[{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/bike-and-pedestrian-safety","id":"bike-and-pedestrian-safety","title":"Bike and Pedestrian Safety","category":"health-life","subject":"Road Safety","levels":["k-2","3-5","6-8"],"description":"Helmets, hand signals, signs and crossing rules for kids on bikes and on foot.","tags":["bike safety","road signs","pedestrian"],"frontLabel":"Question","backLabel":"Answer","cards":[["Bike helmet rule","Wear a helmet every ride"],["How should a helmet fit?","Level on your head, snug, strap buckled with two fingers under the chin"],["Eyes, Ears, Mouth helmet check","Eyes see the front edge, straps make a V around ears, mouth open and helmet hugs the head"],["Left turn hand signal","Left arm straight out to the left"],["Right turn hand signal (common)","Right arm straight out to the right"],["Stopping hand signal","Left arm bent down, palm back"],["Which side of the road do you ride on?","The same direction as traffic, on the right"],["Where to ride","In the bike lane or as far right as safe, or on a path"],["Stop at stop signs on a bike","Yes, bikes follow the same rules as cars"],["ABC Quick Check for a bike","Air, Brakes, Chain/Crank, Quick release"],["Check the tires","Make sure they are firmly pumped"],["Check the brakes","Squeeze and make sure the bike stops"],["Reflectors","Help drivers see you at night"],["Bike light","White light in front, red light in back at night"],["Bright clothing","Wear it to be seen"],["Riding at night","Avoid it, or use lights and reflective gear"],["Wear closed-toe shoes","To protect your feet and keep them on the pedals"],["Headphones while biking","Don't use them; you need to hear traffic"],["Texting while biking","Never do it"],["Riding with a friend","Ride single file on roads"],["Parked cars","Watch for doors opening"],["Driveways","Slow down; cars may back out"],["Look before you cross a street","Look left, right, left again"],["Safest place to cross","At a crosswalk or corner with a signal"],["Pedestrian signal: walking person","Go if safe"],["Pedestrian signal: raised hand","Don't start crossing"],["Pedestrian countdown","Shows seconds left to finish crossing"],["Walk on sidewalks","If none, walk facing traffic on the far left edge"],["Stop, look and listen","The routine before crossing"],["Hold hands in parking lots","Small children stay with an adult"],["Crossing guard","A person who helps kids cross safely near schools"],["School bus rule","Wait until the bus stops and the driver says go"],["Stay 10 feet from the bus","Be out of the danger zone until the bus stops"],["Walking to the bus stop","Stay out of the road"],["Crosswalk","Painted stripes where people cross"],["Zebra crossing","A crosswalk marked with wide white stripes"],["Red light","Stop"],["Yellow light","Slow down and prepare to stop"],["Green light","Go if the way is clear"],["Stop sign shape","Octagon (8 sides), red with white letters"],["Yield sign shape","Downward-pointing triangle, red and white"],["Warning signs shape","Diamond, usually yellow"],["Speed limit sign","Rectangle with black on white"],["School zone sign","Pentagon-shaped, fluorescent yellow-green"],["Railroad crossing sign","Round yellow warning or X-shaped crossbuck"],["One-way sign","A black arrow on a white or black rectangle"],["Do not enter sign","A white bar on a red circle"],["Bike lane sign","Shows a bicycle symbol"],["Pedestrian crossing sign","Shows a person walking; yellow-green diamond"],["Railroad crossing safety","Stop, look and listen; never race a train"],["Never play near train tracks","They are dangerous and illegal to walk on"],["Scooter and skateboard safety","Wear a helmet, knee pads and wrist guards"],["Rollerblading safety","Wear a helmet, wrist guards, knee and elbow pads"],["Walk bike across a busy street","Get off and walk beside it"],["Walking bike at crosswalks","Safer than riding across"],["Seat height","You should be able to touch the ground with the balls of your feet"],["Right bike size","You can stand over the frame with your feet flat on the ground"],["Locking your bike","Use a lock on the frame and wheel"],["Carrying things on a bike","Use a basket or backpack, not handlebars"],["Wet weather riding","Brake earlier because brakes work less well"],["Gravel","Slow down to avoid sliding"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/camping-and-survival-basics","id":"camping-and-survival-basics","title":"Camping and Survival Basics","category":"health-life","subject":"Outdoor Skills","levels":["3-5","6-8","9-12","adult"],"description":"Outdoor safety, gear, wilderness rules and what to do if you get lost.","tags":["camping","survival","outdoors","hiking"],"frontLabel":"Question","backLabel":"Answer","cards":[["Leave No Trace","Principles for caring for the outdoors: take out what you bring in"],["Rule of 3 in survival","About 3 minutes without air, 3 hours without shelter in harsh weather, 3 days without water, 3 weeks without food"],["If you get lost","S.T.O.P.: Stop, Think, Observe, Plan"],["What to do when lost","Stay where you are, make yourself visible and wait for help"],["Whistle signal for help","Three blasts"],["Universal distress signal","Three of anything: three whistles, three fires, three flashes"],["Signal mirror","A mirror that flashes sunlight to get attention"],["Bright clothing","Helps rescuers spot you"],["Tell someone your plan","Always say where you're going and when you'll return"],["Buddy system","Never hike alone"],["Ten Essentials","Navigation, sun protection, insulation, light, first aid, fire, repair tools, food, water, shelter"],["Compass","A tool with a needle that points to magnetic north"],["Map","A drawing of the land showing trails and features"],["Topographic map","A map using contour lines to show hills and valleys"],["Contour lines close together mean","A steep slope"],["Blaze","A painted mark on a tree showing a trail"],["Trail marker (cairn)","A pile of stones that marks the path"],["Stay on the trail","Protects you and the plants around it"],["Tent","A fabric shelter for sleeping outdoors"],["Rainfly","A waterproof cover over a tent"],["Tent stakes","Pegs that hold a tent to the ground"],["Footprint (groundsheet)","A tarp under the tent to protect the floor"],["Sleeping bag","An insulated bag for sleeping outdoors"],["Sleeping pad","A cushion that insulates you from the cold ground"],["Backpack","A bag worn on the back to carry gear"],["Headlamp","A flashlight worn on the head"],["Pocketknife","A tool to use only with adult permission and care"],["Campsite choice","Flat, dry ground, away from dead trees and flood zones"],["Widowmaker","A dead branch that could fall"],["Campfire safety","Use a fire ring, keep water nearby and never leave it"],["Put the fire out","Drown, stir and feel it with the back of your hand until it's cold"],["Fire triangle","Fire needs heat, fuel and oxygen"],["Tinder","Small dry material that catches fire easily, like dry grass"],["Kindling","Small sticks that burn after tinder"],["Fuel wood","Larger logs that keep a fire burning"],["Fire safety distance","Keep tents and gear far from the fire"],["Camp stove","A small portable stove for cooking"],["Water purification","Boil, filter or treat water before drinking"],["Boil water to purify","Rolling boil for at least 1 minute"],["Never drink from streams without treating","They can have germs, even when clear"],["Water per person per day","About 2 to 3 liters while hiking"],["Hypothermia","Dangerous drop in body temperature"],["Dress in layers","Base layer, insulating layer, waterproof layer"],["Cotton kills","Cotton stays wet and chills you in cold weather"],["Heat exhaustion","Overheating from too much heat; rest and drink"],["Sunburn prevention","Sunscreen, hat and long sleeves"],["Bear safety","Store food away from your tent; never feed wildlife"],["Bear canister","A hard container that bears cannot open"],["Food storage","Hang or lock up food and scented items away from where you sleep"],["Insect repellent","Spray that keeps bugs away"],["Tick check","Look for ticks on your body after hiking"],["Poison ivy rhyme","Leaves of three, let it be"],["Lightning in the outdoors","Move to a low area away from tall trees and water"],["Flash flood","Never camp in dry streambeds in storms"],["Shelter from rain in the woods","Use a tarp or hang a rain jacket, stay dry"],["Lean-to","A simple shelter with a slanted roof"],["Fire starter","Tools like waterproof matches, lighter or ferro rod"],["Ferro rod","A metal rod that throws sparks when scraped"],["Emergency blanket","A thin reflective sheet that traps body heat"],["Trail mix","A snack mix of nuts, seeds and dried fruit"],["Latrine rule (leave no trace)","Dig a hole 6 to 8 inches deep, at least 200 feet from water"],["Pack it in, pack it out","Carry your trash home with you"],["North Star (Polaris)","Shows north in the night sky, found with the Big Dipper"],["Sun direction","Rises in the east and sets in the west"],["Moss on trees","Not a reliable way to find north"],["Orienteering","A sport of navigating with map and compass"],["S.O.S.","A distress signal"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/careers-and-work-vocabulary","id":"careers-and-work-vocabulary","title":"Careers