{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/bio-microbes",
 "id": "bio-microbes",
 "title": "Microbes and Germs",
 "category": "science",
 "subject": "Biology",
 "levels": [
  "3-5",
  "6-8",
  "9-12"
 ],
 "description": "Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protists and how the body fights germs.",
 "tags": [
  "microbes",
  "bacteria",
  "viruses"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Term",
 "backLabel": "Meaning",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Microorganism",
   "A living thing too small to see without a microscope"
  ],
  [
   "Bacteria",
   "Single-celled organisms with no nucleus; some are helpful, some cause disease"
  ],
  [
   "Virus",
   "A tiny particle that needs a host cell to reproduce"
  ],
  [
   "Is a virus alive?",
   "Scientists usually say no; it cannot reproduce on its own"
  ],
  [
   "Fungus",
   "An organism that absorbs nutrients, like mold or yeast"
  ],
  [
   "Yeast",
   "A single-celled fungus used in baking"
  ],
  [
   "Mold",
   "A fuzzy fungus that grows on food and damp places"
  ],
  [
   "Mushroom",
   "The fruiting body of some fungi"
  ],
  [
   "Protist",
   "A mostly single-celled eukaryote, like an amoeba"
  ],
  [
   "Amoeba",
   "A protist that moves with pseudopods"
  ],
  [
   "Paramecium",
   "A slipper-shaped protist covered in cilia"
  ],
  [
   "Euglena",
   "A protist that can make food and swim with a flagellum"
  ],
  [
   "Algae",
   "Simple organisms that make food from sunlight, found in water"
  ],
  [
   "Plankton",
   "Tiny organisms that drift in water"
  ],
  [
   "Phytoplankton",
   "Plant-like plankton that make food from sunlight"
  ],
  [
   "Zooplankton",
   "Animal-like plankton"
  ],
  [
   "Pathogen",
   "A germ that causes disease"
  ],
  [
   "Infection",
   "When germs enter the body and multiply"
  ],
  [
   "Antibiotic",
   "Medicine that kills bacteria"
  ],
  [
   "Do antibiotics work on viruses?",
   "No"
  ],
  [
   "Vaccine",
   "Prepares the body to fight a specific germ"
  ],
  [
   "Antibody",
   "A protein the body makes to attack a germ"
  ],
  [
   "Immunity",
   "The body's ability to resist a disease"
  ],
  [
   "Contagious",
   "Able to spread from one person to another"
  ],
  [
   "Quarantine",
   "Keeping sick people apart to stop disease from spreading"
  ],
  [
   "Sterilize",
   "Kill all microbes on an object"
  ],
  [
   "Pasteurization",
   "Heating a food to kill harmful germs"
  ],
  [
   "Who developed pasteurization and early vaccines?",
   "Louis Pasteur"
  ],
  [
   "Who discovered penicillin in 1928?",
   "Alexander Fleming"
  ],
  [
   "Who first built a smallpox vaccine in 1796?",
   "Edward Jenner"
  ],
  [
   "Germ theory",
   "The idea that microbes cause many diseases"
  ],
  [
   "Fermentation",
   "Microbes turning sugars into other substances, as in bread and yogurt"
  ],
  [
   "Probiotic",
   "Helpful bacteria that live in the gut and some foods"
  ],
  [
   "Gut bacteria",
   "Helpful microbes in the intestines that help digest food"
  ],
  [
   "Decomposers",
   "Microbes and fungi that break down dead things"
  ],
  [
   "Binary fission",
   "How bacteria reproduce by splitting in two"
  ],
  [
   "Capsid",
   "The protein coat of a virus"
  ],
  [
   "Host",
   "An organism a germ or parasite lives in or on"
  ],
  [
   "Parasite",
   "An organism that lives on or in another and harms it"
  ],
  [
   "Tapeworm",
   "A parasite that lives in intestines"
  ],
  [
   "Tick",
   "A tiny arachnid that can carry germs"
  ],
  [
   "Mosquito-borne disease: malaria",
   "Caused by a parasite spread by mosquitoes"
  ],
  [
   "Strep throat",
   "An illness caused by bacteria"
  ],
  [
   "Common cold",
   "An illness caused by viruses"
  ],
  [
   "Influenza",
   "The flu, caused by a virus"
  ],
  [
   "Athlete's foot",
   "A skin infection caused by a fungus"
  ],
  [
   "Why wash hands?",
   "Soap lifts germs off the skin so they rinse away"
  ],
  [
   "How should you cover a cough?",
   "Into your elbow or a tissue"
  ],
  [
   "Petri dish",
   "Dish used to grow microbes in labs"
  ],
  [
   "Agar",
   "Jelly-like food used to grow microbes in a dish"
  ],
  [
   "Colony",
   "A visible group of microbes grown from one cell"
  ],
  [
   "Spirillum",
   "A spiral-shaped bacterium"
  ],
  [
   "Bacillus",
   "A rod-shaped bacterium"
  ],
  [
   "Coccus",
   "A round bacterium"
  ],
  [
   "Lichen",
   "A partnership between a fungus and an alga"
  ],
  [
   "Mycorrhiza",
   "A partnership between fungus and plant roots"
  ],
  [
   "Penicillium",
   "A mold that gave us the first antibiotic"
  ],
  [
   "Flagellum on bacteria",
   "A whip-like tail used to swim"
  ],
  [
   "Spore",
   "A tough cell that survives bad conditions and can grow later"
  ],
  [
   "Endospore",
   "A hardy dormant form made by some bacteria"
  ],
  [
   "Epidemic",
   "A disease that spreads quickly in a community"
  ],
  [
   "Pandemic",
   "A disease that spreads across many countries"
  ]
 ]
}