{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/camping-and-survival-basics",
 "id": "camping-and-survival-basics",
 "title": "Camping and Survival Basics",
 "category": "health-life",
 "subject": "Outdoor Skills",
 "levels": [
  "3-5",
  "6-8",
  "9-12",
  "adult"
 ],
 "description": "Outdoor safety, gear, wilderness rules and what to do if you get lost.",
 "tags": [
  "camping",
  "survival",
  "outdoors",
  "hiking"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Question",
 "backLabel": "Answer",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Leave No Trace",
   "Principles for caring for the outdoors: take out what you bring in"
  ],
  [
   "Rule of 3 in survival",
   "About 3 minutes without air, 3 hours without shelter in harsh weather, 3 days without water, 3 weeks without food"
  ],
  [
   "If you get lost",
   "S.T.O.P.: Stop, Think, Observe, Plan"
  ],
  [
   "What to do when lost",
   "Stay where you are, make yourself visible and wait for help"
  ],
  [
   "Whistle signal for help",
   "Three blasts"
  ],
  [
   "Universal distress signal",
   "Three of anything: three whistles, three fires, three flashes"
  ],
  [
   "Signal mirror",
   "A mirror that flashes sunlight to get attention"
  ],
  [
   "Bright clothing",
   "Helps rescuers spot you"
  ],
  [
   "Tell someone your plan",
   "Always say where you're going and when you'll return"
  ],
  [
   "Buddy system",
   "Never hike alone"
  ],
  [
   "Ten Essentials",
   "Navigation, sun protection, insulation, light, first aid, fire, repair tools, food, water, shelter"
  ],
  [
   "Compass",
   "A tool with a needle that points to magnetic north"
  ],
  [
   "Map",
   "A drawing of the land showing trails and features"
  ],
  [
   "Topographic map",
   "A map using contour lines to show hills and valleys"
  ],
  [
   "Contour lines close together mean",
   "A steep slope"
  ],
  [
   "Blaze",
   "A painted mark on a tree showing a trail"
  ],
  [
   "Trail marker (cairn)",
   "A pile of stones that marks the path"
  ],
  [
   "Stay on the trail",
   "Protects you and the plants around it"
  ],
  [
   "Tent",
   "A fabric shelter for sleeping outdoors"
  ],
  [
   "Rainfly",
   "A waterproof cover over a tent"
  ],
  [
   "Tent stakes",
   "Pegs that hold a tent to the ground"
  ],
  [
   "Footprint (groundsheet)",
   "A tarp under the tent to protect the floor"
  ],
  [
   "Sleeping bag",
   "An insulated bag for sleeping outdoors"
  ],
  [
   "Sleeping pad",
   "A cushion that insulates you from the cold ground"
  ],
  [
   "Backpack",
   "A bag worn on the back to carry gear"
  ],
  [
   "Headlamp",
   "A flashlight worn on the head"
  ],
  [
   "Pocketknife",
   "A tool to use only with adult permission and care"
  ],
  [
   "Campsite choice",
   "Flat, dry ground, away from dead trees and flood zones"
  ],
  [
   "Widowmaker",
   "A dead branch that could fall"
  ],
  [
   "Campfire safety",
   "Use a fire ring, keep water nearby and never leave it"
  ],
  [
   "Put the fire out",
   "Drown, stir and feel it with the back of your hand until it's cold"
  ],
  [
   "Fire triangle",
   "Fire needs heat, fuel and oxygen"
  ],
  [
   "Tinder",
   "Small dry material that catches fire easily, like dry grass"
  ],
  [
   "Kindling",
   "Small sticks that burn after tinder"
  ],
  [
   "Fuel wood",
   "Larger logs that keep a fire burning"
  ],
  [
   "Fire safety distance",
   "Keep tents and gear far from the fire"
  ],
  [
   "Camp stove",
   "A small portable stove for cooking"
  ],
  [
   "Water purification",
   "Boil, filter or treat water before drinking"
  ],
  [
   "Boil water to purify",
   "Rolling boil for at least 1 minute"
  ],
  [
   "Never drink from streams without treating",
   "They can have germs, even when clear"
  ],
  [
   "Water per person per day",
   "About 2 to 3 liters while hiking"
  ],
  [
   "Hypothermia",
   "Dangerous drop in body temperature"
  ],
  [
   "Dress in layers",
   "Base layer, insulating layer, waterproof layer"
  ],
  [
   "Cotton kills",
   "Cotton stays wet and chills you in cold weather"
  ],
  [
   "Heat exhaustion",
   "Overheating from too much heat; rest and drink"
  ],
  [
   "Sunburn prevention",
   "Sunscreen, hat and long sleeves"
  ],
  [
   "Bear safety",
   "Store food away from your tent; never feed wildlife"
  ],
  [
   "Bear canister",
   "A hard container that bears cannot open"
  ],
  [
   "Food storage",
   "Hang or lock up food and scented items away from where you sleep"
  ],
  [
   "Insect repellent",
   "Spray that keeps bugs away"
  ],
  [
   "Tick check",
   "Look for ticks on your body after hiking"
  ],
  [
   "Poison ivy rhyme",
   "Leaves of three, let it be"
  ],
  [
   "Lightning in the outdoors",
   "Move to a low area away from tall trees and water"
  ],
  [
   "Flash flood",
   "Never camp in dry streambeds in storms"
  ],
  [
   "Shelter from rain in the woods",
   "Use a tarp or hang a rain jacket, stay dry"
  ],
  [
   "Lean-to",
   "A simple shelter with a slanted roof"
  ],
  [
   "Fire starter",
   "Tools like waterproof matches, lighter or ferro rod"
  ],
  [
   "Ferro rod",
   "A metal rod that throws sparks when scraped"
  ],
  [
   "Emergency blanket",
   "A thin reflective sheet that traps body heat"
  ],
  [
   "Trail mix",
   "A snack mix of nuts, seeds and dried fruit"
  ],
  [
   "Latrine rule (leave no trace)",
   "Dig a hole 6 to 8 inches deep, at least 200 feet from water"
  ],
  [
   "Pack it in, pack it out",
   "Carry your trash home with you"
  ],
  [
   "North Star (Polaris)",
   "Shows north in the night sky, found with the Big Dipper"
  ],
  [
   "Sun direction",
   "Rises in the east and sets in the west"
  ],
  [
   "Moss on trees",
   "Not a reliable way to find north"
  ],
  [
   "Orienteering",
   "A sport of navigating with map and compass"
  ],
  [
   "S.O.S.",
   "A distress signal"
  ]
 ]
}