and Work Vocabulary","category":"health-life","subject":"Careers","levels":["3-5","6-8","9-12","adult"],"description":"Jobs, what workers do and words about work and getting hired.","tags":["careers","jobs","work","resume"],"frontLabel":"Term","backLabel":"Meaning","cards":[["Career","The work you do over many years of your life"],["Job","A position where you do work for pay"],["Occupation","Another word for a job or type of work"],["Profession","A career that needs special training, like doctor or lawyer"],["Employer","A person or business that hires workers"],["Employee","A person who works for an employer"],["Boss (supervisor)","A person who directs workers"],["Coworker","A person you work with"],["Volunteer","A person who works without pay to help others"],["Intern","A learner who works temporarily to get experience"],["Apprentice","A person who learns a trade by working with an expert"],["Entrepreneur","A person who starts a business"],["Freelancer","A person who works for themselves, project by project"],["Self-employed","Working for yourself"],["Full-time","Working a standard number of hours each week, usually about 40"],["Part-time","Working fewer hours than full-time"],["Shift","A set work period, like the night shift"],["Salary","Fixed yearly pay"],["Hourly wage","Pay for each hour worked"],["Overtime","Extra pay for working more than the standard hours"],["Benefits","Extras from a job, such as health insurance and paid time off"],["Paycheck","Payment for work"],["Resume","A short document listing your education, skills and experience"],["Cover letter","A letter explaining why you're a good fit for a job"],["Application","A form asking for information to apply for a job"],["Interview","A meeting to decide if someone fits a job"],["References","People who can speak about your skills and character"],["Skills","Things you can do well"],["Soft skills","People skills like teamwork, listening and communication"],["Hard skills","Technical skills like coding or welding"],["Networking","Meeting people who can help your career"],["Mentor","An experienced person who guides you"],["Promotion","Moving to a higher position"],["Raise","An increase in pay"],["Resignation","Quitting a job"],["Retirement","The time of life after your working career"],["Union","A group of workers who bargain together"],["Teamwork","Working well with others"],["Work ethic","A strong sense of responsibility and effort at work"],["Punctual","Arriving on time"],["Professionalism","Acting responsibly and respectfully at work"],["Dress code","Rules about what to wear at work"],["Teacher","Helps students learn"],["Doctor","Diagnoses and treats illness"],["Nurse","Cares for patients and helps doctors"],["Dentist","Cares for teeth"],["Veterinarian","Doctor who treats animals"],["Firefighter","Puts out fires and rescues people"],["Police officer","Enforces laws and keeps people safe"],["Paramedic (EMT)","Gives emergency medical care"],["Pilot","Flies airplanes"],["Engineer","Designs and builds machines, structures or systems"],["Architect","Designs buildings"],["Carpenter","Builds with wood"],["Electrician","Installs and repairs electrical systems"],["Plumber","Installs and repairs pipes"],["Mechanic","Repairs vehicles and machines"],["Welder","Joins metal with heat"],["Farmer","Grows crops or raises animals"],["Chef","Professional cook"],["Baker","Makes bread and pastries"],["Librarian","Helps people find information and manages libraries"],["Scientist","Studies the world through research"],["Software developer","Writes computer programs"],["Data analyst","Studies data to find patterns"],["Accountant","Keeps track of money and taxes"],["Lawyer","Gives legal advice and represents clients"],["Judge","Decides legal cases in court"],["Journalist","Researches and reports news"],["Graphic designer","Creates visual designs"],["Musician","Plays or composes music"],["Actor","Performs roles in plays or films"],["Athlete","Competes in sports"],["Counselor","Helps people with problems and decisions"],["Social worker","Helps people and families in need"],["Pharmacist","Prepares and gives out medicine"],["Physical therapist","Helps people recover movement after injury"],["Park ranger","Protects parks and teaches visitors"],["Marine biologist","Studies sea life"],["Astronaut","Travels and works in space"],["Interests, skills and values","Three things to think about when choosing a career"],["Career cluster","A group of related jobs, like Health Science"],["Trade school","A school that teaches skilled trades"],["Community college","A two-year college"],["Degree","Award for completing college studies"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/cooking-measurement-conversions","id":"cooking-measurement-conversions","title":"Cooking Measurement Conversions","category":"health-life","subject":"Cooking","levels":["3-5","6-8","9-12","adult"],"description":"US kitchen measures, metric equivalents and oven temperatures.","tags":["measurement","conversions","cooking","baking"],"frontLabel":"Question","backLabel":"Answer","cards":[["3 teaspoons equals","1 tablespoon"],["1 tablespoon equals how many teaspoons?","3"],["2 tablespoons equals","1 fluid ounce"],["4 tablespoons equals","1/4 cup"],["5 tablespoons plus 1 teaspoon equals","1/3 cup"],["8 tablespoons equals","1/2 cup"],["16 tablespoons equals","1 cup"],["1 cup equals how many fluid ounces?","8"],["1 cup equals how many tablespoons?","16"],["2 cups equals","1 pint"],["2 pints equals","1 quart"],["4 cups equals","1 quart"],["4 quarts equals","1 gallon"],["16 cups equals","1 gallon"],["1 gallon equals how many pints?","8"],["1 pint equals how many fluid ounces?","16"],["1 quart equals how many fluid ounces?","32"],["1 gallon equals how many fluid ounces?","128"],["1/2 cup equals how many tablespoons?","8"],["1/3 cup equals how many tablespoons?","5 and 1/3"],["1/4 cup equals how many tablespoons?","4"],["3/4 cup equals how many tablespoons?","12"],["1/8 cup equals how many tablespoons?","2"],["1 stick of butter equals","1/2 cup, 8 tablespoons or 4 ounces"],["2 sticks of butter equals","1 cup"],["16 ounces equals","1 pound"],["1 pound of butter equals","4 sticks, or 2 cups"],["1 pound equals how many grams (about)?","454 grams"],["1 ounce equals how many grams (about)?","28 grams"],["1 kilogram equals how many pounds (about)?","2.2 pounds"],["1 teaspoon equals how many milliliters (about)?","5 milliliters"],["1 tablespoon equals how many milliliters (about)?","15 milliliters"],["1 cup equals how many milliliters (about)?","240 milliliters"],["1 liter equals how many cups (about)?","4.2 cups"],["1 quart equals how many liters (about)?","0.95 liters"],["1 fluid ounce equals how many milliliters (about)?","30 milliliters"],["1 gallon equals how many liters (about)?","3.8 liters"],["Water freezes at","32 degrees Fahrenheit or 0 degrees Celsius"],["Water boils at sea level at","212 degrees Fahrenheit or 100 degrees Celsius"],["Celsius to Fahrenheit formula","Multiply by 9/5 and add 32"],["Fahrenheit to Celsius formula","Subtract 32 and multiply by 5/9"],["350 degrees Fahrenheit equals about","175 degrees Celsius"],["400 degrees Fahrenheit equals about","200 degrees Celsius"],["425 degrees Fahrenheit equals about","220 degrees Celsius"],["325 degrees Fahrenheit equals about","165 degrees Celsius"],["300 degrees Fahrenheit equals about","150 degrees Celsius"],["375 degrees Fahrenheit equals about","190 degrees Celsius"],["Moderate oven temperature","350 degrees Fahrenheit"],["Hot oven temperature","400 to 450 degrees Fahrenheit"],["Slow oven temperature","300 to 325 degrees Fahrenheit"],["Double a recipe that uses 1/2 cup","1 cup"],["Halve a recipe that uses 1 cup","1/2 cup"],["Halve 1 tablespoon","1 1/2 teaspoons"],["Halve 1/4 cup","2 tablespoons"],["Triple 1/3 cup","1 cup"],["Dry measuring cups","Level off the top with a straight edge"],["Liquid measuring cup","Use a cup with a spout; read at eye level"],["Packed brown sugar","Press firmly into the measuring cup"],["Flour measuring tip","Spoon into the cup and level; don't scoop and pack"],["Weight of 1 cup of all-purpose flour (about)","120 to 125 grams"],["Weight of 1 cup of granulated sugar (about)","200 grams"],["Dozen","12"],["Baker's dozen","13"],["Gill","A very old unit, 4 fluid ounces in the US"],["Imperial pint (UK)","20 UK fluid ounces, bigger than a US pint"],["Pinch","About 1/16 teaspoon"],["Dash","About 1/8 teaspoon"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/cooking-terms","id":"cooking-terms","title":"Cooking Terms","category":"health-life","subject":"Cooking","levels":["6-8","9-12","adult"],"description":"Techniques, cuts and kitchen words used in recipes.","tags":["cooking","recipes","kitchen"],"frontLabel":"Term","backLabel":"Meaning","cards":[["Sauté","Cook quickly in a small amount of fat over fairly high heat"],["Simmer","Cook gently in liquid just below boiling, with small bubbles"],["Boil","Heat liquid until it bubbles rapidly"],["Poach","Cook gently in barely simmering liquid"],["Steam","Cook with hot vapor from boiling water"],["Blanch","Boil briefly then cool in ice water"],["Braise","Brown