspring bio-classification Hybrid example: mule Offspring of a horse and a donkey, usually sterile bio-classification Warm-blooded (endotherm) Keeps a steady body temperature using its own heat bio-classification Cold-blooded (ectotherm) Body temperature depends on the surroundings bio-classification Monotreme An egg-laying mammal, like the platypus bio-classification Marsupial A mammal whose young develop mostly in a pouch, like a kangaroo bio-classification Placental mammal A mammal whose young develop inside the mother before birth bio-classification Angiosperm A flowering plant bio-classification Mycology The study of fungi bio-classification Botany The study of plants bio-classification Zoology The study of animals bio-classification Microbiology The study of microscopic organisms bio-classification Entomology The study of insects bio-classification Ornithology The study of birds bio-classification Herpetology The study of reptiles and amphibians bio-classification Ichthyology The study of fish bio-classification Mammalogy The study of mammals bio-classification