Taxonomy: The science of naming and classifying living things Who created the system of naming species with two names?: Carl Linnaeus Binomial nomenclature: Naming each species with a two-part Latin name Genus: The first part of a scientific name, capitalized Species: The second part of a scientific name, lowercase; a group that can breed together Scientific name of humans: Homo sapiens Scientific name of the domestic dog: Canis familiaris Scientific name of the house cat: Felis catus Taxonomic ranks from biggest to smallest: Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species Memory trick for ranks: Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup How many domains of life are there?: Three: Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya Domain Bacteria: Single-celled organisms without a nucleus, common everywhere Domain Archaea: Single-celled organisms without a nucleus, often in extreme places Domain Eukarya: Organisms whose cells have a nucleus Kingdom Animalia: Multicellular organisms that eat food and can move Kingdom Plantae: Multicellular organisms that make food by photosynthesis Kingdom Fungi: Organisms that absorb food from their surroundings, like mushrooms Kingdom Protista: Mostly single-celled eukaryotes, like amoebas and algae Phylum Chordata: Animals with a backbone or notochord Phylum Arthropoda: Animals with jointed legs and an exoskeleton Phylum Mollusca: Soft-bodied animals, often with shells, like snails and clams Phylum Annelida: Segmented worms like earthworms Phylum Cnidaria: Animals with stinging cells like jellyfish and corals Phylum Echinodermata: Spiny-skinned animals like sea stars Phylum Porifera: Sponges Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flatworms Class Mammalia: Animals with hair that feed milk to their young Class Aves: Birds Class Reptilia: Reptiles Class Amphibia: Amphibians Class Insecta: Insects Class Arachnida: Spiders, scorpions and ticks Vertebrate: An animal with a backbone Invertebrate: An animal without a backbone Dichotomous key: A tool that identifies organisms with a series of two-choice questions Cladogram: A branching diagram showing evolutionary relationships Phylogeny: The evolutionary history of a group of organisms Autotroph: An organism that makes its own food Heterotroph: An organism that gets food from other organisms Prokaryote: A cell with no nucleus Eukaryote: A cell with a nucleus Homologous structures: Body parts with a shared origin but different jobs, like a bat wing and human arm Analogous structures: Parts with similar jobs but different origins, like bird and insect wings Vestigial structure: A body part that has lost most of its original use Species definition: A group that can breed and make fertile offspring Hybrid example: mule: Offspring of a horse and a donkey, usually sterile Warm-blooded (endotherm): Keeps a steady body temperature using its own heat Cold-blooded (ectotherm): Body temperature depends on the surroundings Monotreme: An egg-laying mammal, like the platypus Marsupial: A mammal whose young develop mostly in a pouch, like a kangaroo Placental mammal: A mammal whose young develop inside the mother before birth Angiosperm: A flowering plant Mycology: The study of fungi Botany: The study of plants Zoology: The study of animals Microbiology: The study of microscopic organisms Entomology: The study of insects Ornithology: The study of birds Herpetology: The study of reptiles and amphibians Ichthyology: The study of fish Mammalogy: The study of mammals Free flashcards from Peabody at peabody.kids/flashcards/bio-classification