then cook slowly in a covered pot with liquid"],["Roast","Cook in the oven with dry heat"],["Bake","Cook food in the oven"],["Broil","Cook with strong heat from above"],["Grill","Cook over direct heat on an open grate"],["Sear","Brown the surface of food quickly over high heat"],["Fry","Cook in hot fat"],["Deep fry","Cook while completely covered in hot oil"],["Stir-fry","Cook small pieces quickly in a hot pan while stirring"],["Pan-fry","Cook in a shallow layer of fat"],["Saute pan","A wide pan with straight sides"],["Reduce","Boil a liquid until some evaporates and it thickens"],["Deglaze","Add liquid to a hot pan to loosen browned bits"],["Marinate","Soak food in a flavorful liquid before cooking"],["Baste","Spoon juices or fat over food while it cooks"],["Caramelize","Cook sugar or onions until they turn brown and sweet"],["Dice","Cut into small even cubes"],["Mince","Chop into very tiny pieces"],["Chop","Cut into pieces of no set size"],["Slice","Cut into thin flat pieces"],["Julienne","Cut into thin matchstick strips"],["Chiffonade","Cut leafy herbs into thin ribbons"],["Grate","Rub food on a grater to make small shreds"],["Zest","The thin colored outer skin of citrus"],["Peel","Remove the outer skin"],["Core","Remove the center of a fruit"],["Mash","Crush food until soft"],["Puree","Blend food until completely smooth"],["Whisk","Beat quickly with a wire tool to mix or add air"],["Whip","Beat to add air and make light and fluffy"],["Beat","Mix vigorously with a spoon or mixer"],["Cream","Beat butter and sugar until light and fluffy"],["Fold","Gently mix a light mixture into a heavier one without losing air"],["Knead","Press and stretch dough with your hands"],["Proof","Let yeast dough rise"],["Cut in","Work cold fat into flour with a pastry cutter or knives"],["Sift","Pass dry ingredients through a sieve to remove lumps"],["Strain","Separate liquid from solids with a sieve"],["Drain","Pour off liquid"],["Season","Add salt, pepper or spices to improve flavor"],["Garnish","A decoration added to a dish"],["Mise en place","Having all ingredients prepped and ready before cooking","meez on plahs"],["Preheat","Heat the oven to the right temperature before baking"],["Rest (meat)","Let cooked meat sit so juices spread through"],["Al dente","Pasta cooked to be firm when bitten","Italian: to the tooth"],["Roux","A cooked mix of flour and fat used to thicken sauces"],["Emulsion","A smooth mix of liquids that don't normally mix, like oil and vinegar"],["Stock","A flavorful liquid made by simmering bones or vegetables"],["Broth","A seasoned liquid made by simmering meat or vegetables"],["Glaze","A shiny coating on food"],["Dredge","Coat food lightly in flour or crumbs"],["Batter","A thin mixture of flour and liquid"],["Dough","A thick mixture of flour and liquid that can be shaped"],["Leavening","Something that makes baked goods rise, like yeast or baking powder"],["Yeast","Living organism that makes bread dough rise"],["Baking soda vs baking powder","Soda needs an acid to work; powder already contains one"],["Tablespoon abbreviation","Tbsp"],["Teaspoon abbreviation","tsp"],["Pinch","About one-sixteenth of a teaspoon, what you can hold between two fingers"],["Dash","A very small amount, less than a teaspoon"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/driving-road-signs","id":"driving-road-signs","title":"Road Signs for the Driving Permit Test","category":"health-life","subject":"Driving","levels":["9-12","adult"],"description":"US road sign shapes, colors and meanings for a learner's permit test.","tags":["driving","road signs","permit","DMV"],"frontLabel":"Sign","backLabel":"Meaning","cards":[["Octagon, red","Stop"],["Triangle pointing down, red and white","Yield"],["Diamond, yellow","Warning of a hazard ahead"],["Circle, yellow","Railroad crossing ahead"],["Pentagon, yellow-green","School zone or school crossing"],["Rectangle, white with black","Regulatory sign, such as speed limit"],["Rectangle, green","Guide sign: directions, distances"],["Rectangle, blue","Motorist services: gas, food, lodging, hospital"],["Rectangle, brown","Parks and recreation areas"],["Diamond or rectangle, orange","Construction or work zone"],["Rectangle, yellow-green with person","Pedestrian crossing"],["Pennant, yellow","No passing zone"],["Circle with a red slash","Prohibits the action shown"],["Red circle with white bar","Do not enter"],["Wrong way sign","You are going the wrong way; stop and turn around"],["Crossbuck (X sign)","Railroad crossing; yield to trains"],["Speed limit sign","The maximum legal speed in ideal conditions"],["Minimum speed sign","The slowest speed allowed"],["One way sign","Traffic goes only in the direction of the arrow"],["Keep right sign","Stay on the right side of an obstacle"],["Divided highway sign","Road ahead has a median dividing traffic"],["Merge sign","Lanes join; traffic from another lane merges into yours"],["Lane ends sign","Your lane will end soon; merge"],["Curve ahead sign","A curve in the road"],["Winding road sign","Several curves in a row"],["Sharp turn sign","A very tight curve"],["Reverse curve sign","Two curves in opposite directions"],["Slippery when wet sign","Road may be slick when wet"],["Stop ahead sign","A stop sign is coming"],["Signal ahead sign","A traffic light is coming"],["Yield ahead sign","A yield sign is coming"],["Cross road sign","An intersection is ahead"],["T-intersection sign","The road ends ahead with a left or right turn"],["Y-intersection sign","The road splits ahead"],["Roundabout sign","A circular intersection ahead; yield to traffic inside"],["Deer crossing sign","Deer may cross the road"],["Falling rocks sign","Rocks may fall on the road"],["Steep hill sign","A steep downgrade; shift to lower gear"],["Truck crossing sign","Trucks entering or crossing"],["Bump sign","Rough spot or bump in the road"],["Dip sign","Low place in the road where water can collect"],["Road narrows sign","The road becomes narrower"],["Two-way traffic sign","You are leaving a one-way section"],["No U-turn sign","U-turns are not allowed"],["No left turn sign","Left turns are not allowed"],["No right turn sign","Right turns are not allowed"],["No parking sign","Parking is not allowed"],["No passing zone sign","Do not pass other vehicles"],["Pass with care sign","You may pass if safe"],["Do not pass sign","Passing is prohibited"],["Handicapped parking sign","Parking only for permitted vehicles"],["Hospital sign (blue H)","Hospital services nearby"],["Rest area sign","Place to rest, with restrooms"],["Detour sign","Follow this route around a closed road"],["Road closed sign","The road is closed to traffic"],["Flagger ahead sign","A worker will direct traffic"],["Slow-moving vehicle triangle","Orange triangle on slow machines like tractors"],["Yield to pedestrians sign","Let people crossing go first"],["Railroad advance warning","Yellow round sign, a train crossing is ahead"],["Light rail sign","Trains and trolleys cross"],["Interstate shield","Blue and red shield for a US interstate highway"],["US route shield","White shield with black number"],["State route sign","Usually a shape particular to the state"],["Even-numbered interstates run","East-west"],["Odd-numbered interstates run","North-south"],["Solid yellow line","Do not pass"],["Broken yellow line","You may pass if safe"],["Double solid yellow","Do not pass in either direction"],["White lines","Separate traffic going the same direction"],["Yellow lines","Separate traffic going opposite directions"],["Solid white line","Discourages lane changes"],["Stop line","Where to stop at an intersection"],["HOV lane","Reserved for vehicles with more than one person"],["Green light","Go if the intersection is clear"],["Flashing red light","Treat as a stop sign"],["Flashing yellow light","Slow down and proceed with caution"],["Red arrow","Do not turn in that direction"],["Green arrow","You may go in that direction; protected turn"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/driving-rules-of-the-road","id":"driving-rules-of-the-road","title":"Rules of the Road","category":"health-life","subject":"Driving","levels":["9-12","adult"],"description":"General US driving rules for permit tests. Exact numbers vary by state, so check your state's driver manual.","tags":["driving","permit","traffic rules","safety"],"frontLabel":"Question","backLabel":"Answer","cards":[["Right of way","Who is allowed to go first"],["Four-way stop: who goes first?","The vehicle that arrived first; if tied, the one on the right"],["Uncontrolled intersection","Yield to vehicles already in the intersection and to the one on your right"],["Turning left at an intersection","Yield to oncoming traffic"],["Roundabout rule","Yield to traffic already in the circle, and enter to the right"],["Emergency vehicle with siren behind you","Pull to the right edge and stop"],["Funeral procession","Yield, do not cut in"],["School bus with flashing red lights and stop arm","Stop; wait until it moves"],["Pedestrians in a crosswalk","Always yield"],["White cane or guide dog","Pedestrian is blind; yield and stop"],["Following distance rule","At least 3 seconds behind the car ahead"],["Three-second