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Leave No Trace	Principles for caring for the outdoors: take out what you bring in		camping-and-survival-basics
Rule of 3 in survival	About 3 minutes without air, 3 hours without shelter in harsh weather, 3 days without water, 3 weeks without food		camping-and-survival-basics
If you get lost	S.T.O.P.: Stop, Think, Observe, Plan		camping-and-survival-basics
What to do when lost	Stay where you are, make yourself visible and wait for help		camping-and-survival-basics
Whistle signal for help	Three blasts		camping-and-survival-basics
Universal distress signal	Three of anything: three whistles, three fires, three flashes		camping-and-survival-basics
Signal mirror	A mirror that flashes sunlight to get attention		camping-and-survival-basics
Bright clothing	Helps rescuers spot you		camping-and-survival-basics
Tell someone your plan	Always say where you're going and when you'll return		camping-and-survival-basics
Buddy system	Never hike alone		camping-and-survival-basics
Ten Essentials	Navigation, sun protection, insulation, light, first aid, fire, repair tools, food, water, shelter		camping-and-survival-basics
Compass	A tool with a needle that points to magnetic north		camping-and-survival-basics
Map	A drawing of the land showing trails and features		camping-and-survival-basics
Topographic map	A map using contour lines to show hills and valleys		camping-and-survival-basics
Contour lines close together mean	A steep slope		camping-and-survival-basics
Blaze	A painted mark on a tree showing a trail		camping-and-survival-basics
Trail marker (cairn)	A pile of stones that marks the path		camping-and-survival-basics
Stay on the trail	Protects you and the plants around it		camping-and-survival-basics
Tent	A fabric shelter for sleeping outdoors		camping-and-survival-basics
Rainfly	A waterproof cover over a tent		camping-and-survival-basics
Tent stakes	Pegs that hold a tent to the ground		camping-and-survival-basics
Footprint (groundsheet)	A tarp under the tent to protect the floor		camping-and-survival-basics
Sleeping bag	An insulated bag for sleeping outdoors		camping-and-survival-basics
Sleeping pad	A cushion that insulates you from the cold ground		camping-and-survival-basics
Backpack	A bag worn on the back to carry gear		camping-and-survival-basics
Headlamp	A flashlight worn on the head		camping-and-survival-basics
Pocketknife	A tool to use only with adult permission and care		camping-and-survival-basics
Campsite choice	Flat, dry ground, away from dead trees and flood zones		camping-and-survival-basics
Widowmaker	A dead branch that could fall		camping-and-survival-basics
Campfire safety	Use a fire ring, keep water nearby and never leave it		camping-and-survival-basics
Put the fire out	Drown, stir and feel it with the back of your hand until it's cold		camping-and-survival-basics
Fire triangle	Fire needs heat, fuel and oxygen		camping-and-survival-basics
Tinder	Small dry material that catches fire easily, like dry grass		camping-and-survival-basics
Kindling	Small sticks that burn after tinder		camping-and-survival-basics
Fuel wood	Larger logs that keep a fire burning		camping-and-survival-basics
Fire safety distance	Keep tents and gear far from the fire		camping-and-survival-basics
Camp stove	A small portable stove for cooking		camping-and-survival-basics
Water purification	Boil, filter or treat water before drinking		camping-and-survival-basics
Boil water to purify	Rolling boil for at least 1 minute		camping-and-survival-basics
Never drink from streams without treating	They can have germs, even when clear		camping-and-survival-basics
Water per person per day	About 2 to 3 liters while hiking		camping-and-survival-basics
Hypothermia	Dangerous drop in body temperature		camping-and-survival-basics
Dress in layers	Base layer, insulating layer, waterproof layer		camping-and-survival-basics
Cotton kills	Cotton stays wet and chills you in cold weather		camping-and-survival-basics
Heat exhaustion	Overheating from too much heat; rest and drink		camping-and-survival-basics
Sunburn prevention	Sunscreen, hat and long sleeves		camping-and-survival-basics
Bear safety	Store food away from your tent; never feed wildlife		camping-and-survival-basics
Bear canister	A hard container that bears cannot open		camping-and-survival-basics
Food storage	Hang or lock up food and scented items away from where you sleep		camping-and-survival-basics
Insect repellent	Spray that keeps bugs away		camping-and-survival-basics
Tick check	Look for ticks on your body after hiking		camping-and-survival-basics
Poison ivy rhyme	Leaves of three, let it be		camping-and-survival-basics
Lightning in the outdoors	Move to a low area away from tall trees and water		camping-and-survival-basics
Flash flood	Never camp in dry streambeds in storms		camping-and-survival-basics
Shelter from rain in the woods	Use a tarp or hang a rain jacket, stay dry		camping-and-survival-basics
Lean-to	A simple shelter with a slanted roof		camping-and-survival-basics
Fire starter	Tools like waterproof matches, lighter or ferro rod		camping-and-survival-basics
Ferro rod	A metal rod that throws sparks when scraped		camping-and-survival-basics
Emergency blanket	A thin reflective sheet that traps body heat		camping-and-survival-basics
Trail mix	A snack mix of nuts, seeds and dried fruit		camping-and-survival-basics
Latrine rule (leave no trace)	Dig a hole 6 to 8 inches deep, at least 200 feet from water		camping-and-survival-basics
Pack it in, pack it out	Carry your trash home with you		camping-and-survival-basics
North Star (Polaris)	Shows north in the night sky, found with the Big Dipper		camping-and-survival-basics
Sun direction	Rises in the east and sets in the west		camping-and-survival-basics
Moss on trees	Not a reliable way to find north		camping-and-survival-basics
Orienteering	A sport of navigating with map and compass		camping-and-survival-basics
S.O.S.	A distress signal		camping-and-survival-basics