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Arch	A curved structure that spans an opening		art-architecture-terms
Column	A tall round support, like a pillar		art-architecture-terms
Dome	A rounded roof like half a ball		art-architecture-terms
Vault	An arched ceiling or roof		art-architecture-terms
Buttress	A support built against a wall to strengthen it		art-architecture-terms
Flying buttress	A stone arch outside a Gothic church that braces the wall		art-architecture-terms
Facade	The front face of a building		art-architecture-terms
Foundation	The base that supports a building		art-architecture-terms
Beam	A horizontal support		art-architecture-terms
Lintel	A horizontal beam over a door or window		art-architecture-terms
Cornice	A decorative strip along the top of a wall		art-architecture-terms
Pediment	A triangle-shaped part above a doorway or columns		art-architecture-terms
Spire	A tall pointed top of a tower		art-architecture-terms
Steeple	A tall tower on a church with a spire		art-architecture-terms
Minaret	A tall slender tower of a mosque		art-architecture-terms
Pagoda	A tiered tower of East Asia		art-architecture-terms
Gargoyle	A carved stone creature that drains rain from a roof		art-architecture-terms
Atrium	A large open space inside a building, often with a glass roof		art-architecture-terms
Skyscraper	A very tall building		art-architecture-terms
Blueprint	A drawing plan of a building		art-architecture-terms
Doric column	The simplest Greek column style, plain at the top		art-architecture-terms
Ionic column	Greek column with scroll shapes at the top		art-architecture-terms
Corinthian column	Greek column with leaves at the top		art-architecture-terms
Parthenon	Greek temple on the Acropolis in Athens, finished in 432 BCE		art-architecture-terms
Colosseum	Roman amphitheater in Rome opened in 80 CE		art-architecture-terms
Pantheon	Roman temple in Rome with a huge concrete dome		art-architecture-terms
Aqueduct	A bridge-like structure that carries water		art-architecture-terms
Pyramids of Giza	Egyptian royal tombs built about 4,500 years ago		art-architecture-terms
Great Wall of China	A long defensive wall built across northern China over many centuries		art-architecture-terms
Taj Mahal	White marble tomb in Agra, India, completed in 1653		art-architecture-terms
Hagia Sophia	Great domed building in Istanbul built in 537		art-architecture-terms
Notre-Dame de Paris	Gothic cathedral in Paris started in 1163		art-architecture-terms
St. Peter's Basilica	Church in Vatican City with a dome designed with help from Michelangelo		art-architecture-terms
Eiffel Tower	Iron tower in Paris built for the 1889 World's Fair by Gustave Eiffel's company		art-architecture-terms
Big Ben	Nickname of the great bell in the clock tower at Westminster, London		art-architecture-terms
Sagrada Familia	Unfinished church in Barcelona designed by Antoni Gaudi		art-architecture-terms
Sydney Opera House	Sail-roofed arts center in Australia, opened in 1973		art-architecture-terms
Burj Khalifa	Skyscraper in Dubai, completed in 2010		art-architecture-terms
Empire State Building	New York skyscraper completed in 1931		art-architecture-terms
Chrysler Building	New York Art Deco skyscraper from 1930		art-architecture-terms
Golden Gate Bridge	Suspension bridge in San Francisco opened in 1937		art-architecture-terms
Brooklyn Bridge	Suspension bridge in New York opened in 1883		art-architecture-terms
Frank Lloyd Wright	American architect who designed Fallingwater		art-architecture-terms
Fallingwater	House built over a waterfall in Pennsylvania by Frank Lloyd Wright		art-architecture-terms
Zaha Hadid	Iraqi-British architect who designed curving modern buildings		art-architecture-terms
I. M. Pei	Architect of the glass pyramid at the Louvre		art-architecture-terms
Antoni Gaudi	Spanish architect of curvy, colorful designs		art-architecture-terms
Frank Gehry	Architect of the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao		art-architecture-terms
Christopher Wren	English architect who rebuilt St. Paul's Cathedral after the 1666 fire		art-architecture-terms
Gothic architecture	Style with pointed arches, tall windows and flying buttresses		art-architecture-terms
Romanesque architecture	Style with round arches and thick walls		art-architecture-terms
Baroque architecture	Style with grand curves, drama and decoration		art-architecture-terms
Neoclassical architecture	Style that copies ancient Greek and Roman buildings, like the US Capitol		art-architecture-terms
Art Deco architecture	Geometric, glamorous style of the 1920s and 1930s		art-architecture-terms
Modernism	Style with simple shapes and little decoration, 'less is more'		art-architecture-terms
Brutalism	Style using raw concrete in blocky forms		art-architecture-terms
Sustainable architecture	Design that saves energy and protects the environment		art-architecture-terms
Green roof	A roof covered with plants		art-architecture-terms
Mud brick (adobe)	A building material of sun-dried clay and straw		art-architecture-terms
Igloo	A dome-shaped snow house built by Inuit people		art-architecture-terms
Yurt	A round tent house used by nomads in Central Asia		art-architecture-terms
Stilt house	House raised on poles above water or ground		art-architecture-terms
Castle	A fortified building of medieval Europe		art-architecture-terms
Moat	A ditch filled with water around a castle		art-architecture-terms
Drawbridge	A bridge that can be raised to block a castle entrance		art-architecture-terms
Primary colors (paint)	Red, yellow and blue		art-color-theory
Secondary colors	Orange, green and violet		art-color-theory
Tertiary colors	Colors made by mixing a primary and a nearby secondary, like red-orange		art-color-theory
Red + yellow	Orange		art-color-theory
Yellow + blue	Green		art-color-theory
Blue + red	Violet (purple)		art-color-theory
Red + blue + yellow in equal parts	A muddy brown or gray		art-color-theory
Complementary colors	Colors opposite each other on the color wheel		art-color-theory
Complement of red	Green		art-color-theory
Complement of blue	Orange		art-color-theory
Complement of yellow	Violet		art-color-theory
Complement of orange	Blue		art-color-theory
Complement of green	Red		art-color-theory
Complement of violet	Yellow		art-color-theory
Analogous colors	Colors next to each other on the color wheel		art-color-theory
Warm colors	Reds, oranges and yellows		art-color-theory
Cool colors	Blues, greens and violets		art-color-theory
Neutral colors	Black, white, gray and brown		art-color-theory
Monochromatic	Using one hue with different tints and shades		art-color-theory
Triadic color scheme	Three colors evenly spaced on the color wheel		art-color-theory
Split complementary	A color plus the two colors on each side of its complement		art-color-theory
Tetradic scheme	Two pairs of complementary colors		art-color-theory
Hue	The name of a color		art-color-theory
Value	How light or dark a color is		art-color-theory
Saturation	How pure or intense a color is		art-color-theory
Tint	A hue plus white		art-color-theory
Shade	A hue plus black		art-color-theory
Tone	A hue plus gray		art-color-theory
Pink	A tint of red		art-color-theory
Navy	A shade of blue		art-color-theory
Color wheel	A circle showing the relationships between colors		art-color-theory
Isaac Newton and color	He used a prism in the 1660s to show white light holds all colors		art-color-theory
Rainbow order	Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet (ROY G. BIV)		art-color-theory
Primary colors (light)	Red, green and blue		art-color-theory
Secondary colors (light)	Cyan, magenta and yellow		art-color-theory
RGB	Red, green, blue; color model for screens		art-color-theory
CMYK	Cyan, magenta, yellow, key (black); color model for printing		art-color-theory
Additive color	Mixing light: adding colors makes white		art-color-theory
Subtractive color	Mixing pigments: adding colors makes darker colors		art-color-theory
All colors of light mixed	White		art-color-theory
All pigments mixed	A dark muddy color		art-color-theory
Which colors seem to come forward?	Warm, bright colors		art-color-theory
Which colors seem to recede?	Cool, dull colors		art-color-theory
Red often shows	Energy, danger, passion		art-color-theory
Blue often shows	Calm, peace, sadness		art-color-theory
Yellow often shows	Happiness, warning		art-color-theory
Green often shows	Nature, growth		art-color-theory
Purple often shows	Royalty, mystery		art-color-theory
Chroma	Another word for the purity of a color		art-color-theory
Pigment	Colored powder that gives paint its color		art-color-theory
Dye	A color that soaks into material		art-color-theory
Opaque	Does not let light through		art-color-theory
Transparent	Lets light through so you can see through it		art-color-theory
Translucent	Lets some light through		art-color-theory
Primary colors cannot be...	Made by mixing other colors		art-color-theory
Simultaneous contrast	How a color looks different next to another color		art-color-theory
Colorblindness	Difficulty telling certain colors apart, such as red and green		art-color-theory
Highlight	The lightest area of a painting		art-color-theory
To make a color darker	Add black or its complement		art-color-theory
To make a color lighter	Add white (or water in watercolor)		art-color-theory
Sienna and umber	Earth-tone brown pigments from clay		art-color-theory
Ultramarine	A deep blue pigment once made from lapis lazuli		art-color-theory
Vermilion	A bright red-orange pigment		art-color-theory
Hatching	Drawing closely spaced parallel lines to show shade		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Cross-hatching	Layers of hatching lines crossing each other for darker shade		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Stippling	Making shade or texture with tiny dots		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Blending	Smoothing colors or values together so they merge		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Shading	Adding darkness to show form and light		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Contour drawing	Drawing the outline and edges of an object		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Gesture drawing	Quick loose drawing capturing movement		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Blind contour drawing	Drawing an outline while looking only at the subject, not the paper		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Sketch	A quick, rough drawing		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Thumbnail sketch	A small quick drawing to plan a composition		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Charcoal	Soft black drawing material made from burnt wood		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Graphite	The gray material in pencils		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Pastel	Chalk-like sticks of pigment		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Conte crayon	A hard drawing stick in black, brown or red		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Pen and ink	Drawing with a pen dipped in or filled with ink		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Watercolor	Paint made of pigment and water on paper, see-through and light		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Gouache	Opaque water-based paint		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Acrylic paint	Fast-drying plastic-based paint that cleans up with water		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Oil paint	Slow-drying paint made with oil, used since the Renaissance		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Tempera	Paint made with egg yolk or similar binder		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Fresco	Painting on wet plaster		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Encaustic	Painting with colored melted wax		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Impasto	Paint applied thickly so the brushstrokes show		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Glaze	A thin see-through layer of paint over another		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Wash	A thin, watery layer of paint		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Wet-on-wet	Painting wet paint onto a wet surface so colors blend		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Wet-on-dry	Painting wet paint onto dry paper for sharper edges		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Dry brush	Using a brush with little paint to make scratchy texture		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Scumbling	Dragging dry paint lightly over another layer		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Palette	A surface for mixing paint, or an artist's chosen set of colors		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Easel	A stand that holds a canvas upright		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Canvas	Cloth stretched on a frame for painting		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Primer (gesso)	A coating that prepares a surface for painting		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Palette knife	A blade-like tool for mixing or applying paint		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Round brush	A brush with a pointed tip for lines and details		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Flat brush	A brush for broad strokes and sharp edges		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Collage	Artwork made by gluing pieces of paper and other materials together		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Assemblage	Art made from found objects put together in 3D		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Mosaic	A picture made of small pieces of tile, glass or stone		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Mixed media	Art that uses more than one material		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Printmaking	Making art by transferring ink from a surface to paper		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Woodcut	A print made from carved wood		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Linocut	A print made from carved linoleum		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Etching	A print made from lines cut into metal with acid		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Lithography	Printing from a flat stone or plate using grease and water		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Silkscreen	Pushing ink through a stencil mesh onto a surface		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Monoprint	A single print that cannot be repeated exactly		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Batik	Fabric dyeing method that uses wax to resist the dye		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Tie-dye	Dyeing cloth that has been tied to make patterns		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Pottery	Objects made of clay and baked hard		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Kiln	An oven for firing clay		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Slip	Liquid clay used to join pieces		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Score and slip	Scratching clay surfaces and adding slip to join them		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Coil pot	Pottery built from rolled ropes of clay		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Pinch pot	A pot formed by pinching clay with the fingers		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Slab construction	Making pottery from flat pieces of clay		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Wheel throwing	Shaping clay on a spinning potter's wheel		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Bisque	Clay fired once without glaze		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Glaze (clay)	A glassy coating melted onto pottery in a kiln		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Armature	A frame that supports a sculpture		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Relief sculpture	Sculpture that sticks out from a flat background		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Sculpture in the round	Sculpture that can be viewed from all sides		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Carving	Taking away material to make a sculpture		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Modeling	Building up material like clay to make a sculpture		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Casting	Pouring melted metal or plaster into a mold		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Origami	The Japanese art of paper folding		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Calligraphy	Beautiful handwriting		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Illustration	A picture that explains or decorates text		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Vanishing point	The spot on the horizon where parallel lines seem to meet		art-drawing-painting-techniques