rule","Pick a fixed object; you should pass it 3 seconds after the car ahead"],["Following distance in bad weather","Increase to 4 or more seconds"],["Blind spot","An area around your car you can't see in mirrors"],["Checking blind spots","Turn your head and look over your shoulder"],["Signal before turning","Signal at least 100 feet before the turn in many states"],["Use the turn signal before changing lanes","Always"],["Seat belt law","Driver and passengers must wear seat belts"],["Children in cars","Use child restraints suited to height, weight and age"],["Texting while driving","Illegal in most states and extremely dangerous"],["Distracted driving","Anything that takes your eyes, hands or mind off driving"],["Drunk driving","Never drive impaired by alcohol or drugs"],["BAC limit for adults 21 and over","0.08 percent in all states except Utah (0.05)"],["Zero tolerance for drivers under 21","Any alcohol can lead to a loss of license"],["Drowsy driving","Pull over and rest when tired"],["Speed limit","Maximum legal speed under good conditions"],["Basic speed law","Never drive faster than is safe for conditions"],["Slow down in rain","Roads are slippery, especially in the first minutes of rain"],["Hydroplaning","Tires lose grip on a thin layer of water"],["If your car hydroplanes","Ease off the gas, steer straight, don't slam the brakes"],["Skidding on ice","Ease off the gas and steer gently in the direction you want to go"],["Fog driving","Use low beams and slow down"],["High beams","Use at night in open areas, dim for oncoming cars within 500 feet"],["Headlights on when","From sunset to sunrise and whenever you use wipers in many states"],["Parking uphill with a curb","Turn wheels away from the curb"],["Parking downhill","Turn wheels toward the curb"],["Parallel parking distance from the curb","No more than 12 inches in many states"],["Parking near a fire hydrant","Not allowed, usually within 15 feet"],["Parking in front of a crosswalk","Not allowed"],["Passing on the left","Pass only where permitted and when the road is clear"],["Never pass on","Hills, curves, bridges or railroad crossings"],["Merging","Match the speed of traffic and find a gap"],["Exiting a highway","Signal and move into the exit lane early"],["Slow-moving traffic on the highway","Stay in the right lane"],["Railroad crossing with no gates","Slow down, look both ways and listen"],["Never stop on the tracks","Keep going or wait before the crossing"],["Stopping distance","Reaction distance plus braking distance"],["Reaction time","About three-quarters of a second to react"],["Braking distance increases","With speed; double speed means about four times the braking distance"],["ABS brakes","Anti-lock brakes that prevent wheels from locking; press firmly and hold"],["Tailgating","Following too closely"],["Road rage","Angry, aggressive driving; stay calm and don't engage"],["If you're in a crash","Stop, check for injuries, call 911, exchange information"],["Hit-and-run","Leaving the scene of a crash, which is a crime"],["Documents to carry","License, registration, proof of insurance"],["Learner's permit","Lets new drivers practice with a licensed adult"],["Graduated driver licensing (GDL)","System that adds privileges in stages for new teen drivers"],["Insurance","Required by law in nearly all states"],["Check your car","Look at tires, lights and mirrors before driving"],["Adjust mirrors and seat","Before you start driving"],["Hands on steering wheel","9 and 3 or 8 and 4 positions"],["Turning wheel when backing","Look behind you and move slowly"],["Three-point turn","Turn around on a narrow street using three moves"],["U-turn","Allowed only where signs and laws permit"],["Right turn on red","Allowed after stopping unless a sign prohibits it"],["Left turn on red","Allowed in some states only from a one-way street to a one-way street"],["Move over law","Slow down and change lanes for stopped emergency vehicles"],["Yielding to buses","Often required when a bus signals to pull out"],["Motorcycles","Give them a full lane and check mirrors twice"],["Bicycles","Give at least 3 feet when passing in many states"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/feelings-and-emotions","id":"feelings-and-emotions","title":"Feelings and Emotions Words","category":"health-life","subject":"Social-Emotional Learning","levels":["k-2","3-5","6-8"],"description":"Words for feelings, what they mean and healthy ways to handle them.","tags":["emotions","feelings","SEL","vocabulary"],"frontLabel":"Word","backLabel":"Meaning","cards":[["Happy","Feeling joy and pleasure"],["Sad","Feeling unhappy or down"],["Angry","Feeling strongly upset because of something unfair or frustrating"],["Scared","Feeling afraid"],["Surprised","Feeling startled by something unexpected"],["Disgusted","Feeling that something is yucky or wrong"],["Excited","Feeling very eager and full of energy"],["Calm","Feeling peaceful and relaxed"],["Proud","Feeling good about something you or others did"],["Embarrassed","Feeling awkward or ashamed in front of others"],["Jealous","Wanting something another person has"],["Lonely","Feeling alone and wanting company"],["Nervous","Feeling worried about something that may happen"],["Anxious","Feeling worried or uneasy, often about the future"],["Frustrated","Feeling upset when something is hard or won't work"],["Disappointed","Feeling sad when something did not turn out as hoped"],["Grateful","Feeling thankful"],["Hopeful","Feeling that good things can happen"],["Confident","Feeling sure of yourself"],["Curious","Wanting to learn or find out"],["Bored","Feeling uninterested because there is nothing to do"],["Confused","Not understanding something"],["Guilty","Feeling bad because you think you did something wrong"],["Shy","Feeling nervous around people"],["Cheerful","Happy and bright"],["Furious","Extremely angry"],["Terrified","Extremely scared"],["Thrilled","Extremely excited and happy"],["Content","Quietly satisfied and happy"],["Overwhelmed","Feeling like there is too much to handle"],["Stressed","Feeling pressure or tension"],["Worried","Thinking about bad things that might happen"],["Insecure","Not feeling sure about yourself"],["Grumpy","Feeling cranky and in a bad mood"],["Irritated","Slightly angry or annoyed"],["Hurt","Feeling emotionally or physically pained"],["Compassion","Caring about another person's suffering and wanting to help"],["Empathy","Understanding and sharing another person's feelings"],["Sympathy","Feeling sorry for someone's trouble"],["Kindness","Being friendly and caring"],["Resilience","Bouncing back after something hard"],["Self-control","Managing your actions and feelings"],["Perseverance","Not giving up when it is hard"],["Patience","Waiting calmly"],["Respect","Treating others with care and fairness"],["Responsibility","Doing what you should do and owning your choices"],["Honesty","Telling the truth"],["Courage","Doing something even when you feel afraid"],["Apology","Saying you're sorry and meaning it"],["Forgiveness","Letting go of anger toward someone who hurt you"],["Emotion","A strong feeling"],["Mood","How you feel over a longer time"],["Trigger","Something that sets off a strong feeling"],["Coping skill","A way to handle hard feelings"],["Deep breathing","Slow breaths in and out to help calm down"],["Talk it out","Tell a trusted person how you feel"],["Take a break","Step away from a stressful situation to calm down"],["Count to ten","A way to pause before reacting"],["I-statement","Saying how you feel: 'I feel ___ when ___.'"],["Conflict resolution","Solving a disagreement peacefully"],["Compromise","Each side gives up something to agree"],["Body clues for anger","Hot face, tight fists, fast heartbeat"],["Body clues for nervousness","Butterflies in stomach, sweaty palms"],["Feelings are never wrong","It's okay to feel anything; what you do about it matters"],["Growth mindset","Believing you can improve with effort"],["Fixed mindset","Believing abilities cannot change"],["Bullying","Repeated unkind actions meant to hurt someone"],["Peer pressure","Feeling pushed by others your age to do something"],["Assertive","Standing up for yourself in a calm, respectful way"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/finance-credit-and-loans","id":"finance-credit-and-loans","title":"Credit, Loans and Interest","category":"health-life","subject":"Personal Finance","levels":["9-12","college","adult"],"description":"Credit scores, cards, loans, insurance and taxes explained.","tags":["credit","loans","debt","insurance"],"frontLabel":"Term","backLabel":"Meaning","cards":[["Credit","Borrowing money or buying now and paying later"],["Debt","Money you owe"],["Loan","Money borrowed that must be paid back, usually with interest"],["Lender","A person or business that gives a loan"],["Borrower","The person who receives the loan"],["Credit card","A card that lets you borrow money to buy things and pay later"],["Credit limit","The most you can borrow on a card"],["Minimum payment","The smallest amount you must pay each month"],["Statement","A monthly summary of your card or account activity"],["Due date","The day a payment must be made by"],["Late fee","A