Roots: Anchor the plant and take in water and minerals Stem: Holds the plant up and carries water and food Leaf: The main place where a plant makes food Flower: The part of a plant that makes seeds Fruit: A ripened ovary that holds seeds Seed: Holds a baby plant and food to start growing Petal: Colorful part of a flower that attracts pollinators Sepal: Green leaf-like part that protects a flower bud Stamen: Male part of a flower that makes pollen Anther: Top of the stamen that holds pollen Filament: The stalk that holds up the anther Pistil: Female part of a flower Stigma: Sticky top of the pistil that catches pollen Style: Tube that connects the stigma to the ovary Ovary: Part of the pistil that holds the ovules Ovule: Part of the ovary that becomes a seed Pollen: Tiny grains that carry male cells of plants Pollination: Moving pollen to the female part of a flower Pollinator: An animal such as a bee that moves pollen Fertilization: When male and female cells join to start a seed Germination: When a seed begins to grow Photosynthesis: Plants turn light, water and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen Chlorophyll: Green pigment that captures light Stomata: Tiny leaf openings that let gases in and out Guard cells: Cells that open and close the stomata Transpiration: Water evaporating from leaves Xylem: Tubes that carry water up from the roots Phloem: Tubes that carry sugar through the plant Taproot: One thick main root, like a carrot Fibrous roots: Many thin roots, like grass Root hairs: Tiny extensions that absorb water Cotyledon: A seed leaf that stores food in the seed Monocot: A flowering plant with one seed leaf, like corn and grass Dicot: A flowering plant with two seed leaves, like beans Angiosperm: A plant that makes flowers and fruits Gymnosperm: A plant with seeds not in fruit, like pine trees Conifer: A tree that makes cones, such as pine or spruce Deciduous: A tree that loses its leaves each fall Evergreen: A plant that keeps green leaves all year Annual: A plant that lives one growing season Biennial: A plant that lives two years Perennial: A plant that lives for many years Vascular plant: A plant with tubes for carrying water and food Nonvascular plant: A plant without such tubes, like moss Spore: A tiny cell that can grow into a new fungus or fern or moss Fern: A plant with fronds that reproduces with spores Moss: A small nonvascular plant that grows in damp places Tropism: A plant's growth response to something like light or gravity Phototropism: Growing toward light Gravitropism: Roots growing down and shoots growing up in response to gravity Dormancy: A resting period when growth slows Seed dispersal: How seeds travel away from the parent plant Bulb: An underground storage stem, like an onion or tulip Tuber: A thick underground stem, like a potato Rhizome: An underground stem that spreads sideways Cambium: A thin growing layer that makes new wood and bark Tree rings: Rings in a trunk showing one year of growth each Heartwood: The old, dense center of a tree trunk Bark: The protective outer covering of a tree Carnivorous plant: A plant that traps and digests insects, like a Venus flytrap Parasitic plant: A plant that takes food from another plant Epiphyte: A plant that grows on another plant without harming it Compost: Decayed plant matter that enriches soil Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium: The main nutrients in fertilizer What do plants release during photosynthesis?: Oxygen What do plants take in from air for photosynthesis?: Carbon dioxide Why are leaves green?: They contain chlorophyll Why do leaves change color in fall?: Chlorophyll breaks down and other colors show Sap: Fluid that moves through a plant Free flashcards from Peabody at peabody.kids/flashcards/bio-plants