One-point perspective	Perspective with one vanishing point on the horizon		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Two-point perspective	Perspective with two vanishing points		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Horizon line	The line where earth and sky seem to meet		art-drawing-painting-techniques
Line	A mark made by a moving point, long and thin		art-elements-and-principles
Shape	A flat, enclosed area with height and width		art-elements-and-principles
Form	A shape with three dimensions: height, width and depth		art-elements-and-principles
Color	What we see when light bounces off an object		art-elements-and-principles
Value	How light or dark a color is		art-elements-and-principles
Texture	How a surface feels or looks like it feels		art-elements-and-principles
Space	The area around, between and inside things in art		art-elements-and-principles
Positive space	The area taken up by the main subject		art-elements-and-principles
Negative space	The empty area around the subject		art-elements-and-principles
Geometric shape	A regular shape like a circle, square or triangle		art-elements-and-principles
Organic shape	A free-flowing, irregular shape like a leaf or cloud		art-elements-and-principles
Horizontal line	A line that goes side to side, feels calm		art-elements-and-principles
Vertical line	A line that goes up and down, feels tall and strong		art-elements-and-principles
Diagonal line	A slanted line, feels active and moving		art-elements-and-principles
Curved line	A line that bends, feels soft and flowing		art-elements-and-principles
Zigzag line	A line made of sharp angles, feels energetic		art-elements-and-principles
Contour line	A line that outlines the edge of a shape		art-elements-and-principles
Implied line	A line suggested by the way objects are arranged, not drawn		art-elements-and-principles
Hue	The name of a color		art-elements-and-principles
Tint	A color mixed with white		art-elements-and-principles
Shade	A color mixed with black		art-elements-and-principles
Tone	A color mixed with gray		art-elements-and-principles
Intensity (saturation)	How bright or dull a color is		art-elements-and-principles
Actual texture	Texture you can truly feel		art-elements-and-principles
Visual texture	Texture that is only drawn to look real		art-elements-and-principles
Perspective	A way to show depth on a flat surface		art-elements-and-principles
Foreground	The part of a picture closest to the viewer		art-elements-and-principles
Middle ground	The middle part of a picture		art-elements-and-principles
Background	The part of a picture farthest from the viewer		art-elements-and-principles
Overlapping	Placing one object in front of another to show depth		art-elements-and-principles
Principles of design	Ways artists organize the elements		art-elements-and-principles
Balance	How the visual weight is spread in an artwork		art-elements-and-principles
Symmetrical balance	Both sides are mirror images		art-elements-and-principles
Asymmetrical balance	Sides differ but still feel balanced		art-elements-and-principles
Radial balance	Parts spread out from a center point		art-elements-and-principles
Contrast	Differences such as light and dark that make things stand out		art-elements-and-principles
Emphasis	Making one part of the work the focus		art-elements-and-principles
Focal point	The place the eye goes first		art-elements-and-principles
Movement	How the eye is led through an artwork		art-elements-and-principles
Rhythm	Repeated elements that create a beat		art-elements-and-principles
Pattern	A repeated design of lines, shapes or colors		art-elements-and-principles
Repetition	Using an element again and again		art-elements-and-principles
Variety	Using different elements to make interest		art-elements-and-principles
Unity	When all parts of an artwork feel like they belong together		art-elements-and-principles
Harmony	Using similar elements to create calm unity		art-elements-and-principles
Proportion	How the sizes of parts relate to each other		art-elements-and-principles
Scale	The size of an object compared to others or to the viewer		art-elements-and-principles
Composition	How the parts of an artwork are arranged		art-elements-and-principles
Gradation	A gradual change in color, size or value		art-elements-and-principles
Rule of thirds	Placing key parts along lines dividing the picture into thirds		art-elements-and-principles
Medium	The material an artist uses, like watercolor or clay		art-elements-and-principles
Subject	What an artwork is about		art-elements-and-principles
Abstract art	Art that does not show things as they look in real life		art-elements-and-principles
Realism	Art that shows subjects as they really look		art-elements-and-principles
Representational art	Art showing recognizable things		art-elements-and-principles
Still life	A picture of objects that do not move		art-elements-and-principles
Landscape	A picture of outdoor scenery		art-elements-and-principles
Portrait	A picture of a person		art-elements-and-principles
Self-portrait	A picture an artist makes of themselves		art-elements-and-principles
Seascape	A picture of the sea		art-elements-and-principles
Cityscape	A picture of a city		art-elements-and-principles
Mural	A large painting made on a wall		art-elements-and-principles
Leonardo da Vinci	Italian Renaissance painter, inventor; Mona Lisa and The Last Supper (1452 to 1519)		art-famous-artists
Michelangelo	Italian sculptor and painter; David and the Sistine Chapel ceiling (1475 to 1564)		art-famous-artists
Raphael	Italian Renaissance painter of The School of Athens		art-famous-artists
Sandro Botticelli	Italian painter of The Birth of Venus		art-famous-artists
Albrecht Durer	German printmaker and painter of the Renaissance		art-famous-artists
Caravaggio	Italian Baroque painter known for dramatic light and dark		art-famous-artists
Rembrandt van Rijn	Dutch Golden Age painter famed for portraits and The Night Watch		art-famous-artists
Johannes Vermeer	Dutch painter of quiet indoor scenes, such as Girl with a Pearl Earring		art-famous-artists
Diego Velazquez	Spanish court painter of Las Meninas		art-famous-artists
Francisco Goya	Spanish painter and printmaker		art-famous-artists
J.M.W. Turner	British painter of light, sea and skies		art-famous-artists
John Constable	British painter of country landscapes like The Hay Wain		art-famous-artists
Claude Monet	French Impressionist who painted water lilies and haystacks		art-famous-artists
Pierre-Auguste Renoir	French Impressionist of joyful scenes of people		art-famous-artists
Edgar Degas	French Impressionist known for dancers		art-famous-artists
Mary Cassatt	American Impressionist known for mothers and children		art-famous-artists
Berthe Morisot	French Impressionist painter		art-famous-artists
Camille Pissarro	French Impressionist landscape painter		art-famous-artists
Vincent van Gogh	Dutch Post-Impressionist painter of The Starry Night and sunflowers (1853 to 1890)		art-famous-artists
Paul Cezanne	French painter who paved the way for Cubism		art-famous-artists
Georges Seurat	French painter who developed pointillism		art-famous-artists
Paul Gauguin	French painter who painted in Tahiti		art-famous-artists
Henri Matisse	French painter and cut-out artist, leader of Fauvism		art-famous-artists
Pablo Picasso	Spanish artist who co-founded Cubism, painted Guernica (1881 to 1973)		art-famous-artists
Georges Braque	French artist who co-founded Cubism		art-famous-artists
Salvador Dali	Spanish Surrealist famous for The Persistence of Memory		art-famous-artists
Rene Magritte	Belgian Surrealist who painted The Son of Man		art-famous-artists
Marc Chagall	Russian-French painter of dreamy colorful scenes		art-famous-artists
Wassily Kandinsky	Russian painter, pioneer of abstract art		art-famous-artists
Piet Mondrian	Dutch painter of grids in primary colors		art-famous-artists
Paul Klee	Swiss-German painter of playful, imaginative work		art-famous-artists
Edvard Munch	Norwegian painter of The Scream		art-famous-artists
Gustav Klimt	Austrian painter of The Kiss		art-famous-artists
Jackson Pollock	American painter who dripped paint onto big canvases		art-famous-artists
Mark Rothko	American painter of glowing blocks of color		art-famous-artists
Georgia O'Keeffe	American painter of flowers, bones and desert landscapes		art-famous-artists
Frida Kahlo	Mexican painter famous for self-portraits		art-famous-artists
Diego Rivera	Mexican muralist		art-famous-artists
Andy Warhol	American Pop artist known for soup cans and portraits		art-famous-artists
Roy Lichtenstein	American Pop artist inspired by comic book dots		art-famous-artists
Keith Haring	American artist with bold outlined figures		art-famous-artists
Jean-Michel Basquiat	American artist who began on New York streets		art-famous-artists
Grant Wood	American painter of American Gothic (1930)		art-famous-artists
Edward Hopper	American painter of quiet city scenes like Nighthawks		art-famous-artists
Norman Rockwell	American illustrator of everyday scenes for magazine covers		art-famous-artists
Winslow Homer	American painter of seascapes		art-famous-artists
Jacob Lawrence	African American painter of the Migration Series		art-famous-artists
Faith Ringgold	African American artist known for story quilts		art-famous-artists
Yayoi Kusama	Japanese artist known for polka dots and infinity rooms		art-famous-artists
Katsushika Hokusai	Japanese artist of The Great Wave off Kanagawa		art-famous-artists
Auguste Rodin	French sculptor of The Thinker		art-famous-artists
Alexander Calder	American sculptor who invented mobiles		art-famous-artists
Henry Moore	British sculptor of large, smooth, curved forms		art-famous-artists
Constantin Brancusi	Romanian sculptor of simple, polished forms		art-famous-artists
Alberto Giacometti	Swiss sculptor of tall, thin figures		art-famous-artists
Donatello	Italian Renaissance sculptor of the bronze David		art-famous-artists
Gian Lorenzo Bernini	Italian Baroque sculptor		art-famous-artists
Bridget Riley	British Op Art painter		art-famous-artists
Banksy	Anonymous British street artist		art-famous-artists
Dale Chihuly	American glass sculptor		art-famous-artists
Maya Lin	American artist and architect who designed the Vietnam Veterans Memorial		art-famous-artists
Beatrix Potter	English author and illustrator of Peter Rabbit		art-famous-artists
Leonardo's famous smile	The Mona Lisa		art-famous-artists
Mona Lisa	Leonardo da Vinci (Louvre Museum, Paris)		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
The Last Supper	Leonardo da Vinci (Wall painting in Milan)		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Sistine Chapel ceiling	Michelangelo (Vatican City)		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
David (marble statue)	Michelangelo (Florence, Italy)		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Pieta (Vatican)	Michelangelo		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
The Birth of Venus	Sandro Botticelli		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
The School of Athens	Raphael		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Girl with a Pearl Earring	Johannes Vermeer		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
The Night Watch	Rembrandt van Rijn		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Las Meninas	Diego Velazquez		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
The Starry Night	Vincent van Gogh (Museum of Modern Art, New York)		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Sunflowers	Vincent van Gogh		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Bedroom in Arles	Vincent van Gogh		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Impression, Sunrise	Claude Monet (Gave Impressionism its name)		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Water Lilies	Claude Monet		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Luncheon of the Boating Party	Pierre-Auguste Renoir		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
A Sunday on La Grande Jatte	Georges Seurat (Made with tiny dots)		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
The Dance Class	Edgar Degas		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
The Child's Bath	Mary Cassatt		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Guernica	Pablo Picasso (Anti-war mural from 1937)		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon	Pablo Picasso		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
The Persistence of Memory	Salvador Dali (Melting clocks)		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
The Son of Man	Rene Magritte (Man with an apple in front of his face)		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
The Scream	Edvard Munch		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
The Kiss (painting)	Gustav Klimt		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
The Great Wave off Kanagawa	Katsushika Hokusai		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
American Gothic	Grant Wood		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Nighthawks	Edward Hopper		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Campbell's Soup Cans	Andy Warhol		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Whaam!	Roy Lichtenstein		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Composition with Red, Blue and Yellow	Piet Mondrian		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Broadway Boogie Woogie	Piet Mondrian		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
The Two Fridas	Frida Kahlo		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Autumn Rhythm (Number 30)	Jackson Pollock		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
The Thinker	Auguste Rodin		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
The Kiss (sculpture)	Auguste Rodin		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Venus de Milo	An ancient Greek statue of unknown sculptor, in the Louvre		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Winged Victory of Samothrace	Ancient Greek sculpture, now in the Louvre		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Discobolus (Discus Thrower)	Myron, ancient Greek		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
The Statue of Liberty	Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, a gift from France in 1886		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Christ the Redeemer (Rio de Janeiro)	Paul Landowski and Heitor da Silva Costa, 1931		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
The Great Sphinx of Giza	Ancient Egyptians, about 4,500 years old		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Terracotta Army	Thousands of clay soldiers buried with China's first emperor		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Mount Rushmore	Gutzon Borglum began carving it in 1927		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Cloud Gate (the Bean)	Anish Kapoor, Chicago		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Birdcage and Spiral mobiles	Alexander Calder		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Bird in Space	Constantin Brancusi		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