charge for paying after the due date"],["APR","Annual percentage rate, the yearly cost of borrowing"],["Grace period","Time to pay a card balance without being charged interest"],["Balance (credit card)","The amount you currently owe"],["Paying in full","Paying the whole statement balance so no interest is charged"],["Credit score","A number that shows how reliably you pay back debts"],["Credit score range (FICO)","300 to 850"],["What helps a credit score","Paying on time and keeping balances low"],["What hurts a credit score","Missed payments and maxing out cards"],["Credit report","A record of your borrowing and payment history"],["Credit bureau","A company that collects credit reports; Equifax, Experian, TransUnion"],["Utilization","The share of your credit limit you're using"],["Good rule for credit utilization","Stay below about 30 percent"],["Secured credit card","A card backed by a cash deposit"],["Cosigner","A person who promises to pay if the borrower doesn't"],["Collateral","Property pledged to a lender if a loan isn't paid"],["Mortgage","A loan to buy a home"],["Down payment","Money paid upfront when buying something expensive"],["Auto loan","A loan to buy a car"],["Student loan","A loan to pay for school"],["Payday loan","A very high-cost, short-term loan that is risky"],["Interest rate","The percent charged for borrowing"],["Fixed rate","An interest rate that stays the same"],["Variable rate","An interest rate that can change"],["Term (loan)","How long you have to repay"],["Amortization","Paying off a loan in regular payments over time"],["Default","Failing to repay a loan"],["Bankruptcy","A legal process when someone cannot pay their debts"],["Repossession","A lender taking property when a loan isn't repaid"],["Debt snowball","Paying off the smallest debt first"],["Debt avalanche","Paying off the highest-interest debt first"],["Identity theft","Someone using your personal information without permission"],["Credit freeze","A lock on your credit file to block new accounts"],["Insurance","Paying a fee so a company covers big costs if something bad happens"],["Premium","The regular payment for insurance"],["Deductible","The amount you pay before insurance pays"],["Health insurance","Coverage for medical costs"],["Auto insurance","Coverage for car accidents and damage"],["Renters insurance","Coverage for belongings in a rented home"],["Life insurance","A payment to family after someone dies"],["Warranty","A promise that a company will repair or replace a faulty product"],["Social Security number","A nine-digit US number used for work and taxes; keep it private"],["W-2","A form from an employer showing yearly pay and taxes withheld"],["W-4","A form telling an employer how much tax to withhold"],["Tax return","A form reporting your income and taxes to the government"],["Tax refund","Money returned when you paid too much in taxes"],["401(k)","A US employer retirement savings plan"],["IRA","Individual retirement account"],["Roth IRA","A retirement account with taxed deposits and tax-free growth"],["Employer match","Money an employer adds to your retirement savings"],["FDIC","US agency that insures bank deposits, up to $250,000 per depositor per bank"],["Rule of 72","Divide 72 by the interest rate to estimate years to double money"],["Compound growth example","$100 at 7% roughly doubles in about 10 years"],["Overdraft","Spending more than your account holds"],["Overdraft fee","A charge for overdrawing an account"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/finance-money-basics","id":"finance-money-basics","title":"Money and Budgeting Basics","category":"health-life","subject":"Personal Finance","levels":["3-5","6-8","9-12","adult"],"description":"Earning, saving, spending, budgeting and everyday money words.","tags":["money","budget","saving","personal finance"],"frontLabel":"Term","backLabel":"Meaning","cards":[["Income","Money you earn or receive"],["Expense","Money you spend"],["Budget","A plan for how to spend and save money"],["Needs","Things you must have, like food, shelter and clothing"],["Wants","Things you would like but can live without"],["Saving","Setting money aside for later"],["Spending","Using money to buy things"],["Earning","Getting money for work"],["Allowance","Money children receive regularly from a family"],["Wage","Money paid for work, often by the hour"],["Salary","A fixed yearly payment for a job"],["Tip","Extra money given to thank someone for service"],["Gross pay","Pay before taxes are taken out"],["Net pay (take-home pay)","Pay after taxes and deductions"],["Tax","Money people pay to the government for public services"],["Income tax","Tax on money you earn"],["Sales tax","Tax added to things you buy"],["Deduction","An amount subtracted from pay"],["Bank","A business that holds and lends money"],["Credit union","A not-for-profit financial cooperative owned by members"],["Savings account","An account that holds money and pays interest"],["Checking account","An account for everyday spending with checks or a debit card"],["Deposit","Money put into an account"],["Withdrawal","Money taken out of an account"],["Balance","The amount of money in an account"],["Debit card","A card that takes money directly from your bank account"],["ATM","Machine to withdraw cash or make deposits"],["PIN","Personal identification number, a secret code for a card"],["Cash","Coins and paper money"],["Check","A written order for the bank to pay money"],["Interest","Money paid for using money, earned on savings or paid on loans"],["Compound interest","Interest earned on both the money and past interest"],["Simple interest","Interest calculated only on the original amount"],["Principal","The original amount of money borrowed or invested"],["Goal setting","Deciding what you want to save for"],["Short-term goal","A goal you can reach soon"],["Long-term goal","A goal that takes many years"],["Emergency fund","Money saved for unexpected costs"],["Pay yourself first","Saving some money before spending the rest"],["Save, spend, share","Three jobs for money: keep some, use some, give some"],["Donation","Money or goods given to help others"],["Charity","An organization that helps people in need"],["Opportunity cost","What you give up when you choose one thing over another"],["Trade-off","Giving up one thing to get another"],["Price","The amount of money a good or service costs"],["Value","What something is worth to you"],["Unit price","The price per single unit, like per ounce"],["Comparison shopping","Checking prices at several places before buying"],["Coupon","A voucher for a discount"],["Sale","A time when items are priced lower"],["Impulse buying","Buying without planning"],["Advertising","Messages that try to persuade you to buy"],["Profit","Money left after costs are subtracted from earnings"],["Entrepreneur","A person who starts a business"],["Supply","How much of something is available"],["Demand","How much people want something"],["Inflation","A general rise in prices over time"],["Investing","Putting money into something hoping it grows"],["Stock","A small share of ownership in a company"],["Bond","A loan to a company or government that pays interest"],["Mutual fund","A mix of many investments pooled together"],["Diversification","Spreading money across different investments to lower risk"],["Retirement","The time of life after stopping regular work"],["Net worth","What you own minus what you owe"],["Asset","Something valuable that you own"],["Liability","Something you owe"],["50/30/20 rule","About 50% needs, 30% wants, 20% savings"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/fitness-exercises-and-terms","id":"fitness-exercises-and-terms","title":"Exercises and Fitness Terms","category":"health-life","subject":"Fitness","levels":["3-5","6-8","9-12","adult"],"description":"Names of common exercises, what they train and basic fitness words.","tags":["fitness","exercise","PE"],"frontLabel":"Term","backLabel":"Meaning","cards":[["Push-up","Lower and raise your body with your arms; works chest, shoulders and arms"],["Sit-up","Lie on your back and lift your upper body toward your knees; works abs"],["Crunch","A small curl of the upper body that works the abs"],["Plank","Hold a straight body position on forearms and toes; works the core"],["Squat","Bend your knees and lower hips as if sitting; works legs and glutes"],["Lunge","Step forward and bend both knees; works legs"],["Jumping jack","Jump while spreading legs and raising arms overhead; full-body cardio"],["Burpee","Squat, kick back to a plank, jump up; full-body"],["Mountain climber","From a plank, run knees toward chest; cardio and core"],["High knees","Run in place lifting knees high"],["Butt kicks","Jog in place kicking heels toward your seat"],["Wall sit","Hold a sitting position against a wall"],["Pull-up","Pull your chin over a bar; works back and arms"],["Chin-up","A pull-up with palms facing you"],["Dip","Lower and raise your body between parallel bars; works triceps"],["Calf raise","Rise onto the toes; works calves"],["Glute bridge","Lie on your back and lift hips; works glutes"],["Bicycle crunch","Opposite elbow to knee while pedaling the legs"],["Leg