{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/bio-ecology",
 "id": "bio-ecology",
 "title": "Ecology Vocabulary",
 "category": "science",
 "subject": "Biology",
 "levels": [
  "3-5",
  "6-8",
  "9-12"
 ],
 "description": "Ecosystems, food webs, biomes and populations.",
 "tags": [
  "ecology",
  "ecosystems"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Term",
 "backLabel": "Meaning",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Ecosystem",
   "Living things and their nonliving surroundings interacting"
  ],
  [
   "Habitat",
   "The place where an organism lives"
  ],
  [
   "Niche",
   "An organism's role and way of life in its ecosystem"
  ],
  [
   "Population",
   "All members of one species in an area"
  ],
  [
   "Community",
   "All the populations living in an area"
  ],
  [
   "Biosphere",
   "All the parts of Earth where life exists"
  ],
  [
   "Biome",
   "A large region defined by climate, plants and animals"
  ],
  [
   "Biotic factor",
   "A living part of an ecosystem"
  ],
  [
   "Abiotic factor",
   "A nonliving part, like sunlight or water"
  ],
  [
   "Producer",
   "An organism that makes its own food, like a plant"
  ],
  [
   "Consumer",
   "An organism that eats other organisms"
  ],
  [
   "Herbivore",
   "An animal that eats only plants"
  ],
  [
   "Carnivore",
   "An animal that eats only animals"
  ],
  [
   "Omnivore",
   "An animal that eats both plants and animals"
  ],
  [
   "Decomposer",
   "An organism that breaks down dead matter, like fungi"
  ],
  [
   "Scavenger",
   "An animal that eats dead animals it did not kill"
  ],
  [
   "Predator",
   "An animal that hunts other animals"
  ],
  [
   "Prey",
   "An animal that is hunted"
  ],
  [
   "Food chain",
   "A single path of energy from one organism to the next"
  ],
  [
   "Food web",
   "Many connected food chains"
  ],
  [
   "Trophic level",
   "A step in a food chain"
  ],
  [
   "Energy pyramid",
   "A diagram showing energy decreasing at each level"
  ],
  [
   "How much energy passes to the next level, roughly?",
   "About 10 percent"
  ],
  [
   "Primary consumer",
   "An herbivore that eats producers"
  ],
  [
   "Secondary consumer",
   "An animal that eats primary consumers"
  ],
  [
   "Apex predator",
   "A predator at the top of the food chain"
  ],
  [
   "Symbiosis",
   "A close relationship between two species"
  ],
  [
   "Mutualism",
   "Both species benefit"
  ],
  [
   "Commensalism",
   "One species benefits and the other is not affected"
  ],
  [
   "Parasitism",
   "One species benefits and the other is harmed"
  ],
  [
   "Competition",
   "Organisms using the same limited resources"
  ],
  [
   "Carrying capacity",
   "The most individuals an environment can support"
  ],
  [
   "Limiting factor",
   "Something that keeps a population from growing, like food"
  ],
  [
   "Succession",
   "The slow change in an ecosystem's community over time"
  ],
  [
   "Primary succession",
   "Life starting in a place with no soil, like new rock"
  ],
  [
   "Secondary succession",
   "Regrowth after a disturbance where soil remains"
  ],
  [
   "Pioneer species",
   "The first species to move into a new area"
  ],
  [
   "Keystone species",
   "A species that has a big effect on its ecosystem"
  ],
  [
   "Invasive species",
   "A non-native species that spreads and harms an ecosystem"
  ],
  [
   "Native species",
   "A species that naturally lives in an area"
  ],
  [
   "Endangered species",
   "A species at risk of dying out"
  ],
  [
   "Extinct",
   "No members of the species are left alive"
  ],
  [
   "Biodiversity",
   "The variety of life in an area"
  ],
  [
   "Tundra",
   "Cold, treeless biome with frozen ground"
  ],
  [
   "Taiga (boreal forest)",
   "Cold forest biome with evergreen trees"
  ],
  [
   "Temperate forest",
   "Forest with four seasons and deciduous trees"
  ],
  [
   "Tropical rainforest",
   "Warm, wet forest with the most species"
  ],
  [
   "Grassland",
   "Biome of grasses with few trees"
  ],
  [
   "Savanna",
   "Tropical grassland with scattered trees"
  ],
  [
   "Desert",
   "Biome that gets very little rain"
  ],
  [
   "Wetland",
   "Land covered with water for much of the year, like a marsh"
  ],
  [
   "Estuary",
   "Where a river meets the sea and fresh and salt water mix"
  ],
  [
   "Coral reef",
   "An underwater ecosystem built by coral animals"
  ],
  [
   "Nitrogen cycle",
   "How nitrogen moves between air, soil and living things"
  ],
  [
   "Carbon cycle",
   "How carbon moves between air, living things and Earth"
  ],
  [
   "Water cycle",
   "How water moves between Earth's surface and the air"
  ],
  [
   "Nitrogen fixation",
   "Bacteria turning nitrogen gas into a form plants can use"
  ],
  [
   "Hibernation",
   "A long winter sleep to save energy"
  ],
  [
   "Migration",
   "Moving from one region to another with the seasons"
  ],
  [
   "Camouflage",
   "Coloring that helps an organism blend into its surroundings"
  ],
  [
   "Mimicry",
   "When one species looks like another"
  ],
  [
   "Estivation",
   "A summer sleep to survive heat or drought"
  ],
  [
   "Overpopulation",
   "When there are too many individuals for the resources"
  ],
  [
   "Ecological footprint",
   "The amount of nature a person or group uses"
  ]
 ]
}