The Garden of Earthly Delights	Hieronymus Bosch		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Wanderer above the Sea of Fog	Caspar David Friedrich		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Liberty Leading the People	Eugene Delacroix		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
The Raft of the Medusa	Theodore Gericault		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851)	Emanuel Leutze		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Migration Series	Jacob Lawrence		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Blue Nude	Henri Matisse (cut-out series)		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
The Snail	Henri Matisse		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Café Terrace at Night	Vincent van Gogh		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Red Poppies (Poppy Field)	Claude Monet		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
The Hay Wain	John Constable		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
The Fighting Temeraire	J.M.W. Turner		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Girl with a Balloon	Banksy		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Rosie the Riveter poster, We Can Do It!	J. Howard Miller, 1943		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Apollo and Daphne	Gian Lorenzo Bernini		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
The Elgin Marbles (Parthenon sculptures)	Ancient Greek, now in the British Museum		art-famous-paintings-sculptures
Renaissance	1400s to 1500s in Europe; rebirth of classical ideas, realism, perspective; Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael		art-movements
Baroque	1600s; drama, rich color, movement, strong light and dark; Caravaggio, Rembrandt		art-movements
Rococo	1700s; light, playful, decorative; Fragonard		art-movements
Neoclassicism	Late 1700s; order and clarity inspired by ancient Greece and Rome; Jacques-Louis David		art-movements
Romanticism	Early 1800s; emotion, nature and imagination; Delacroix, Turner		art-movements
Realism	Mid 1800s; everyday life shown honestly; Courbet		art-movements
Impressionism	1870s France; quick brushstrokes, light and color, outdoor scenes; Monet, Renoir		art-movements
Post-Impressionism	1880s to 1900s; personal style and emotion beyond Impressionism; Van Gogh, Cezanne, Seurat		art-movements
Pointillism	Painting with tiny dots of color; Georges Seurat		art-movements
Symbolism	Late 1800s; art of dreams, ideas and mystery		art-movements
Art Nouveau	1890s to 1910; flowing plant-like lines; Alphonse Mucha, Gustav Klimt		art-movements
Fauvism	Early 1900s; wild, bold colors; Henri Matisse		art-movements
Expressionism	Early 1900s; strong feelings through distorted forms; Edvard Munch		art-movements
Cubism	Early 1900s; objects broken into geometric shapes seen from many sides; Picasso, Braque		art-movements
Futurism	1909 Italy; speed, machines and modern life		art-movements
Dada	1916 and after; playful anti-art in response to World War I; Marcel Duchamp		art-movements
Surrealism	1920s; dreams and the unconscious; Salvador Dali, Rene Magritte		art-movements
Constructivism	Russia, 1910s to 1920s; geometric shapes used for modern purposes		art-movements
De Stijl	Dutch movement from 1917; straight lines, primary colors; Piet Mondrian		art-movements
Bauhaus	German design school founded in 1919 mixing art, craft and technology		art-movements
Art Deco	1920s to 1930s; sleek, geometric, glamorous design		art-movements
Abstract Expressionism	1940s to 1950s New York; large energetic abstract paintings; Jackson Pollock		art-movements
Color field painting	Large areas of flat color; Mark Rothko		art-movements
Pop Art	1950s to 1960s; popular culture and ads; Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein		art-movements
Op Art	1960s; optical illusions with patterns; Bridget Riley		art-movements
Minimalism	1960s; very simple forms with little detail		art-movements
Conceptual art	The idea matters more than the finished object		art-movements
Photorealism	Paintings that look like photographs		art-movements
Street art	Art made in public spaces, including murals and graffiti; Banksy, Keith Haring		art-movements
Harlem Renaissance	1920s to 1930s; flowering of African American art, music and writing; Aaron Douglas		art-movements
Mexican Muralism	1920s to 1940s; huge public murals; Diego Rivera		art-movements
Ukiyo-e	Japanese woodblock prints of the Edo period; Hokusai		art-movements
Gothic art	1100s to 1400s Europe; cathedrals, stained glass		art-movements
Byzantine art	Eastern Roman art with gold mosaics and religious icons		art-movements
Medieval illuminated manuscripts	Hand-copied books decorated with gold and bright colors		art-movements
Mannerism	Late 1500s; stretched, elegant figures; El Greco		art-movements
Hudson River School	1800s American landscape painters, including Thomas Cole		art-movements
Arts and Crafts movement	Late 1800s; handmade craft against factory goods; William Morris		art-movements
Magic Realism	Realistic style with unusual dreamlike details		art-movements
Naive art	Untrained artists' simple, bright style; Henri Rousseau		art-movements
Folk art	Art made by ordinary people in a community tradition		art-movements
Aboriginal dot painting	Australian Indigenous art using dots to tell stories of the land		art-movements
Which movement is named after a Monet painting?	Impressionism, from Impression, Sunrise (1872)		art-movements
Which movement did Picasso and Braque start?	Cubism		art-movements
Which movement did Dali belong to?	Surrealism		art-movements
Which movement did Warhol belong to?	Pop Art		art-movements
Which movement did Pollock belong to?	Abstract Expressionism		art-movements
Which movement did Monet belong to?	Impressionism		art-movements
Which movement did Mondrian belong to?	De Stijl		art-movements
Which movement did Matisse lead?	Fauvism		art-movements
Which movement did Michelangelo belong to?	Renaissance		art-movements
Which movement did Caravaggio belong to?	Baroque		art-movements
Which movement did Duchamp belong to?	Dada		art-movements
Which movement did Seurat invent a style within?	Post-Impressionism, using pointillism		art-movements
Which movement did Van Gogh belong to?	Post-Impressionism		art-movements
Plie	A bend of the knees (French: bent) (plee-AY)		dance-terms
Tendu	A stretched foot sliding along the floor (tahn-DOO)		dance-terms
Releve	A rise onto the balls of the feet or toes (reh-leh-VAY)		dance-terms
Pirouette	A full turn on one foot (peer-oo-ET)		dance-terms
Arabesque	A pose on one leg with the other extended behind (air-uh-BESK)		dance-terms
Jete	A jump from one foot to the other (zheh-TAY)		dance-terms
Grand jete	A big leap with legs split in the air		dance-terms
Chasse	A gliding step in which one foot chases the other (sha-SAY)		dance-terms
Glissade	A gliding step to travel (glee-SAHD)		dance-terms
Sauté	A jump from two feet landing on two feet (soh-TAY)		dance-terms
Port de bras	Movement of the arms		dance-terms
Battement	A beating or kicking movement of the leg		dance-terms
Rond de jambe	A circular movement of the leg		dance-terms
Fouette	A whipping turn on one leg		dance-terms
Pas de deux	A dance for two people		dance-terms
Corps de ballet	The group of dancers who perform together		dance-terms
Prima ballerina	The leading female dancer in a ballet company		dance-terms
Barre	The rail dancers hold for warm-ups		dance-terms
En pointe	Dancing on the tips of the toes in pointe shoes		dance-terms
Tutu	A short stiff skirt worn by ballet dancers		dance-terms
First position	Heels together, toes turned out		dance-terms
Fifth position	Feet crossed tightly, one in front of the other		dance-terms
Choreography	The planned steps and movements of a dance		dance-terms
Choreographer	The person who creates a dance		dance-terms
Improvisation (dance)	Dancing without planned steps		dance-terms
Ballet	Classical dance that began in Italian and French courts		dance-terms
Tap dance	Dance with metal taps on the shoes making rhythms		dance-terms
Jazz dance	Lively dance with strong rhythm and isolations		dance-terms
Modern dance	Dance style that broke from ballet rules, pioneered by Martha Graham		dance-terms
Contemporary dance	Dance mixing ballet, modern and jazz		dance-terms
Hip-hop dance	Street dance styles like popping and breaking		dance-terms
Breakdancing (breaking)	Acrobatic hip-hop dance with floor moves and spins		dance-terms
Popping	Quickly tightening muscles to jerk the body		dance-terms
Locking	Hip-hop moves with quick stops and holds		dance-terms
Flamenco	Spanish dance with stomping, clapping and guitar		dance-terms
Salsa	Latin partner dance with Cuban roots		dance-terms
Tango	Partner dance from Argentina and Uruguay		dance-terms
Waltz	Graceful dance in three-beat time		dance-terms
Foxtrot	Smooth ballroom dance with walking steps		dance-terms
Cha-cha	Latin ballroom dance with a quick cha-cha-cha step		dance-terms
Square dance	American folk dance with a caller		dance-terms
Line dance	A dance where people stand in rows doing the same steps		dance-terms
Polka	Lively dance in 2/4 time from Bohemia		dance-terms
Hula	Hawaiian dance telling stories with hands and hips		dance-terms
Bharatanatyam	Classical dance from southern India		dance-terms
Folk dance	A traditional dance of a region or people		dance-terms
Ballroom dance	Partner dances like waltz and foxtrot		dance-terms
Swing dance	Jazz-era partner dance, including the Lindy Hop		dance-terms
Lindy Hop	Swing dance from Harlem in the 1920s and 1930s		dance-terms
Irish step dance	Dance with fast footwork and still arms		dance-terms
Cartwheel	A sideways turn of the body on hands and feet		dance-terms
Isolation	Moving only one part of the body		dance-terms
Level (dance)	How high or low the dancer is: low, middle or high		dance-terms
Tempo (dance)	The speed of the dance		dance-terms
Formation	The arrangement of dancers on stage		dance-terms
Unison (dance)	Dancers doing the same movement at the same time		dance-terms
Canon (dance)	Dancers doing the same movement at different times		dance-terms
Locomotor movement	Movement that travels across space, like walking, skipping, hopping		dance-terms
Non-locomotor movement	Movement in place, like bending, twisting, stretching		dance-terms
Skip	A step-hop pattern, moving forward		dance-terms
Gallop	A step and a leap with the same foot leading		dance-terms
Leap	A jump from one foot to the other		dance-terms
Hop	Jump on one foot landing on the same foot		dance-terms
Martha Graham	American modern dance pioneer		dance-terms
Alvin Ailey	American choreographer who founded a dance theater in 1958		dance-terms
Misty Copeland	American ballerina who became principal dancer at American Ballet Theatre in 2015		dance-terms
Rudolf Nureyev	Russian ballet star, 1938 to 1993		dance-terms
Anna Pavlova	Russian ballerina famed for The Dying Swan		dance-terms
Close-up	A shot showing a face or object up close		film-terms
Extreme close-up	A shot of a very small part, like an eye		film-terms
Medium shot	A shot of a person from the waist up		film-terms
Long shot (wide shot)	A shot showing the whole person and their surroundings		film-terms
Establishing shot	A wide shot showing where a scene takes place		film-terms
Over-the-shoulder shot	A shot from behind one person looking at another		film-terms
Point-of-view (POV) shot	A shot seen through a character's eyes		film-terms
Pan	Turning the camera left or right from a fixed spot		film-terms
Tilt	Moving the camera up or down from a fixed spot		film-terms
Zoom	Changing the lens to get closer or farther		film-terms
Dolly shot	Moving the camera on a wheeled cart		film-terms
Tracking shot	The camera follows a subject as it moves		film-terms
Crane shot	A camera on a crane moving high or low		film-terms
Aerial shot	A shot from high in the air, often by drone		film-terms
High angle	The camera looks down, making subjects seem small		film-terms
Low angle	The camera looks up, making subjects seem powerful		film-terms
Eye-level shot	The camera at the actor's eye height		film-terms
Dutch angle	A tilted camera that makes a scene feel uneasy		film-terms
Frame	One single image in a film		film-terms
Frame rate	How many pictures are shown per second; film is usually 24		film-terms
Cut	A change from one shot to another		film-terms
Fade	A shot slowly changing to or from black		film-terms
Dissolve	One shot slowly blending into another		film-terms
Montage	A series of short shots joined to show time passing or ideas		film-terms
Flashback	A scene showing an earlier time		film-terms
Foreshadowing	A hint about what will happen later		film-terms
Slow motion	Action shown slower than real life		film-terms
Time-lapse	Many pictures over a long time shown quickly		film-terms
Voice-over	A narrator's voice heard over the pictures		film-terms
Soundtrack	The sound and music of a film		film-terms
Score	The music composed for a film		film-terms
Sound effects	Added sounds like footsteps or doors		film-terms
Foley	Sound effects made live by artists, matched to the action		film-terms
Dialogue (film)	Spoken words between characters		film-terms
Script (screenplay)	The written story, dialogue and action of a film		film-terms
Storyboard	A series of drawings planning each shot		film-terms
Director	The person who leads the creative work on a film		film-terms
Producer	The person who organizes money and the production		film-terms
Screenwriter	The person who writes the script		film-terms
Cinematographer	The person in charge of camera and lighting		film-terms
Editor	The person who cuts shots together		film-terms
Gaffer	The chief electrician on a film set		film-terms
Best boy	The assistant to the gaffer or key grip		film-terms
Grip	A crew member who moves and sets up equipment		film-terms
Key grip	The head of the grip crew		film-terms
Production designer	The person who plans the look of a film's sets		film-terms
Costume designer	The person who plans actors' clothing		film-terms
Stunt performer	A person trained to do dangerous action safely		film-terms
Extra	An actor in the background with no lines		film-terms
Clapperboard	A board snapped at the start of a take to match sound and picture		film-terms
Take	One try of filming a shot		film-terms
Scene (film)	A part of the story in one place and time		film-terms
Action!	What the director says to start filming		film-terms
Cut! (director's call)	What the director says to stop filming		film-terms
Wrap	The end of filming		film-terms
Special effects	Tricks made during filming, like explosions or makeup		film-terms
Visual effects (VFX)	Images added using computers after filming		film-terms
CGI	Computer-generated imagery		film-terms
Green screen	A green background replaced by another image after filming		film-terms
Animation	Making still drawings or models appear to move		film-terms
Stop motion	Photographing objects frame by frame as they are moved a little		film-terms
Trailer	A short preview of a film		film-terms
Genre	A type of film, such as comedy or adventure		film-terms
Documentary	A film about real people and events		film-terms
Premiere	The first public showing of a film		film-terms
Oscars (Academy Awards)	Annual awards for achievements in film, first given in 1929		film-terms
Silent film	A film with no recorded dialogue, popular until the late 1920s		film-terms
The Jazz Singer	1927 film often called the first feature with synchronized talking		film-terms
The Wizard of Oz (1939)	A famous early Technicolor film		film-terms
Walt Disney	Founder of an animation studio; Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs came out in 1937		film-terms
Toy Story (1995)	The first full-length computer-animated feature film		film-terms