raise","Lift straight legs while lying; works lower abs"],["Superman","Lie on your stomach and lift arms and legs; works back"],["Bear crawl","Walk on hands and feet with knees off the ground"],["Crab walk","Walk on hands and feet with belly up"],["Skipping rope (jump rope)","Cardio exercise jumping over a rope"],["Stretching","Gently lengthening muscles to improve flexibility"],["Static stretch","Holding a stretch still"],["Dynamic stretch","Stretching while moving"],["Warm-up","Easy exercise to prepare the body"],["Cool-down","Easy exercise to bring heart rate down"],["Cardiovascular endurance","How long the heart and lungs can work"],["Muscular strength","How much force a muscle can make"],["Muscular endurance","How long a muscle can keep working"],["Flexibility","How far a joint can move"],["Body composition","The mix of fat, muscle and bone in the body"],["Balance","Ability to stay steady"],["Agility","Ability to change direction quickly"],["Coordination","Moving different body parts smoothly together"],["Speed","How fast you can move"],["Power","Strength combined with speed"],["Reaction time","How quickly you respond to a signal"],["Aerobic exercise","Exercise that uses oxygen over a long time, like jogging"],["Anaerobic exercise","Short bursts of intense exercise, like sprinting"],["Resting heart rate","Heartbeats per minute at rest"],["Target heart rate","The heart rate to aim for during exercise"],["Pulse","The beat felt in an artery as the heart pumps"],["Reps","Short for repetitions; how many times you do an exercise"],["Set","A group of repetitions"],["Interval training","Alternating hard effort and rest"],["Circuit training","Moving between exercise stations"],["Core","The muscles of the abdomen, back and hips"],["Biceps","Muscle on the front of the upper arm"],["Triceps","Muscle on the back of the upper arm"],["Quadriceps","Muscles on the front of the thigh"],["Hamstrings","Muscles on the back of the thigh"],["Glutes","Muscles of the buttocks"],["Abdominals","Stomach muscles"],["Pectorals","Chest muscles"],["Deltoids","Shoulder muscles"],["Gastrocnemius","The main calf muscle"],["Recommended daily activity for kids","At least 60 minutes"],["Recommended weekly activity for adults","At least 150 minutes of moderate exercise"],["Hydrate","Drink water before, during and after exercise"],["Sleep and recovery","Muscles grow and repair during rest"],["Rest day","A day off to let the body recover"],["Proper form","Using correct technique to avoid injury"],["Warm up before playing","Reduces the chance of injury"],["Yoga","Poses, stretching and breathing"],["Pilates","Exercise focusing on core strength and control"],["Cross-training","Doing different kinds of exercise"],["Fitness test: the mile run","Measures cardiovascular endurance"],["Sit-and-reach test","Measures flexibility"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/gardening-basics","id":"gardening-basics","title":"Gardening Words","category":"health-life","subject":"Gardening","levels":["k-2","3-5","6-8","adult"],"description":"Plant parts, soil, tools and the steps of growing a garden.","tags":["gardening","plants","soil"],"frontLabel":"Term","backLabel":"Meaning","cards":[["Seed","A plant's package holding a baby plant and food"],["Germination","When a seed begins to sprout"],["Seedling","A very young plant"],["Sprout","A new shoot from a seed"],["Roots","Plant parts that take in water and nutrients and hold the plant in place"],["Stem","Plant part that holds up leaves and carries water and food"],["Leaves","Plant parts that make food using sunlight"],["Flower","Plant part that makes seeds"],["Fruit","The part of a plant that holds seeds"],["Photosynthesis","How plants use sunlight, water and air to make food"],["Soil","Earth where plants grow, made of rock bits, air, water and living things"],["Compost","Rotted plant and food waste that enriches soil"],["Mulch","A layer of material on the soil that keeps moisture in and weeds down"],["Fertilizer","Plant food added to soil"],["Weed","A plant growing where it is not wanted"],["Pollination","Moving pollen so flowers can make seeds"],["Pollinator","An animal like a bee or butterfly that moves pollen"],["Annual","A plant that lives one year"],["Perennial","A plant that lives for many years"],["Biennial","A plant that lives two years"],["Bulb","An underground storage part that grows a new plant, like a tulip or onion"],["Tuber","A thick underground stem, like a potato"],["Transplant","Move a plant to a new place"],["Thin","Remove extra seedlings to give others space"],["Prune","Cut off parts of a plant to help it grow"],["Deadhead","Remove old flowers to encourage more"],["Harvest","Pick or gather crops when ripe"],["Raised bed","A garden box filled with soil above the ground"],["Container garden","Plants grown in pots"],["Greenhouse","A glass or plastic building that traps warmth for plants"],["Hardiness zone","A map region showing which plants survive the winter there"],["Frost date","The average last or first freezing day of the season"],["Full sun","6 or more hours of direct sunlight"],["Partial shade","About 3 to 6 hours of sun"],["Watering tip","Water the soil at the roots, early in the morning"],["Drainage","How well water flows out of soil"],["Loam","A balanced soil of sand, silt and clay good for gardens"],["Clay soil","Heavy soil that holds water"],["Sandy soil","Light soil that drains fast"],["pH","A measure of how acidic or basic soil is"],["Rake","A tool for leveling soil and collecting leaves"],["Hoe","A tool for loosening soil and cutting weeds"],["Trowel","A small hand shovel"],["Spade","A tool for digging"],["Garden fork","A tool for loosening and turning soil"],["Pruning shears","Clippers for cutting stems"],["Watering can","A can with a spout for watering plants"],["Wheelbarrow","A one-wheeled cart for carrying heavy loads"],["Garden gloves","Protect hands from dirt and thorns"],["Three Sisters planting","Corn, beans and squash grown together, a Native American method"],["Companion planting","Growing plants together that help each other"],["Crop rotation","Planting different crops in a spot each year to keep soil healthy"],["Cover crop","A plant grown to protect and feed the soil"],["Pest","An insect or animal that harms plants"],["Beneficial insects","Bugs like ladybugs that help the garden"],["Organic gardening","Growing plants without synthetic chemicals"],["Earthworm","Soil animal that loosens and enriches the earth"],["Vegetable that grows underground","Carrot, potato, radish, beet, onion"],["Easy plants for beginners","Radishes, lettuce, beans, sunflowers, marigolds"],["Sunflower","A tall plant with seeds; the head turns to follow the sun when young"],["Herb","A plant used for flavor or medicine, like basil or mint"],["Mint","A fast-spreading herb; grow it in a pot"],["Tomato","Fruit grown in a garden and used like a vegetable"],["Pumpkin","A vine fruit that takes about 90 to 120 days to ripen"],["Plant a seed twice as deep as its width","A common planting rule"],["Perennial example","Lavender, roses, asparagus, peonies"],["Annual example","Marigolds, tomatoes, zinnias, lettuce"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/health-food-groups","id":"health-food-groups","title":"Food Groups","category":"health-life","subject":"Health","levels":["k-2","3-5","6-8"],"description":"Which food group each food belongs to and why each group matters.","tags":["food groups","MyPlate","healthy eating"],"frontLabel":"Food","backLabel":"Food group","cards":[["Apple","Fruit"],["Banana","Fruit"],["Orange","Fruit"],["Strawberries","Fruit"],["Grapes","Fruit"],["Raisins","Fruit (dried)"],["Watermelon","Fruit"],["Blueberries","Fruit"],["Carrot","Vegetable"],["Broccoli","Vegetable"],["Spinach","Vegetable"],["Corn on the cob","Vegetable (starchy)"],["Potato","Vegetable (starchy)"],["Tomato","Botanically a fruit, counted as a vegetable in nutrition"],["Lettuce","Vegetable"],["Peas","Vegetable"],["Bell pepper","Vegetable"],["Bread","Grains"],["Rice","Grains"],["Oatmeal","Grains"],["Pasta","Grains"],["Tortilla","Grains"],["Cereal","Grains"],["Popcorn","Grains (whole grain)"],["Chicken","Protein"],["Beef","Protein"],["Fish","Protein"],["Eggs","Protein"],["Beans","Protein (also vegetable group)"],["Peanut butter","Protein"],["Tofu","Protein"],["Almonds","Protein (nuts)"],["Lentils","Protein (also vegetable group)"],["Milk","Dairy"],["Cheese","Dairy"],["Yogurt","Dairy"],["Fortified soy milk","Dairy group alternative"],["Butter","Fats and oils; not in the dairy group"],["Olive oil","Oils"],["Candy","Extra: eat only sometimes"],["Soda","Extra: eat only sometimes"],["Chips","Extra: eat only sometimes"],["What does MyPlate show?","A plate divided into fruits, vegetables, grains, protein and dairy"],["How much of your plate should be fruits and vegetables?","About half"],["Why eat grains?","They give energy and fiber"],["Why eat fruits?","They give vitamins, fiber and natural sugar"],["Why eat vegetables?","They give vitamins, minerals and fiber"],["Why eat protein foods?","They help build and repair the body"],["Why eat dairy?","It gives calcium for strong bones and teeth"],["Go, Grow, Glow foods","Go: energy foods; Grow: body-building foods; Glow: protective foods"],["What did the Food Guide Pyramid get replaced with?","MyPlate, in 2011"],["Whole grain bread vs white bread","Whole grain has more fiber and nutrients"],["Frozen vegetables","Count as vegetables and keep their nutrients"],["100 percent fruit juice","Counts as fruit but has less fiber than whole fruit"],["Which group do nuts belong to?","Protein"],["Which group does ice cream belong to?","Dairy-based but a treat with added sugar"],["Which group is rice in?","Grains"],["Which group is cottage cheese in?","Dairy"],["Which group is salmon in?","Protein"],["Which group is cucumber in?","Vegetable"],["Which group is a pear in?","Fruit"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/health-nutrition-basics","id":"health-nutrition-basics","title":"Nutrition Basics","category":"health-life","subject":"Health","levels":["3-5","6-8","9-12"],"description":"Nutrients, calories, healthy eating words and what foods do for the body.","tags":["nutrition","nutrients","healthy eating"],"frontLabel":"Term","backLabel":"Meaning","cards":[["Nutrient","A substance in food that the body needs to work and grow"],["Carbohydrates","Nutrients that give the body quick energy"],["Protein","A nutrient that builds and repairs muscles and other body parts"],["Fat","A nutrient that stores energy and helps absorb some vitamins"],["Vitamins","Nutrients that help the body work properly, needed in tiny amounts"],["Minerals","Elements like calcium and iron that the body needs"],["Water","The nutrient that makes up most of the body and helps every process"],["Fiber","Plant part that helps digestion and keeps you feeling full"],["Calorie","A unit of energy in food"],["Calories per gram of carbohydrate","4"],["Calories per gram of protein","4"],["Calories per gram of fat","9"],["Simple carbohydrates","Sugars that digest quickly"],["Complex carbohydrates","Starches and fibers that digest more slowly, like whole grains"],["Amino acids","Building blocks of protein"],["Complete protein","Protein that has all nine essential amino acids"],["Saturated fat","Fat usually solid at room temperature, best eaten in small amounts"],["Unsaturated fat","Healthier fat, usually liquid at room temperature, like olive oil"],["Trans fat","An unhealthy fat made by processing oils"],["Cholesterol","A waxy substance in the blood; too much can harm the heart"],["Added sugar","Sugar put into foods when they are made"],["Sodium","A part of salt; too much can raise blood pressure"],["Hydration","Having enough water in the body"],["Dehydration","Not having enough water in the body"],["Digestion","Breaking down food so the body can use it"],["Metabolism","All the chemical processes that turn food into energy"],["Appetite","The desire to eat"],["Hunger","The body's signal that it needs food"],["Portion size","The amount of food you choose to eat at one time"],["Serving size","The amount listed on a food label as one serving"],["Nutrition Facts label","A food label listing calories and nutrients per serving"],["Ingredients list","A label list of what a food contains, from most to least"],["Whole grain","A grain that keeps its bran, germ and endosperm"],["Processed food","Food changed from its natural form before you buy it"],["Whole food","Food that is close to its natural state"],["Organic food","Food grown without most synthetic chemicals"],["Balanced diet","Eating a variety of foods in the right amounts"],["Breakfast","The first meal of the day that gives energy to start"],["Snack","A small amount of food eaten between meals"],["Healthy snack","Fruit, vegetables, nuts or yogurt for example"],["Allergy (food)","The body's harmful reaction to a certain food"],["Common food allergens","Milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, wheat, soy, sesame"],["Lactose intolerance","Trouble digesting the sugar in milk"],["Gluten","A protein found in wheat, barley and rye"],["Vegetarian","Someone who does not eat meat"],["Vegan","Someone who eats no animal products at all"],["Antioxidants","Substances in fruits and vegetables that protect cells"],["Probiotics","Helpful living bacteria in foods like yogurt"],["Calcium","A mineral for strong bones and teeth"],["Iron","A mineral that helps blood carry oxygen"],["Potassium","A mineral that helps muscles and nerves work; found in bananas"],["Which nutrient is the body's main source of energy?","Carbohydrates"],["Which nutrient builds muscle?","Protein"],["How much of the body is water?","About 60 percent for adults"],["Foods high in protein","Meat, fish, eggs, beans, nuts, tofu"],["Foods high in fiber","Whole grains, beans, fruits and vegetables"],["Foods high in calcium","Milk, cheese, yogurt, leafy greens"],["Foods high in iron","Red meat, beans, spinach, fortified cereals"],["Why drink water instead of soda?","Water has no added sugar and hydrates you"],["Empty calories","Calories with few nutrients, like candy and soda"],["Meal planning","Choosing healthy meals ahead of time"],["Food label tip","Check serving size first, then calories and sugar"],["Eating colorful fruits and vegetables","Gives a wide variety of vitamins and minerals"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/health-vitamins-minerals","id":"health-vitamins-minerals","title":"Vitamins and Minerals","category":"health-life","subject":"Health","levels":["6-8","9-12","adult"],"description":"What each vitamin and mineral does and which foods supply it.","tags":["vitamins","minerals","nutrition"],"frontLabel":"Nutrient","backLabel":"Job and sources","cards":[["Vitamin A","Healthy eyes, skin and immune system; carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach"],["Vitamin B1 (thiamin)","Helps turn food into energy; whole grains, pork, beans"],["Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)","Energy and healthy skin; milk, eggs, greens"],["Vitamin B3 (niacin)","Energy and nerves; meat, peanuts, fortified grains"],["Vitamin B6","Brain function and making proteins; chicken, bananas, potatoes"],["Vitamin B9 (folate)","Making new cells; leafy greens, beans, oranges"],["Vitamin B12","Nerves and red blood cells; meat, fish, eggs, dairy"],["Vitamin C","Healing wounds and fighting infection; citrus, strawberries, peppers"],["Vitamin D","Helps absorb calcium for bones; sunlight, fortified milk, fish"],["Vitamin E","Protects cells; nuts, seeds, vegetable oils"],["Vitamin K","Helps blood clot; leafy greens such as kale"],["Scurvy","Disease from too little vitamin C"],["Rickets","Bone disease in children from too little vitamin D"],["Fat-soluble vitamins","A, D, E and K, stored in body fat"],["Water-soluble vitamins","B vitamins and C, not stored for long"],["Calcium","Strong bones and teeth; milk, cheese, broccoli"],["Phosphorus","Bones and energy; dairy, meat, nuts"],["Magnesium","Muscles and nerves; nuts, seeds, whole grains"],["Potassium","Muscles, nerves and heartbeat; bananas, potatoes, beans"],["Sodium","Fluid balance and nerves; salt"],["Chloride","Fluid balance; table salt"],["Iron","Carries oxygen in blood; red meat, beans, spinach"],["Zinc","Healing and immune system; meat, seeds, beans"],["Iodine","Helps the thyroid gland; iodized salt, fish"],["Selenium","Protects cells; Brazil nuts, fish"],["Fluoride","Strengthens tooth enamel; fluoridated water, toothpaste"],["Copper","Helps make red blood cells; nuts, shellfish"],["Anemia","Too little iron or red blood cells, causing tiredness"],["Osteoporosis","Weak, brittle bones, often from low calcium over many years"],["Goiter","Swollen thyroid from not enough iodine"],["Which vitamin do we make in skin with sunlight?","Vitamin D"],["Which vitamin helps with night vision?","Vitamin A"],["Which vitamin is in oranges and lemons?","Vitamin C"],["Which vitamin is only found naturally in animal foods?","Vitamin B12"],["Which mineral builds bones?","Calcium"],["Which mineral is in hemoglobin?","Iron"],["Which mineral helps fight cavities?","Fluoride"],["Which mineral do bananas contain a lot of?","Potassium"],["Who cured scurvy on ships with citrus in the 1700s?","James Lind, a Scottish naval doctor, tested it in 1747"],["Multivitamin","A pill with many vitamins, not a replacement for healthy food"],["Supplement","A product taken to add nutrients, best discussed with a doctor"],["Daily value (%DV)","How much of a nutrient one serving gives compared with daily needs"],["Fortified food","Food with added vitamins or minerals, like many cereals"],["Enriched grain","Grain with some nutrients added back after processing"],["Trace mineral","A mineral needed in tiny amounts"],["Macrominerals","Minerals needed in larger amounts, like calcium and sodium"],["Electrolytes","Minerals such as sodium and potassium that carry electrical signals"],["Vitamin C and iron","Vitamin C helps the body absorb iron from plant foods"],["Vitamin D and calcium","Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium"],["Beta-carotene","Orange pigment in plants the body turns into vitamin A"],["Why eat leafy greens?","They supply vitamins A, C, K, folate and minerals"],["Why not take huge doses of vitamins?","Too much of some vitamins can be