Bass clef: bottom line (line 1)	G		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: line 2	B		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: line 3 (middle)	D		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: line 4	F		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: top line (line 5)	A		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: first space (bottom)	A		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: second space	C		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: third space	E		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: fourth space (top)	G		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: space above the top line	B		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: space below the bottom line	F		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: first ledger line above the staff	C (middle C)		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: line below the staff (first ledger line)	E		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef lines, bottom to top	G B D F A (Good Boys Do Fine Always)		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef spaces, bottom to top	A C E G (All Cows Eat Grass)		music-bass-clef-notes
Another name for the bass clef	F clef (Its two dots surround the F line)		music-bass-clef-notes
The bass clef's two dots surround which line?	The fourth line, F		music-bass-clef-notes
Which instruments commonly read bass clef?	Cello, bassoon, trombone, tuba, and the left hand of the piano		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: where is middle C?	On the first ledger line above the staff		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef is used for which pitch range?	Lower notes		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: the note A on the staff, two places	Top line and first space		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: the note G on the staff, two places	Bottom line and top space		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: the note B on the staff	Second line		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: the note C on the staff	Second space		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: the note D on the staff	Middle line		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: the note E on the staff	Third space		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: the note F on the staff	Fourth line		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: highest staff line note	A		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: lowest staff line note	G		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: highest space note	G		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: lowest space note	A		music-bass-clef-notes
Same lines, different clef: treble line 1 is E. What is bass line 1?	G		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: note between lines 1 and 2	A		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: note between lines 2 and 3	C		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: note between lines 3 and 4	E		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: note between lines 4 and 5	G		music-bass-clef-notes
What is the grand staff?	A treble staff and bass staff joined by a brace, used for piano		music-bass-clef-notes
On the grand staff, which note sits between the two staves?	Middle C		music-bass-clef-notes
Which hand usually plays the bass clef on piano?	The left hand		music-bass-clef-notes
Which hand usually plays the treble clef on piano?	The right hand		music-bass-clef-notes
What is the brace?	The curly bracket joining the two staves of the grand staff		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: note one step above A (top line)	B, in the space above the staff		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: note one step below G (bottom line)	F, in the space below the staff		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: second ledger line below the staff	C		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: two lines below the staff are...	E (first ledger line) and C (second ledger line)		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: second ledger line above the staff	E		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: the A in the first space is how many steps from the A on the top line?	Seven steps, one octave apart		music-bass-clef-notes
Bass clef: which note is the same pitch as treble clef's first ledger line below?	Middle C, written above the bass staff		music-bass-clef-notes
Which clef sign looks like a fancy backwards C with two dots?	The bass clef		music-bass-clef-notes
Which clef is also called the G clef?	The treble clef		music-bass-clef-notes
True or false: bass clef lines and treble clef lines have the same names.	False. Bass lines are G B D F A; treble lines are E G B D F		music-bass-clef-notes
The Four Seasons	Antonio Vivaldi (Baroque violin concertos)		music-composers-and-works
Brandenburg Concertos	Johann Sebastian Bach		music-composers-and-works
Toccata and Fugue in D minor	Johann Sebastian Bach (Organ work)		music-composers-and-works
Messiah	George Frideric Handel (Includes the Hallelujah chorus)		music-composers-and-works
Water Music	George Frideric Handel		music-composers-and-works
The Surprise Symphony (No. 94)	Joseph Haydn (Has a sudden loud chord)		music-composers-and-works
The Magic Flute	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (An opera)		music-composers-and-works
Eine kleine Nachtmusik	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart		music-composers-and-works
The Marriage of Figaro	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (An opera)		music-composers-and-works
Symphony No. 5 (da-da-da-DUM)	Ludwig van Beethoven		music-composers-and-works
Ode to Joy (Symphony No. 9)	Ludwig van Beethoven		music-composers-and-works
Moonlight Sonata	Ludwig van Beethoven (Piano sonata)		music-composers-and-works
Fur Elise	Ludwig van Beethoven		music-composers-and-works
Trout Quintet	Franz Schubert		music-composers-and-works
Ave Maria (famous setting)	Franz Schubert		music-composers-and-works
Hungarian Dances	Johannes Brahms		music-composers-and-works
Brahms's Lullaby	Johannes Brahms		music-composers-and-works
Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2	Franz Liszt		music-composers-and-works
Minute Waltz	Frederic Chopin (Piano)		music-composers-and-works
Nocturnes for piano	Frederic Chopin		music-composers-and-works
The Blue Danube	Johann Strauss II (Waltz)		music-composers-and-works
Carnival of the Animals	Camille Saint-Saens		music-composers-and-works
Danse Macabre	Camille Saint-Saens		music-composers-and-works
Peer Gynt Suite	Edvard Grieg (Includes In the Hall of the Mountain King)		music-composers-and-works
Symphony from the New World	Antonin Dvorak		music-composers-and-works
The Nutcracker	Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (Ballet)		music-composers-and-works
Swan Lake	Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (Ballet)		music-composers-and-works
The Sleeping Beauty	Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (Ballet)		music-composers-and-works
1812 Overture	Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (Has cannon fire)		music-composers-and-works
Pictures at an Exhibition	Modest Mussorgsky (Later orchestrated by Ravel)		music-composers-and-works
Flight of the Bumblebee	Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov		music-composers-and-works
Scheherazade	Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov		music-composers-and-works
Boléro	Maurice Ravel		music-composers-and-works
Clair de lune	Claude Debussy (Piano)		music-composers-and-works
La mer	Claude Debussy (Orchestral sea pictures)		music-composers-and-works
Gymnopedies	Erik Satie		music-composers-and-works
The Planets	Gustav Holst		music-composers-and-works
The Rite of Spring	Igor Stravinsky (Ballet)		music-composers-and-works
The Firebird	Igor Stravinsky (Ballet)		music-composers-and-works
Peter and the Wolf	Sergei Prokofiev (Instruments tell a story)		music-composers-and-works
Romeo and Juliet ballet	Sergei Prokofiev		music-composers-and-works
Rhapsody in Blue	George Gershwin		music-composers-and-works
An American in Paris	George Gershwin		music-composers-and-works
Appalachian Spring	Aaron Copland (Ballet)		music-composers-and-works
Fanfare for the Common Man	Aaron Copland		music-composers-and-works
Stars and Stripes Forever	John Philip Sousa (March)		music-composers-and-works
Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra	Benjamin Britten		music-composers-and-works
West Side Story music	Leonard Bernstein		music-composers-and-works
Star Wars theme	John Williams		music-composers-and-works
Carmen	Georges Bizet (Opera)		music-composers-and-works
La Traviata	Giuseppe Verdi (Opera)		music-composers-and-works
Aida	Giuseppe Verdi (Opera)		music-composers-and-works
The Barber of Seville	Gioachino Rossini (Opera)		music-composers-and-works
William Tell Overture	Gioachino Rossini		music-composers-and-works
La Boheme	Giacomo Puccini (Opera)		music-composers-and-works
The Ring Cycle	Richard Wagner (Four operas)		music-composers-and-works
Ride of the Valkyries	Richard Wagner		music-composers-and-works
Also sprach Zarathustra	Richard Strauss (Used in 2001: A Space Odyssey)		music-composers-and-works
Finlandia	Jean Sibelius		music-composers-and-works
The Sorcerer's Apprentice	Paul Dukas		music-composers-and-works
Canon in D	Johann Pachelbel		music-composers-and-works
Ballet Rodeo	Aaron Copland		music-composers-and-works
Slavonic Dances	Antonin Dvorak		music-composers-and-works
Pomp and Circumstance March No. 1	Edward Elgar		music-composers-and-works
Lullaby (Wiegenlied)	Johannes Brahms		music-composers-and-works
Prelude in C major (Well-Tempered Clavier)	Johann Sebastian Bach		music-composers-and-works
Bolero was written by this French composer	Maurice Ravel		music-composers-and-works
Rodeo's Hoe-Down is by this American	Aaron Copland		music-composers-and-works
Oh Fortuna (Carmina Burana)	Carl Orff		music-composers-and-works
Piano (p)	Soft		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Pianissimo (pp)	Very soft		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Pianississimo (ppp)	As soft as possible		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Mezzo piano (mp)	Medium soft		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Mezzo forte (mf)	Medium loud		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Forte (f)	Loud		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Fortissimo (ff)	Very loud		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Fortississimo (fff)	As loud as possible		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Sforzando (sfz)	A sudden strong accent		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Crescendo	Gradually getting louder		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Decrescendo	Gradually getting softer		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Diminuendo	Gradually getting softer		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Subito	Suddenly		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Fortepiano (fp)	Loud then immediately soft		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Largo	Very slow and broad		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Lento	Slow		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Adagio	Slow and at ease		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Andante	At a walking pace		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Moderato	At a moderate speed		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Allegretto	Fairly fast, a little slower than allegro		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Allegro	Fast and lively		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Vivace	Lively and fast		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Presto	Very fast		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Prestissimo	As fast as possible		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Accelerando	Gradually getting faster		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Ritardando (rit.)	Gradually getting slower		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Rallentando	Gradually slowing down		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Ritenuto	Immediately slower		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
A tempo	Return to the original speed		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Rubato	Flexible tempo, speeding up and slowing down expressively		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Tempo primo	Return to the first tempo		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Legato	Smooth and connected		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Staccato	Short and detached		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Marcato	Marked, with emphasis		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Tenuto	Held for its full value		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Pizzicato	Plucked with the finger on a string instrument		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Arco	Played with the bow		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Cantabile	In a singing style		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Dolce	Sweetly		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Espressivo	With expression		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Maestoso	Majestically		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Grazioso	Gracefully		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Giocoso	Playfully		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Scherzando	Playfully, jokingly		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Agitato	Agitated, restless		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Con brio	With spirit		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Con fuoco	With fire		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Sostenuto	Sustained		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Poco	A little		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Molto	Very, much		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Meno	Less		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Più	More		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Poco a poco	Little by little		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Sempre	Always		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Assai	Very		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Non troppo	Not too much		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Tutti	All performers together		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Solo	One performer alone		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Da capo (D.C.)	Go back to the beginning		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Dal segno (D.S.)	Go back to the sign		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Fine	The end		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Coda	An ending section		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Tacet	Be silent		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Mezzo	Half or medium		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Alla breve	Cut time, two beats in a measure		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Metronome	A device that clicks a steady beat		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
BPM	Beats per minute		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Con sordino	With a mute		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Senza	Without		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Morendo	Dying away		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Calando	Growing softer and slower		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Animato	Animated, with life		music-dynamics-tempo-italian
Medieval period dates (music)	About 500 to 1400		music-history-eras
Renaissance period dates (music)	About 1400 to 1600		music-history-eras
Baroque period dates (music)	About 1600 to 1750		music-history-eras
Classical period dates (music)	About 1750 to 1820		music-history-eras
Romantic period dates (music)	About 1820 to 1900		music-history-eras
20th-century period (music)	About 1900 to 2000, with many new styles		music-history-eras
Gregorian chant	Unaccompanied sacred song with a single melody, from the Medieval era		music-history-eras
Monophony	One melodic line with no accompaniment		music-history-eras
Polyphony	Several independent melodies at once		music-history-eras
Homophony	A main melody with chordal accompaniment		music-history-eras
Hildegard of Bingen	Medieval composer and abbess, 1098 to 1179		music-history-eras
Guido of Arezzo	Medieval monk who helped develop staff notation and do-re-mi		music-history-eras
Madrigal	Renaissance song for several voices, often about love or nature		music-history-eras
Palestrina	Renaissance Italian master of church choral music		music-history-eras
Josquin des Prez	Renaissance composer from the Franco-Flemish region		music-history-eras
William Byrd	English Renaissance composer		music-history-eras
Printing press and music	Made printed sheet music possible in the Renaissance		music-history-eras
Characteristics of Baroque music	Ornamentation, strong bass line, terraced dynamics, counterpoint		music-history-eras
Basso continuo	A bass line with chords, played by harpsichord and cello in Baroque music		music-history-eras
Fugue	A piece where a theme enters one voice at a time and is imitated		music-history-eras
Counterpoint	The art of combining independent melodies		music-history-eras
Opera	A drama sung with orchestra, first developed around 1600		music-history-eras
Oratorio	A large choral work with soloists and orchestra, without staging		music-history-eras
Concerto	A work for a solo instrument and orchestra		music-history-eras
Johann Sebastian Bach	Baroque German master, 1685 to 1750		music-history-eras
George Frideric Handel	Baroque composer born in Germany, worked in England, 1685 to 1759		music-history-eras
Antonio Vivaldi	Baroque Venetian composer, 1678 to 1741		music-history-eras
Characteristics of Classical music	Balance, clarity, simple melodies, clear forms		music-history-eras
Sonata form	A structure with exposition, development and recapitulation		music-history-eras
Symphony	A large orchestral work usually in four movements		music-history-eras
String quartet	A piece for two violins, viola and cello		music-history-eras
Joseph Haydn	Classical composer, called the father of the symphony, 1732 to 1809		music-history-eras
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart	Classical composer, 1756 to 1791, born in Salzburg		music-history-eras
Ludwig van Beethoven	Bridge between Classical and Romantic, 1770 to 1827		music-history-eras
Characteristics of Romantic music	Strong emotion, big orchestras, program music, nationalism		music-history-eras
Program music	Instrumental music that tells a story or paints a picture		music-history-eras
Nationalism in music	Using folk songs and traditions of a composer's homeland		music-history-eras
Frederic Chopin	Romantic Polish pianist and composer, 1810 to 1849		music-history-eras
Franz Schubert	Romantic composer famous for hundreds of art songs		music-history-eras
Pyotr Tchaikovsky	Romantic Russian composer, 1840 to 1893		music-history-eras
Johannes Brahms	Romantic German composer, 1833 to 1897		music-history-eras
Impressionism in music	Music of mood and color using unusual scales, led by Debussy		music-history-eras
Claude Debussy	French composer linked with Impressionism		music-history-eras
Atonal music	Music not centered on a key		music-history-eras
Arnold Schoenberg	Composer who developed twelve-tone music		music-history-eras
Minimalism	Music built from simple patterns repeated and slowly changed		music-history-eras
Philip Glass	American minimalist composer		music-history-eras
Neoclassicism	20th-century return to Classical balance and form		music-history-eras
Igor Stravinsky	Russian-born composer of The Rite of Spring, 1882 to 1971		music-history-eras
Aaron Copland	American composer who used folk tunes, 1900 to 1990		music-history-eras
Electronic music	Music created using synthesizers and electronic sound		music-history-eras
Musique concrete	Music assembled from recorded real-world sounds		music-history-eras
John Cage	American composer known for 4'33" of silence		music-history-eras
Clara Schumann	Romantic pianist and composer, 1819 to 1896		music-history-eras
Fanny Mendelssohn	Romantic German composer and pianist, 1805 to 1847		music-history-eras
Florence Price	American composer, first Black woman to have a symphony played by a major orchestra, 1933		music-history-eras
Harpsichord vs piano	Harpsichord plucks strings; piano hammers strike them and can play soft or loud		music-history-eras
Pianoforte	The original name of the piano, meaning soft-loud		music-history-eras
Absolute music	Music with no story or picture, enjoyed for its own sake		music-history-eras
Era known for virtuoso performers like Liszt and Paganini	Romantic		music-history-eras
Era in which the orchestra grew and the piano became popular in homes	Romantic		music-history-eras
Era when the harpsichord and organ were common keyboard instruments	Baroque		music-history-eras
Violin	Strings (The smallest and highest of the bowed strings)		music-instrument-families
Viola	Strings		music-instrument-families
Cello	Strings		music-instrument-families
Double bass	Strings (The largest and lowest string instrument)		music-instrument-families
Harp	Strings (Plucked, with 47 strings on a concert harp)		music-instrument-families
Guitar	Strings (plucked)		music-instrument-families
Banjo	Strings (plucked)		music-instrument-families
Ukulele	Strings (plucked)		music-instrument-families
Mandolin	Strings (plucked)		music-instrument-families
Flute	Woodwind		music-instrument-families
Piccolo	Woodwind (A small flute that sounds higher)		music-instrument-families
Oboe	Woodwind (double reed)		music-instrument-families
English horn	Woodwind (double reed) (Neither English nor a horn)		music-instrument-families
Clarinet	Woodwind (single reed)		music-instrument-families
Bassoon	Woodwind (double reed)		music-instrument-families
Contrabassoon	Woodwind (double reed) (Lowest orchestral woodwind)		music-instrument-families
Saxophone	Woodwind (single reed) (Made of brass but played with a reed)		music-instrument-families
Recorder	Woodwind (fipple flute)		music-instrument-families
Trumpet	Brass		music-instrument-families
Trombone	Brass (Uses a slide)		music-instrument-families
French horn	Brass		music-instrument-families
Tuba	Brass (The lowest brass instrument)		music-instrument-families
Cornet	Brass		music-instrument-families
Euphonium	Brass		music-instrument-families
Bugle	Brass		music-instrument-families
Snare drum	Percussion		music-instrument-families
Bass drum	Percussion		music-instrument-families
Timpani	Percussion (Kettle drums that can be tuned)		music-instrument-families
Cymbals	Percussion		music-instrument-families
Triangle	Percussion		music-instrument-families
Tambourine	Percussion		music-instrument-families
Xylophone	Percussion (tuned wooden bars)		music-instrument-families
Marimba	Percussion (tuned wooden bars)		music-instrument-families
Glockenspiel	Percussion (tuned metal bars)		music-instrument-families
Vibraphone	Percussion (tuned metal bars with motors)		music-instrument-families
Maracas	Percussion		music-instrument-families
Castanets	Percussion		music-instrument-families
Gong	Percussion		music-instrument-families
Tubular bells	Percussion		music-instrument-families
Piano	Keyboard (struck strings) (Sometimes counted with percussion)		music-instrument-families
Organ	Keyboard (pipes or electronic)		music-instrument-families
Harpsichord	Keyboard (plucked strings)		music-instrument-families
Celesta	Keyboard (hammers hit metal plates)		music-instrument-families
Synthesizer	Electronic keyboard		music-instrument-families
Which family makes sound by bowing, plucking or strumming strings?	Strings		music-instrument-families
Which family makes sound by blowing across or into a reed or opening?	Woodwinds		music-instrument-families
Which family makes sound by buzzing lips into a mouthpiece?	Brass		music-instrument-families
Which family makes sound by striking, shaking or scraping?	Percussion		music-instrument-families
How many instrument families are in a standard orchestra?	Four: strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion		music-instrument-families
Which string instrument is played while standing and is the biggest?	Double bass		music-instrument-families
Which brass instrument has a slide?	Trombone		music-instrument-families
Which woodwind has no reed?	Flute		music-instrument-families
What makes a woodwind's sound?	Air vibrating across an edge or reed		music-instrument-families
Bagpipes	Woodwind (reed pipes with an air bag)		music-instrument-families
Harmonica	Free reed instrument		music-instrument-families
Accordion	Free reed instrument with bellows		music-instrument-families
Didgeridoo	Wind instrument from Aboriginal Australia		music-instrument-families
Sitar	Plucked string instrument from India		music-instrument-families
Steel drum	Percussion from Trinidad and Tobago		music-instrument-families
Koto	Plucked string instrument from Japan		music-instrument-families
Djembe	Hand drum from West Africa		music-instrument-families
Bongos	Pair of small hand drums		music-instrument-families
Pan flute	Wind instrument made of tubes of different lengths		music-instrument-families
Interval	The distance between two pitches		music-intervals-chords-scales
Half step	The smallest distance on a piano, one key to the very next key		music-intervals-chords-scales
Whole step	Two half steps		music-intervals-chords-scales
Unison (perfect 1st)	Two notes on the same pitch		music-intervals-chords-scales
Major 2nd	Two half steps (C up to D)		music-intervals-chords-scales
Major 3rd	Four half steps (C up to E)		music-intervals-chords-scales
Minor 3rd	Three half steps (C up to Eb)		music-intervals-chords-scales
Perfect 4th	Five half steps (C up to F)		music-intervals-chords-scales
Tritone (augmented 4th)	Six half steps (C up to F#)		music-intervals-chords-scales
Perfect 5th	Seven half steps (C up to G)		music-intervals-chords-scales
Minor 6th	Eight half steps (C up to Ab)		music-intervals-chords-scales
Major 6th	Nine half steps (C up to A)		music-intervals-chords-scales
Minor 7th	Ten half steps (C up to Bb)		music-intervals-chords-scales
Major 7th	Eleven half steps (C up to B)		music-intervals-chords-scales
Perfect octave	Twelve half steps, same note name at a higher pitch		music-intervals-chords-scales
Minor 2nd	One half step (C up to Db)		music-intervals-chords-scales
Consonance	Intervals that sound stable and pleasant		music-intervals-chords-scales
Dissonance	Intervals that sound tense and want to resolve		music-intervals-chords-scales
Major scale pattern	W W H W W W H (Whole and half steps)		music-intervals-chords-scales
Natural minor scale pattern	W H W W H W W		music-intervals-chords-scales
Harmonic minor scale	Natural minor with a raised 7th		music-intervals-chords-scales
Melodic minor scale (ascending)	Natural minor with raised 6th and 7th		music-intervals-chords-scales
Chromatic scale	All twelve half steps in an octave		music-intervals-chords-scales
Pentatonic scale	A five-note scale		music-intervals-chords-scales
Whole tone scale	A six-note scale made only of whole steps		music-intervals-chords-scales
Blues scale	A minor pentatonic scale with an added flat fifth		music-intervals-chords-scales
Scale degree 1	Tonic		music-intervals-chords-scales
Scale degree 2	Supertonic		music-intervals-chords-scales
Scale degree 3	Mediant		music-intervals-chords-scales
Scale degree 4	Subdominant		music-intervals-chords-scales
Scale degree 5	Dominant		music-intervals-chords-scales
Scale degree 6	Submediant		music-intervals-chords-scales
Scale degree 7	Leading tone		music-intervals-chords-scales
Octave	Interval where the higher note vibrates at twice the frequency		music-intervals-chords-scales
Chord	Three or more notes sounded together		music-intervals-chords-scales
Triad	A three-note chord built from stacked thirds		music-intervals-chords-scales
Root	The note a chord is named for and built on		music-intervals-chords-scales
Major triad	Root, major third, perfect fifth (C E G)		music-intervals-chords-scales
Minor triad	Root, minor third, perfect fifth (C Eb G)		music-intervals-chords-scales
Diminished triad	Root, minor third, diminished fifth (C Eb Gb)		music-intervals-chords-scales
Augmented triad	Root, major third, augmented fifth (C E G#)		music-intervals-chords-scales
Dominant seventh chord	A major triad plus a minor seventh (G B D F)		music-intervals-chords-scales
Major seventh chord	A major triad plus a major seventh (C E G B)		music-intervals-chords-scales
Minor seventh chord	A minor triad plus a minor seventh (C Eb G Bb)		music-intervals-chords-scales
Suspended 4th (sus4)	Chord with the third replaced by the fourth (C F G)		music-intervals-chords-scales
First inversion	A chord with its third in the bass		music-intervals-chords-scales
Second inversion	A chord with its fifth in the bass		music-intervals-chords-scales
Root position	A chord with its root in the bass		music-intervals-chords-scales
Arpeggio	The notes of a chord played one after another		music-intervals-chords-scales
Chord progression	A series of chords played in order		music-intervals-chords-scales
I chord	Tonic chord, built on the first scale degree		music-intervals-chords-scales
V chord	Dominant chord, built on the fifth scale degree		music-intervals-chords-scales
IV chord	Subdominant chord, built on the fourth scale degree		music-intervals-chords-scales
I-IV-V	A very common progression of chords in rock, folk and blues		music-intervals-chords-scales
Twelve-bar blues	A 12-measure chord pattern built on I, IV and V		music-intervals-chords-scales
Cadence	A chord pair that ends a musical phrase		music-intervals-chords-scales
Authentic cadence	V chord to I chord		music-intervals-chords-scales
Plagal cadence	IV chord to I chord (The Amen cadence)		music-intervals-chords-scales
C major triad notes	C E G		music-intervals-chords-scales
G major triad notes	G B D		music-intervals-chords-scales
F major triad notes	F A C		music-intervals-chords-scales
A minor triad notes	A C E		music-intervals-chords-scales
D minor triad notes	D F A		music-intervals-chords-scales
C major scale notes	C D E F G A B C		music-intervals-chords-scales
G major scale notes	G A B C D E F# G		music-intervals-chords-scales
F major scale notes	F G A Bb C D E F		music-intervals-chords-scales
Where did jazz begin?	New Orleans, Louisiana, in the early 1900s		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Improvisation	Making up music on the spot, a heart of jazz		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Swing	A jazz style with a bouncy rhythm, popular in the 1930s and 1940s		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Bebop	Fast, complex jazz of the 1940s		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Cool jazz	A calmer, smoother jazz style of the 1950s		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Louis Armstrong	Trumpeter and singer from New Orleans, a jazz pioneer		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Duke Ellington	Pianist and bandleader who wrote Take the A Train		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Ella Fitzgerald	Singer known as the First Lady of Song, famed for scat singing		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Scat singing	Singing nonsense syllables as an instrument		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Miles Davis	Trumpeter who recorded Kind of Blue in 1959		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
John Coltrane	Saxophonist who recorded A Love Supreme		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Dizzy Gillespie	Trumpeter with a bent horn who helped create bebop		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Charlie Parker	Saxophonist nicknamed Bird, a founder of bebop		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Thelonious Monk	Jazz pianist and composer known for unusual rhythm and harmony		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Count Basie	Pianist and bandleader of a famous swing orchestra		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Billie Holiday	Jazz singer nicknamed Lady Day		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Dave Brubeck	Pianist known for Take Five in 5/4 time		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Blues	A style rooted in African American communities of the Deep South, often 12 bars		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Delta blues	Early blues from the Mississippi Delta region		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
B.B. King	Blues guitarist who named his guitar Lucille		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Muddy Waters	Chicago blues pioneer		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Gospel music	Religious songs with powerful singing and a strong beat		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Ragtime	Syncopated piano style of the 1890s and early 1900s, led by Scott Joplin		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Scott Joplin	Composer of The Entertainer and Maple Leaf Rag		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Country music	Style from the American South with stories, guitar and fiddle; Nashville is a hub		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Grand Ole Opry	Famous country music radio show in Nashville		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Johnny Cash	Country singer called the Man in Black		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Dolly Parton	Country singer and songwriter who wrote I Will Always Love You		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Rock and roll	Style born in the 1950s from blues, country and gospel		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Elvis Presley	Rock and roll star from Memphis nicknamed the King		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Chuck Berry	Rock and roll guitarist famous for Johnny B. Goode and duck walk		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Little Richard	Rock and roll pianist and singer of Tutti Frutti		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Buddy Holly	Rock and roll singer-songwriter from Lubbock, Texas		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
The Beatles	British band from Liverpool: John, Paul, George and Ringo		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
The Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show	1964, watched by about 73 million Americans		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
The Rolling Stones	British rock band formed in London in 1962		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Motown	Detroit record label founded in 1959 by Berry Gordy		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Stevie Wonder	Motown singer and musician who started recording as a child		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Aretha Franklin	Soul singer called the Queen of Soul		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
James Brown	Soul performer called the Godfather of Soul and a pioneer of funk		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Folk revival	1960s movement of acoustic songs about life and justice		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Bob Dylan	Folk and rock songwriter who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2016		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Woodstock	1969 music festival in New York with about 400,000 people		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Jimi Hendrix	Electric guitar legend who played Woodstock in 1969		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Led Zeppelin	British hard rock band formed in 1968		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Pink Floyd	British band known for the album The Dark Side of the Moon		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Queen	British band led by Freddie Mercury, singers of Bohemian Rhapsody		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Disco	Dance music of the 1970s		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Punk rock	Fast, short, raw rock from the mid-1970s		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Hip-hop	Culture born in the Bronx, New York, in the 1970s: rapping, DJing, breakdancing, graffiti		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
DJ Kool Herc	Early hip-hop pioneer who hosted Bronx parties in 1973		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
MTV	Music video channel launched in 1981		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Michael Jackson	Pop star whose album Thriller was released in 1982		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Madonna	Pop singer who rose to fame in the 1980s		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Whitney Houston	Pop and R&B singer of the 1980s and 90s		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Prince	Minneapolis musician known for Purple Rain		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Grunge	1990s rock style from Seattle, including Nirvana		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Nirvana	Seattle grunge band formed in 1987		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Napster	Music file-sharing service launched in 1999		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
iTunes Store	Apple's music store opened in 2003		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Streaming	Playing music over the internet without owning the files		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Electric guitar	Guitar using pickups and an amplifier, key to rock music		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Synthesizer	Electronic instrument that makes sounds with circuits, popular from the 1970s		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Taylor Swift	Pop and country singer-songwriter from Pennsylvania who released her first album in 2006		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Reggae	Jamaican style with offbeat rhythm, made famous by Bob Marley		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Bob Marley	Jamaican reggae star		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
K-pop	Pop music from South Korea		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Latin pop	Pop with Spanish language and Latin rhythms		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
Salsa	Latin dance music with roots in Cuba and Puerto Rico		music-jazz-rock-pop-history
C major	No sharps or flats		music-key-signatures
G major	1 sharp: F#		music-key-signatures
D major	2 sharps: F#, C#		music-key-signatures
A major	3 sharps: F#, C#, G#		music-key-signatures
E major	4 sharps: F#, C#, G#, D#		music-key-signatures
B major	5 sharps: F#, C#, G#, D#, A#		music-key-signatures
F# major	6 sharps: F#, C#, G#, D#, A#, E#		music-key-signatures
C# major	7 sharps		music-key-signatures
F major	1 flat: Bb		music-key-signatures
Bb major	2 flats: Bb, Eb		music-key-signatures
Eb major	3 flats: Bb, Eb, Ab		music-key-signatures
Ab major	4 flats: Bb, Eb, Ab, Db		music-key-signatures
Db major	5 flats: Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb		music-key-signatures
Gb major	6 flats: Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb, Cb		music-key-signatures
Cb major	7 flats		music-key-signatures
A minor	No sharps or flats (Relative minor of C major)		music-key-signatures
E minor	1 sharp: F#		music-key-signatures
B minor	2 sharps		music-key-signatures
F# minor	3 sharps		music-key-signatures
C# minor	4 sharps		music-key-signatures
G# minor	5 sharps		music-key-signatures
D minor	1 flat: Bb		music-key-signatures
G minor	2 flats		music-key-signatures
C minor	3 flats		music-key-signatures
F minor	4 flats		music-key-signatures
Bb minor	5 flats		music-key-signatures
Order of sharps	F C G D A E B (Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle)		music-key-signatures
Order of flats	B E A D G C F (Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles's Father)		music-key-signatures
Trick for sharp keys	The last sharp is the note just below the tonic (do) of the major key		music-key-signatures
Trick for flat keys	The second-to-last flat is the name of the major key		music-key-signatures
Why is F major the exception to the flat-key trick?	It has only one flat, so you simply have to remember it		music-key-signatures
Relative minor	The minor key sharing a key signature with a major key, three half steps below its tonic		music-key-signatures
Relative major of A minor	C major		music-key-signatures
Relative major of E minor	G major		music-key-signatures
Relative major of D minor	F major		music-key-signatures
Relative major of B minor	D major		music-key-signatures
Relative major of G minor	Bb major		music-key-signatures
Relative minor of D major	B minor		music-key-signatures
Relative minor of F major	D minor		music-key-signatures
Relative minor of Bb major	G minor		music-key-signatures
Relative minor of Eb major	C minor		music-key-signatures
Relative minor of A major	F# minor		music-key-signatures
Parallel key	A major and minor key with the same tonic, such as C major and C minor		music-key-signatures
Circle of fifths	A diagram placing keys a fifth apart, adding one sharp or flat each step		music-key-signatures
Going clockwise on the circle of fifths	Add one sharp (or remove one flat)		music-key-signatures
Going counter-clockwise on the circle of fifths	Add one flat (or remove one sharp)		music-key-signatures
Enharmonic keys	Keys that sound the same but are spelled differently, like F# major and Gb major		music-key-signatures
Which keys have no key signature?	C major and A minor		music-key-signatures
Where is the key signature written?	Right after the clef at the start of each staff		music-key-signatures
Tonic	The home note of a key		music-key-signatures
Key signature of Gb major equals which sharp key?	F# major (enharmonic)		music-key-signatures
Number of sharps in G major	One		music-key-signatures
Number of flats in Eb major	Three		music-key-signatures
Number of sharps in E major	Four		music-key-signatures
Number of flats in Ab major	Four		music-key-signatures
Which sharp is added first in sharp keys?	F#		music-key-signatures
Which flat is added first in flat keys?	Bb		music-key-signatures
Which key has C# as its last sharp?	D major		music-key-signatures
Which key has F# as its last sharp?	G major		music-key-signatures
Which key has G# as its last sharp?	A major		music-key-signatures
Which key has A# as its last sharp?	B major		music-key-signatures
Which key has D# as its last sharp?	E major		music-key-signatures
Which key has Eb as its second flat?	Bb major		music-key-signatures
Whole note	Four beats in 4/4 time (An open oval with no stem)		music-note-rest-values
Half note	Two beats (An open oval with a stem)		music-note-rest-values
Quarter note	One beat (A filled-in oval with a stem)		music-note-rest-values
Eighth note	Half a beat (A filled oval with a stem and one flag)		music-note-rest-values
Sixteenth note	A quarter of a beat (A stem with two flags)		music-note-rest-values
Thirty-second note	An eighth of a beat (A stem with three flags)		music-note-rest-values
Whole rest	Silence for a whole measure of 4/4 (four beats) (Hangs below the line)		music-note-rest-values
Half rest	Two beats of silence (Sits on top of the line like a hat)		music-note-rest-values
Quarter rest	One beat of silence (A squiggly zigzag shape)		music-note-rest-values
Eighth rest	Half a beat of silence (Looks like a slanted 7)		music-note-rest-values
Sixteenth rest	A quarter of a beat of silence		music-note-rest-values
Dotted half note	Three beats		music-note-rest-values
Dotted quarter note	One and a half beats		music-note-rest-values
Dotted eighth note	Three quarters of a beat		music-note-rest-values
Dotted whole note	Six beats		music-note-rest-values
What does a dot after a note do?	Adds half of the note's value		music-note-rest-values
What does a tie do?	Joins two notes of the same pitch into one longer sound		music-note-rest-values
What does a slur do?	Connects different notes to be played smoothly		music-note-rest-values
How many quarter notes equal a whole note?	Four		music-note-rest-values
How many half notes equal a whole note?	Two		music-note-rest-values
How many eighth notes equal a quarter note?	Two		music-note-rest-values
How many sixteenth notes equal a quarter note?	Four		music-note-rest-values
How many eighth notes equal a whole note?	Eight		music-note-rest-values
How many sixteenth notes equal a half note?	Eight		music-note-rest-values
How many quarter notes equal a half note?	Two		music-note-rest-values
How many sixteenth notes equal an eighth note?	Two		music-note-rest-values
What is a beam?	A thick line joining the flags of two or more eighth or shorter notes		music-note-rest-values
Triplet	Three notes played in the time of two of the same type		music-note-rest-values
Syncopation	Stressing the off-beats or weak beats		music-note-rest-values
Fermata	A symbol meaning hold the note or rest longer than written		music-note-rest-values
Time signature	Two numbers at the start telling beats per measure and which note gets the beat		music-note-rest-values
Top number of a time signature	How many beats are in each measure		music-note-rest-values
Bottom number of a time signature	Which note value gets one beat		music-note-rest-values
4/4 time	Four beats per measure, quarter note gets the beat (Also called common time)		music-note-rest-values
3/4 time	Three beats per measure, quarter note gets the beat (Waltz time)		music-note-rest-values
2/4 time	Two beats per measure, quarter note gets the beat (March time)		music-note-rest-values
6/8 time	Six beats per measure, eighth note gets the beat, often felt in two groups of three		music-note-rest-values
Common time symbol	A C, standing for 4/4		music-note-rest-values
Cut time symbol	A C with a vertical line, standing for 2/2		music-note-rest-values
Measure (bar)	One section of music holding a set number of beats		music-note-rest-values
Bar line	A vertical line dividing measures		music-note-rest-values
Double bar line	Two vertical lines marking a new section		music-note-rest-values
Final bar line	A thin line and a thick line marking the end of a piece		music-note-rest-values
Beat	The steady pulse of the music		music-note-rest-values
Tempo	The speed of the beat		music-note-rest-values
Rhythm	The pattern of long and short sounds		music-note-rest-values
Meter	The way beats are grouped into measures		music-note-rest-values
Anacrusis (pickup)	One or more notes before the first full measure		music-note-rest-values
Rest	A symbol for silence		music-note-rest-values
Stem direction rule	Notes below the middle line have stems up; middle line and above have stems down		music-note-rest-values
Repeat sign	Two dots by a double bar telling the player to repeat a section		music-note-rest-values
Quarter note value in 2/2 time	Half a beat		music-note-rest-values
Half note value in 2/2 time	One beat		music-note-rest-values
Whole note value in 2/2 time	Two beats		music-note-rest-values
Eighth rest value in 4/4	Half a beat		music-note-rest-values
Half rest plus quarter rest plus quarter rest in 4/4	One full measure of silence (4 beats)		music-note-rest-values
Two dotted quarter notes	Three beats total		music-note-rest-values
Solfege syllable for the 1st note of the major scale	Do		music-solfege-piano-keys
Solfege syllable for the 2nd note	Re		music-solfege-piano-keys
Solfege syllable for the 3rd note	Mi		music-solfege-piano-keys
Solfege syllable for the 4th note	Fa		music-solfege-piano-keys
Solfege syllable for the 5th note	Sol		music-solfege-piano-keys
Solfege syllable for the 6th note	La		music-solfege-piano-keys
Solfege syllable for the 7th note	Ti		music-solfege-piano-keys
Solfege syllable for the 8th note	Do (higher)		music-solfege-piano-keys
Do-re-mi-fa-sol-la-ti-do	The solfege syllables for a major scale		music-solfege-piano-keys
Which song teaches solfege?	Do-Re-Mi from The Sound of Music		music-solfege-piano-keys
Fixed Do	Do is always the note C		music-solfege-piano-keys
Movable Do	Do is the tonic of whatever key you are in		music-solfege-piano-keys
Hand signs for solfege	Hand shapes that show each syllable, developed by John Curwen		music-solfege-piano-keys
Musical alphabet	A B C D E F G, then it repeats		music-solfege-piano-keys
How many white keys in an octave?	Seven		music-solfege-piano-keys
How many black keys in an octave?	Five		music-solfege-piano-keys
How many keys in an octave total?	Twelve		music-solfege-piano-keys
How many keys on a standard piano?	88		music-solfege-piano-keys
Black keys come in groups of...	Twos and threes		music-solfege-piano-keys
C is the white key just left of...	The group of two black keys		music-solfege-piano-keys
F is the white key just left of...	The group of three black keys		music-solfege-piano-keys
Where is middle C?	Near the center of the keyboard, left of the two black keys		music-solfege-piano-keys
Which white keys have no black key between them?	B and C, and E and F		music-solfege-piano-keys
Why are there half steps between E and F and B and C?	Those white keys are next to each other with no black key between		music-solfege-piano-keys
Sharp on the piano	The key to the right		music-solfege-piano-keys
Flat on the piano	The key to the left		music-solfege-piano-keys
C sharp equals which flat?	D flat		music-solfege-piano-keys
Enharmonic notes	Two names for one pitch, like F# and Gb		music-solfege-piano-keys
Pitch	How high or low a note sounds		music-solfege-piano-keys
High pitch	Fast vibrations		music-solfege-piano-keys
Low pitch	Slow vibrations		music-solfege-piano-keys
Frequency	How many vibrations happen per second, measured in hertz		music-solfege-piano-keys
Hertz (Hz)	One vibration per second		music-solfege-piano-keys
A above middle C	440 Hz, the standard tuning note		music-solfege-piano-keys
Tuning fork	A metal fork that makes a steady pitch when struck		music-solfege-piano-keys
Octave	Same note name, 12 half steps away, twice the frequency		music-solfege-piano-keys
Soprano range	About middle C up two octaves		music-solfege-piano-keys
Pitch of a short string vs a long string	Shorter string sounds higher		music-solfege-piano-keys
Pitch of a thin string vs a thick string	Thinner string sounds higher		music-solfege-piano-keys
Volume	How loud a sound is		music-solfege-piano-keys
Timbre	What makes a flute sound different from a trumpet on the same note		music-solfege-piano-keys
Sustain pedal	The right piano pedal that lets notes keep ringing		music-solfege-piano-keys
Soft pedal (una corda)	The left piano pedal that makes the sound softer		music-solfege-piano-keys
Hammers	Parts of a piano that strike the strings		music-solfege-piano-keys
Grand piano	A piano with horizontal strings and a lid		music-solfege-piano-keys
Upright piano	A piano with strings that stand vertically		music-solfege-piano-keys
Keyboard	The row of keys on a piano or synthesizer		music-solfege-piano-keys
Chromatic	Moving by half steps		music-solfege-piano-keys
Diatonic	Using the notes of one major or minor scale		music-solfege-piano-keys
Treble	The higher range		music-solfege-piano-keys
Bass (range)	The lowest range		music-solfege-piano-keys
Perfect pitch (absolute pitch)	The rare ability to name a note without a reference		music-solfege-piano-keys
Relative pitch	Knowing notes by comparing them with other notes		music-solfege-piano-keys
Fingering on piano	Thumb is finger 1, pinky is finger 5		music-solfege-piano-keys
Middle C finger on right hand	Thumb (finger 1) in C position		music-solfege-piano-keys
Octave sign 8va	Play an octave higher		music-solfege-piano-keys
Black key group of three	F#/Gb, G#/Ab, A#/Bb		music-solfege-piano-keys
Black key group of two	C#/Db, D#/Eb		music-solfege-piano-keys
Treble clef	Marks the G line; used for higher notes		music-symbols
Bass clef	Marks the F line; used for lower notes		music-symbols
Alto clef	A C clef used by the viola		music-symbols
Staff	Five lines and four spaces where notes are written		music-symbols
Sharp (#)	Raises a note by a half step		music-symbols
Flat (b)	Lowers a note by a half step		music-symbols
Natural	Cancels a sharp or flat		music-symbols
Double sharp	Raises a note by two half steps (a whole step)		music-symbols
Double flat	Lowers a note by two half steps		music-symbols
Accidental	A sharp, flat or natural added to a note outside the key signature		music-symbols
Key signature	Sharps or flats at the start telling which notes are altered		music-symbols
Time signature	Numbers showing beats per measure and the beat note		music-symbols
Bar line	Divides music into measures		music-symbols
Brace	Joins two staves played together, like piano staves		music-symbols
Repeat sign	Play the section again		music-symbols
First and second endings	Brackets showing different endings on a repeat		music-symbols
Fermata	Hold longer than written		music-symbols
Tie	Curved line joining two notes of the same pitch		music-symbols
Slur	Curved line over different notes for smooth playing		music-symbols
Staccato dot	Play short and detached		music-symbols
Accent (>)	Play the note louder or with emphasis		music-symbols
Tenuto line	Hold the note for its full value		music-symbols
Dotted note	Adds half its value		music-symbols
Rest	Silence for a set length		music-symbols
Crescendo hairpin	Open wedge shape meaning gradually louder		music-symbols
Decrescendo hairpin	Closing wedge shape meaning gradually softer		music-symbols
Coda sign	Marks a jump to the ending section		music-symbols
Segno sign	Marks a place to return to		music-symbols
D.C. al Fine	Go back to the beginning and play to Fine		music-symbols
D.S. al Coda	Go back to the sign, then jump to the coda		music-symbols
8va	Play an octave higher than written		music-symbols
8vb	Play an octave lower than written		music-symbols
Trill	Quickly alternate between a note and the one above it		music-symbols
Mordent	A quick alternation with the note above or below		music-symbols
Grace note	A tiny note played very quickly before the main note		music-symbols
Turn	A decoration that circles around a note		music-symbols
Glissando	A slide from one note to another		music-symbols
Arpeggio sign	A wavy line meaning play the chord notes one after another		music-symbols
Tremolo	Rapid repetition of a note or alternation of two notes		music-symbols
Pedal marking	Shows when to press and release the piano sustain pedal		music-symbols
Ledger line	Short extra line for notes above or below the staff		music-symbols
Beam	Joins the flags of several short notes		music-symbols
Stem	The vertical line attached to a note head		music-symbols
Flag	The curved tail on an eighth or shorter note		music-symbols
Note head	The oval part of a note		music-symbols
Triplet bracket (3)	Three notes in the time of two		music-symbols
Pickup note	A note before the first full measure		music-symbols
Final double bar	Marks the end of a piece		music-symbols
Chord symbol	Letters above the staff naming the chord, like C or Am		music-symbols
Fingering numbers	Numbers showing which finger to use		music-symbols
Tempo marking	Words or numbers at the start telling how fast to play		music-symbols
Dynamic marking	Letters like p or f telling how loud		music-symbols
Breath mark	Shows where a singer or wind player takes a breath		music-symbols
Caesura (//)	A short silent break in the music		music-symbols
Measure number	A number at the start of a line marking the bar		music-symbols
Harmonic (small circle)	Play a string harmonic or a light overtone		music-symbols
Down bow	Pull the bow down on a string instrument		music-symbols
Up bow	Push the bow up on a string instrument		music-symbols
Mute marking	Use a mute on the instrument		music-symbols
Simile	Keep playing in the same manner		music-symbols
Melody	The tune; a series of notes that makes a musical idea		music-theory-vocabulary
Harmony	Notes sounded together that support the melody		music-theory-vocabulary
Rhythm	Pattern of long and short sounds in time		music-theory-vocabulary
Beat	The steady pulse in music		music-theory-vocabulary
Tempo	The speed of the music		music-theory-vocabulary
Pitch	How high or low a sound is		music-theory-vocabulary
Dynamics	How loud or soft the music is		music-theory-vocabulary
Timbre	The special tone color of a voice or instrument		music-theory-vocabulary
Texture	How many layers of sound are heard at once		music-theory-vocabulary
Form	The structure or plan of a piece		music-theory-vocabulary
Phrase	A musical sentence		music-theory-vocabulary
Motif	A short musical idea that repeats and develops		music-theory-vocabulary
Theme	The main melody of a piece		music-theory-vocabulary
Variation	A changed version of a theme		music-theory-vocabulary
Verse	A part of a song with the same melody but new words		music-theory-vocabulary
Chorus	The repeated part of a song with the same words		music-theory-vocabulary
Bridge	A contrasting section in a song, usually after the second chorus		music-theory-vocabulary
Refrain	A repeated line or section		music-theory-vocabulary
Introduction	The opening section of a piece		music-theory-vocabulary
Coda	A closing section		music-theory-vocabulary
Interlude	A short piece played between sections		music-theory-vocabulary
Ostinato	A short pattern repeated again and again		music-theory-vocabulary
Drone	A long, steady note held under a melody		music-theory-vocabulary
Round	A song in which groups enter one after another with the same melody		music-theory-vocabulary
Canon	Strict imitation of a melody entering at different times		music-theory-vocabulary
Call and response	One voice asks and another answers		music-theory-vocabulary
Unison	Everyone playing or singing the same notes		music-theory-vocabulary
Solo	One performer alone		music-theory-vocabulary
Duet	Two performers		music-theory-vocabulary
Trio	Three performers		music-theory-vocabulary
Quartet	Four performers		music-theory-vocabulary
Quintet	Five performers		music-theory-vocabulary
Ensemble	A group of musicians		music-theory-vocabulary
A cappella	Singing without instruments		music-theory-vocabulary
Orchestra	A large group of string, wind and percussion players		music-theory-vocabulary
Conductor	The person who leads an orchestra or choir		music-theory-vocabulary
Choir	A group of singers		music-theory-vocabulary
Soprano	Highest female voice		music-theory-vocabulary
Alto	Lower female voice		music-theory-vocabulary
Tenor	Higher male voice		music-theory-vocabulary
Bass	Lowest male voice		music-theory-vocabulary
Baritone	Male voice between tenor and bass		music-theory-vocabulary
Mezzo-soprano	Female voice between soprano and alto		music-theory-vocabulary
Binary form	A B form, two contrasting sections		music-theory-vocabulary
Ternary form	A B A form		music-theory-vocabulary
Rondo	A form where the main theme returns between contrasting sections, like A B A C A		music-theory-vocabulary
Theme and variations	A form that changes a theme again and again		music-theory-vocabulary
Movement	A major section of a longer work like a symphony		music-theory-vocabulary
Overture	Orchestral piece that opens an opera, ballet or play		music-theory-vocabulary
Lullaby	A soothing song for sleep		music-theory-vocabulary
March	Music with a strong, steady beat for walking		music-theory-vocabulary
Waltz	A dance in 3/4 time		music-theory-vocabulary
Minuet	A graceful dance in 3/4 time		music-theory-vocabulary
Sonata	A work for one or two instruments		music-theory-vocabulary
Etude	A study piece to practice a skill		music-theory-vocabulary
Prelude	An introductory piece		music-theory-vocabulary
Nocturne	A dreamy piece suggesting night		music-theory-vocabulary
Lieder	German art songs		music-theory-vocabulary
Aria	A solo song in an opera		music-theory-vocabulary
Libretto	The text of an opera		music-theory-vocabulary
Interval	The distance between two pitches		music-theory-vocabulary
Octave	Eight notes apart, the same name higher or lower		music-theory-vocabulary
Tonic	The home note of a key		music-theory-vocabulary
Resolution	Moving from tense notes to rest notes		music-theory-vocabulary
Transpose	Move music into a different key		music-theory-vocabulary
Improvise	Make up music while performing		music-theory-vocabulary
Embouchure	How a player shapes lips and face on a wind instrument		music-theory-vocabulary
Vibrato	A slight, quick wavering of pitch to make a note richer		music-theory-vocabulary
Treble clef: bottom line (line 1)	E		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: line 2	G		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: line 3 (middle)	B		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: line 4	D		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: top line (line 5)	F		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: first space (bottom)	F		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: second space	A		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: third space	C		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: fourth space (top)	E		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: space above the top line	G		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: space below the bottom line	D		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: line above the staff (first ledger line)	A		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: second ledger line above	C		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: middle C	On the first ledger line below the staff		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: first ledger line below	C (middle C)		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: second ledger line below	A		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef lines, bottom to top	E G B D F (Every Good Boy Does Fine)		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef spaces, bottom to top	F A C E (It spells FACE)		music-treble-clef-notes
Another name for the treble clef	G clef (Its curl circles the G line)		music-treble-clef-notes
The treble clef curls around which line?	The second line, G		music-treble-clef-notes
Which instruments commonly read treble clef?	Violin, flute, trumpet, and the right hand of the piano		music-treble-clef-notes
How many lines does a staff have?	Five		music-treble-clef-notes
How many spaces does a staff have?	Four		music-treble-clef-notes
Which way do notes go as pitch gets higher?	Up the staff		music-treble-clef-notes
Are lines numbered from the bottom or the top?	From the bottom		music-treble-clef-notes
What is a ledger line?	A short extra line used for notes above or below the staff		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: note on line 2	G		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: the note E on the staff, two places	Bottom line and top space		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: the note F on the staff, two places	First space and top line		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: the note G on the staff, two places	Second line and space above the top line		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: the note D on the staff, two places	Fourth line and space below the bottom line		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: the note A on the staff	Second space		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: the note B on the staff	Middle line		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: the note C on the staff	Third space		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: note directly above line 3 (B)	C, in the third space		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: note directly below line 1 (E)	D, in the space below the staff		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: the highest staff line note	F		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: lowest staff line note	E		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: note on line 4	D		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: note between lines 2 and 3	A		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: note between lines 3 and 4	C		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: note between lines 4 and 5	E		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: note between lines 1 and 2	F		music-treble-clef-notes
Note one step up from G	A		music-treble-clef-notes
Note one step down from C	B		music-treble-clef-notes
How many note names are used before they repeat?	Seven: A B C D E F G		music-treble-clef-notes
What is the distance between a line note and the next space note?	A second (one step)		music-treble-clef-notes
Which ledger-line C is the same as middle C on piano?	The one just below the treble staff		music-treble-clef-notes
The treble clef is used for which pitch range?	Higher notes		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: octave above middle C is where?	Third space C		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: note on the fifth line	F		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: highest space note	E		music-treble-clef-notes
Treble clef: lowest space note	F		music-treble-clef-notes
What is the note name after G going up?	A again, one octave higher		music-treble-clef-notes
Sitar	India; plucked string instrument with a long neck		music-world-instruments
Tabla	India; pair of hand drums		music-world-instruments
Tanpura	India; stringed instrument that plays a steady drone		music-world-instruments
Sarod	India; plucked fretless string instrument		music-world-instruments
Erhu	China; two-stringed bowed instrument		music-world-instruments
Pipa	China; plucked lute with four strings		music-world-instruments
Guzheng	China; long plucked zither		music-world-instruments
Gong	Southeast Asia and China; hanging metal disc struck with a mallet		music-world-instruments
Gamelan	Indonesia; ensemble of tuned gongs and metal instruments		music-world-instruments
Koto	Japan; long zither with 13 strings		music-world-instruments
Shamisen	Japan; three-stringed plucked instrument		music-world-instruments
Shakuhachi	Japan; bamboo flute		music-world-instruments
Taiko	Japan; big drums		music-world-instruments
Gayageum	Korea; plucked zither		music-world-instruments
Didgeridoo	Australia; long wooden wind instrument of Aboriginal peoples		music-world-instruments
Djembe	West Africa; goblet-shaped hand drum		music-world-instruments
Kora	West Africa; 21-stringed instrument with a gourd body		music-world-instruments
Balafon	West Africa; wooden xylophone with gourd resonators		music-world-instruments
Mbira (thumb piano)	Southern Africa; metal tines plucked with thumbs		music-world-instruments
Talking drum	West Africa; hourglass-shaped drum that can imitate speech		music-world-instruments
Shekere	West Africa; gourd with beads around it		music-world-instruments
Oud	Middle East; pear-shaped plucked lute		music-world-instruments
Darbuka	Middle East; goblet drum		music-world-instruments
Ney	Middle East; end-blown reed flute		music-world-instruments
Qanun	Middle East; plucked zither with many strings		music-world-instruments
Bagpipes	Scotland; wind instrument with a bag and drones		music-world-instruments
Uilleann pipes	Ireland; bagpipes played with bellows		music-world-instruments
Bodhran	Ireland; frame drum played with a stick		music-world-instruments
Tin whistle	Ireland; simple six-hole flute		music-world-instruments
Fiddle	Violin used in folk music		music-world-instruments
Accordion	Europe; instrument with bellows and keys or buttons		music-world-instruments
Balalaika	Russia; triangular three-stringed lute		music-world-instruments
Hurdy-gurdy	Europe; string instrument played by turning a crank		music-world-instruments
Alphorn	Switzerland; very long wooden horn		music-world-instruments
Zither	Alps and Europe; flat stringed instrument		music-world-instruments
Bouzouki	Greece; long-necked plucked lute		music-world-instruments
Mandolin	Italy; small plucked instrument with paired strings		music-world-instruments
Castanets	Spain; wooden clappers		music-world-instruments
Flamenco guitar	Spain; guitar used in flamenco music		music-world-instruments
Maracas	Latin America and Caribbean; shaken rattles		music-world-instruments
Guiro	Caribbean and Latin America; notched gourd scraped with a stick		music-world-instruments
Conga	Cuba; tall narrow drum		music-world-instruments
Bongos	Cuba; pair of small hand drums		music-world-instruments
Steelpan (steel drum)	Trinidad and Tobago; tuned drum made from an oil barrel		music-world-instruments
Cuatro	Puerto Rico and Venezuela; small four-stringed guitar		music-world-instruments
Charango	Andes; small guitar-like instrument, traditionally with an armadillo-shell body		music-world-instruments
Pan flute (zampona)	Andes; tubes tied together and blown across the tops		music-world-instruments
Quena	Andes; notched end-blown flute		music-world-instruments
Marimba	Central America and Africa; wooden xylophone with resonators		music-world-instruments
Ukulele	Hawaii; small four-stringed guitar		music-world-instruments
Banjo	United States; round-bodied string instrument with African roots		music-world-instruments
Dobro	United States; guitar with a metal resonator		music-world-instruments
Native American flute	North America; wooden flute with a soft, airy sound		music-world-instruments
Powwow drum	North America; large drum played by a group		music-world-instruments
Harp	Played in many places; plucked strings in a triangular frame		music-world-instruments
Lyre	Ancient Greece; small harp-like instrument		music-world-instruments
Hang drum	Switzerland, invented in 2000; steel instrument played with hands		music-world-instruments
Theremin	Russia, invented in the 1920s; electronic instrument played without touching		music-world-instruments
Cajon	Peru; box-shaped drum you sit on		music-world-instruments
Berimbau	Brazil; bow-shaped single-string instrument		music-world-instruments
Bandoneon	Argentina and Germany; button accordion used in tango		music-world-instruments
Duduk	Armenia; double-reed wooden flute		music-world-instruments
Kalimba	Africa; modern name for a thumb piano		music-world-instruments
Aperture	The opening in a lens that lets light in		photography-terms
f-stop	A number describing the size of the aperture; smaller number means bigger opening		photography-terms
Shutter speed	How long the camera's shutter stays open		photography-terms
ISO	How sensitive the camera sensor is to light		photography-terms
Exposure	The amount of light that reaches the sensor		photography-terms
Exposure triangle	The balance of aperture, shutter speed and ISO		photography-terms
Overexposed	Too much light, picture too bright		photography-terms
Underexposed	Too little light, picture too dark		photography-terms
Depth of field	How much of the picture is in sharp focus from near to far		photography-terms
Shallow depth of field	Only a small part is sharp, background blurry; made with wide aperture		photography-terms
Deep depth of field	Most of the picture is sharp; made with small aperture		photography-terms
Bokeh	The soft blur of out-of-focus lights in the background		photography-terms
Focus	Making the subject look sharp		photography-terms
Autofocus	The camera chooses focus automatically		photography-terms
Focal length	Distance from lens to sensor in millimeters, deciding how zoomed in the view is		photography-terms
Wide-angle lens	Lens that captures a wide scene		photography-terms
Telephoto lens	Lens that brings faraway subjects closer		photography-terms
Zoom lens	A lens with a changeable focal length		photography-terms
Macro lens	Lens for extreme close-ups of small things		photography-terms
Fisheye lens	An ultra-wide lens that bends the picture into a bubble look		photography-terms
Fast shutter speed	Freezes motion		photography-terms
Slow shutter speed	Blurs motion and lets in more light		photography-terms
Motion blur	Streaks caused by movement during exposure		photography-terms
Panning	Moving the camera with a moving subject to blur the background		photography-terms
Long exposure	A slow shutter for light trails or smooth water		photography-terms
White balance	Adjusting colors so white looks white under different lights		photography-terms
Flash	A burst of light to brighten a scene		photography-terms
Natural light	Light from the sun		photography-terms
Golden hour	Time just after sunrise or before sunset with warm, soft light		photography-terms
Blue hour	Time just before sunrise or after sunset with deep blue light		photography-terms
Backlight	Light coming from behind the subject		photography-terms
Silhouette	A dark shape of a subject against a bright background		photography-terms
Tripod	A three-legged stand that keeps a camera steady		photography-terms
Viewfinder	The window you look through to frame the picture		photography-terms
Sensor	The part of a digital camera that records light		photography-terms
Megapixel	One million pixels, a measure of picture detail		photography-terms
Pixel	One tiny dot of a digital image		photography-terms
Resolution	The amount of detail in an image		photography-terms
RAW	An unprocessed image file with lots of data		photography-terms
JPEG	A common compressed image file format		photography-terms
DSLR	A digital camera with a mirror and viewfinder (single-lens reflex)		photography-terms
Mirrorless camera	A digital camera without a mirror box		photography-terms
Composition	How things are arranged in the frame		photography-terms
Rule of thirds	Placing the subject along lines splitting the frame in thirds		photography-terms
Leading lines	Lines in a scene that lead the eye to the subject		photography-terms
Framing	Using objects in the scene to make a frame around the subject		photography-terms
Symmetry	Matching halves in a photo		photography-terms
Close-up	A picture taken near the subject		photography-terms
Wide shot	A picture showing the whole scene		photography-terms
Portrait orientation	Taller than wide		photography-terms
Landscape orientation	Wider than tall		photography-terms
Aspect ratio	The width compared to the height of a picture		photography-terms
Crop	Cut away the edges of a picture		photography-terms
Contrast (photo)	The difference between light and dark areas		photography-terms
Saturation (photo)	How strong the colors are		photography-terms
Candid photo	A natural photo of someone who is not posing		photography-terms
Selfie	A photo you take of yourself		photography-terms
Photojournalism	Telling news stories with photographs		photography-terms
Daguerreotype	An early photograph on a metal plate from 1839		photography-terms
Camera obscura	A dark room or box with a tiny hole that projects an image		photography-terms
Ansel Adams	American photographer famous for black and white landscapes of Yosemite		photography-terms
Dorothea Lange	American photographer who took Migrant Mother in 1936		photography-terms
Instant camera	A camera that prints the photo right away		photography-terms
Black and white photography	Photos with no color, only shades of gray		photography-terms
Upstage	The part of the stage farthest from the audience		theater-terms
Downstage	The part of the stage nearest the audience		theater-terms
Stage left	The actor's left as they face the audience		theater-terms
Stage right	The actor's right as they face the audience		theater-terms
Center stage	The middle of the stage		theater-terms
Wings	The off-stage areas to the sides of the stage		theater-terms
Backstage	The area behind and around the stage the audience cannot see		theater-terms
Proscenium	The arch framing the stage opening		theater-terms
Apron	The part of the stage in front of the curtain		theater-terms
Curtain	The cloth that opens and closes to hide the stage		theater-terms
Backdrop	A large painted cloth at the back of the stage		theater-terms
Set	The scenery and furniture of a play		theater-terms
Props	Objects actors handle on stage		theater-terms
Costume	Clothing worn by actors		theater-terms
Script	The written words of a play		theater-terms
Cue	A signal for an action to start		theater-terms
Line	The words an actor speaks		theater-terms
Dialogue	A conversation between characters		theater-terms
Monologue	A long speech by one character		theater-terms
Soliloquy	A speech in which a character speaks thoughts aloud alone		theater-terms
Aside	A comment spoken to the audience that other characters do not hear		theater-terms
Blocking	Where and how actors move on stage		theater-terms
Rehearsal	Practice before a performance		theater-terms
Dress rehearsal	The final practice with costumes, lights and sound		theater-terms
Cast	The actors in a show		theater-terms
Understudy	An actor who learns a role to replace the main actor if needed		theater-terms
Ensemble	A group of actors who perform together, often in small roles		theater-terms
Lead	A main role		theater-terms
Director	The person who guides the whole production		theater-terms
Stage manager	The person who runs the show during performances		theater-terms
Producer	The person who raises money and organizes a production		theater-terms
Playwright	The person who writes a play		theater-terms
Designer	Someone who plans set, lights, costumes or sound		theater-terms
Stagehand	A crew member who moves scenery and props		theater-terms
Audition	A tryout for a role		theater-terms
Callback	A second audition		theater-terms
Casting	Choosing actors for parts		theater-terms
Spotlight	A strong beam that lights one actor or area		theater-terms
Gel	A colored sheet placed over a light		theater-terms
Blackout	All stage lights turned off at once		theater-terms
Intermission	A break in the middle of a show		theater-terms
Act	A main section of a play		theater-terms
Scene	A smaller section of an act in one place and time		theater-terms
Prologue	An introduction at the start		theater-terms
Epilogue	A short ending speech or scene		theater-terms
Plot	The story's events		theater-terms
Conflict	The problem or struggle in a story		theater-terms
Climax	The most exciting moment		theater-terms
Protagonist	The main character		theater-terms
Antagonist	The character who opposes the main character		theater-terms
Comedy	A play that is funny and ends happily		theater-terms
Tragedy	A serious play that ends sadly		theater-terms
Musical	A play told with songs and dance		theater-terms
Improv	Acting made up on the spot		theater-terms
Pantomime (mime)	Acting without words, using movement		theater-terms
Puppetry	Telling stories using puppets		theater-terms
Projection	Speaking loudly and clearly so everyone can hear		theater-terms
Enunciation	Speaking each word clearly		theater-terms
Stage fright	Nervousness before performing		theater-terms
Break a leg	A way to wish an actor good luck		theater-terms
Tableau	A frozen picture made by actors		theater-terms
Fourth wall	The imaginary wall between actors and audience		theater-terms
Breaking the fourth wall	When a character talks directly to the audience		theater-terms
Greek theater	Ancient plays performed in open-air stages in Greece		theater-terms
Globe Theatre	London theater where Shakespeare's plays were performed		theater-terms
William Shakespeare	English playwright who lived from 1564 to 1616		theater-terms
Broadway	Famous theater district in New York City		theater-terms
Ham it up	Overact for comic effect		theater-terms
Green room	A waiting room for performers		theater-terms
Pit	The area where the orchestra plays in front of the stage		theater-terms
Fly system	Ropes and pulleys that lift scenery above the stage		theater-terms