harmful"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/kitchen-safety-and-hygiene","id":"kitchen-safety-and-hygiene","title":"Kitchen Safety and Food Hygiene","category":"health-life","subject":"Cooking","levels":["3-5","6-8","9-12","adult"],"description":"Handwashing, safe temperatures, cross-contamination and safe tool use.","tags":["kitchen safety","food safety","hygiene"],"frontLabel":"Question","backLabel":"Answer","cards":[["Wash hands before cooking for how long?","At least 20 seconds with soap and water"],["Wash hands after touching raw meat","Yes, always, to stop germs spreading"],["Cross-contamination","Germs spreading from one food or surface to another"],["Separate cutting boards","Use different boards for raw meat and for vegetables or bread"],["Danger zone for food","Between 40 and 140 degrees Fahrenheit, where bacteria grow fast"],["Refrigerator temperature","40 degrees Fahrenheit or colder"],["Freezer temperature","0 degrees Fahrenheit"],["How long can perishable food sit out?","No more than 2 hours (1 hour if hotter than 90 degrees)"],["Safe internal temperature for chicken and turkey","165 degrees Fahrenheit"],["Safe internal temperature for ground beef","160 degrees Fahrenheit"],["Safe internal temperature for pork, steaks and fish","145 degrees Fahrenheit"],["Safe temperature for leftovers","Reheat to 165 degrees Fahrenheit"],["Food thermometer","A tool to check that food is cooked enough"],["Thaw frozen meat safely","In the refrigerator, cold water, or microwave; not on the counter"],["Wash raw chicken?","No, it spreads germs; cook it to temperature instead"],["Wash fruits and vegetables","Rinse under running water before eating"],["Raw eggs","Can carry germs; don't eat raw dough with eggs"],["Raw flour","Can carry germs; don't eat raw cookie dough"],["Expiration date","The date after which food may not be safe or best"],["First in, first out","Use older food before newer food"],["Leftovers","Refrigerate within 2 hours and eat within 3 to 4 days"],["Food poisoning","Illness from eating food with harmful germs"],["Bacteria","Tiny living things, some of which make food unsafe"],["Salmonella","A bacteria often found in raw poultry and eggs"],["E. coli","A bacteria that can be in undercooked beef and raw vegetables"],["Allergen warning","Tell people about nuts, milk, eggs and other allergens in your cooking"],["Oven mitts","Use them to hold hot pans and dishes"],["Pot handles","Turn them inward so they don't get bumped"],["Hot pan lids","Open away from your face to avoid steam burns"],["Sharp knife safety","A sharp knife is safer than a dull one because it slips less"],["Knife cutting technique: claw grip","Curl fingertips under and keep knuckles forward"],["Carrying a knife","Point down, blade against your leg"],["Passing a knife","Handle first"],["Never catch a falling knife","Step back and let it fall"],["Wet floors","Wipe spills right away"],["Unplug appliances","Before cleaning them"],["Water and electricity","Keep cords and outlets away from water"],["Microwave safety","Use only microwave-safe containers; no metal"],["Steam from microwaved food","Can burn; open lids away from you"],["Grease fire","Smother it with a lid; never use water"],["Fire extinguisher in kitchen","Keep one handy and know how to use it"],["Baking sheet vs hot water","Never put hot glass into cold water; it can shatter"],["Ask an adult for help when","Using the stove, oven, sharp knives or hot oil, unless you have permission"],["Clean as you go","Wash tools and wipe surfaces while cooking"],["Sanitize","Reduce germs on a surface to a safe level"],["Dishwasher vs hand washing","Both work if hot water and soap are used"],["Apron","Clothing that protects your clothes while cooking"],["Tie back long hair","So it doesn't fall in food or near flames"],["Taste-testing","Use a clean spoon each time, don't double dip"],["Cooking with kids","Always with an adult nearby"],["Seafood storage","Keep on ice or very cold"],["Rice left out","Can grow bacteria; cool and refrigerate quickly"],["Mold on bread","Throw the whole loaf out"],["Canned food with a bulging can","Do not eat"],["Smell test","Not a reliable way to know food is safe"],["When in doubt","Throw it out"],["Hot oil splatters","Dry food well before putting it in hot oil"],["Slip-proof footwear","Wear closed-toe shoes in the kitchen"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/knots-and-rope-terms","id":"knots-and-rope-terms","title":"Knots and Rope Terms","category":"health-life","subject":"Outdoor Skills","levels":["3-5","6-8","9-12","adult"],"description":"Useful knots, what they do, and the words for parts of a rope.","tags":["knots","rope","scouting","camping"],"frontLabel":"Knot or term","backLabel":"Use","cards":[["Overhand knot","The simplest knot; a stopper at the end of a rope"],["Figure-eight knot","A stopper knot that is easy to untie; used in climbing"],["Square knot (reef knot)","Joins two ropes of equal thickness; right over left, then left over right"],["Granny knot","A weaker, wrong version of a square knot that can slip"],["Bowline","Makes a fixed loop that will not slip; the king of knots"],["Clove hitch","Quickly ties a rope around a post or pole"],["Two half hitches","Secures a rope to a ring, post or tree"],["Taut-line hitch","An adjustable loop for tent guy lines"],["Sheet bend","Joins two ropes of different thickness"],["Sheepshank","Shortens a rope without cutting it"],["Slip knot","A knot that tightens when you pull the working end"],["Fisherman's knot","Joins two ropes or fishing lines"],["Trucker's hitch","Pulls a rope tight to secure a load"],["Prusik knot","A friction knot for climbing ropes"],["Square lashing","Ties poles together at right angles"],["Diagonal lashing","Ties poles that cross at an angle"],["Shear lashing","Ties two poles side by side to form a bipod"],["Cow hitch","A simple hitch for attaching a rope to an object"],["Munter hitch","A friction hitch used to belay climbers"],["Alpine butterfly","Makes a loop in the middle of a rope"],["Rolling hitch","Holds on a pole to pull along it"],["Becket bend","Another name for the sheet bend"],["Whipping","Wrapping thread around a rope end to stop it fraying"],["Working end","The end of the rope you tie the knot with"],["Standing part","The long unused part of the rope"],["Bight","A U-shaped curve in a rope"],["Loop","A circle made by crossing rope"],["Turn","One wrap of rope around an object"],["Round turn","A complete wrap around an object"],["Hitch","A knot tied around an object"],["Bend","A knot that joins two ropes"],["Splice","Joining ropes by weaving strands together"],["Coil","To arrange rope in loops for storage"],["Fraying","Rope ends coming undone"],["Natural fiber rope","Rope from cotton, hemp or manila"],["Synthetic rope","Rope made of nylon, polyester or polypropylene"],["Paracord","Strong lightweight nylon cord used in camping and survival"],["Static rope","Rope that barely stretches"],["Dynamic rope","Climbing rope that stretches to absorb a fall"],["Knot strength","Every knot makes the rope weaker where it bends"],["Dress the knot","Neaten and tighten it properly"],["Test the knot","Pull on it to check it holds"],["Knot for tying shoes","A bow, a reef knot with loops"],["Why learn knots?","For camping, boating, climbing, fishing and everyday tasks"],["Rock climbing knot to the harness","Figure-eight follow-through"],["Knot to tie a boat to a dock","Cleat hitch"],["Cleat hitch","Ties a boat line to a cleat"],["Anchor bend","Ties a rope to an anchor"],["Rope safety","Never use frayed ropes to hold weight"],["Scouting knot motto","Practice until you can tie it without looking"],["Knot for a tent corner","Taut-line hitch or bowline"],["Knot to tie a hammock","Two half hitches or a bowline"],["Knot to hang a tarp","Clove hitch or trucker's hitch"],["Knot used by sailors to make a loop","Bowline"],["Rope length unit at sea","Fathom, equal to six feet"],["Cord vs rope","Cord is thinner than rope"],["Twine","Thin string of twisted fibers"],["Lanyard","A cord worn around the neck or wrist"],["Braid","Weaving three or more strands together"],["Knot to secure a canoe on a car roof","Trucker's hitch with two half hitches"],["Overhand on a bight","Makes a quick loop at the end"],["Constrictor knot","A tight binding knot that is hard to remove"],["Lark's head","Another name for the cow hitch"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/life-first-aid","id":"life-first-aid","title":"First Aid Basics","category":"health-life","subject":"Safety","levels":["3-5","6-8","9-12","adult"],"description":"What to do for common injuries and emergencies. Always call for help in a serious emergency.","tags":["first aid","emergency","safety"],"frontLabel":"Situation","backLabel":"What to do","cards":[["Emergency phone number in the US","911"],["First thing in any emergency","Make sure the area is safe, then get an adult or call 911"],["Small cut","Wash with clean water and soap, then cover with a bandage"],["Bleeding that will not stop","Press firmly on it with a clean cloth and get help"],["Scrape","Rinse with clean water, gently clean, cover with a bandage"],["Nosebleed","Sit up, lean forward, pinch the soft part of the nose for 10 minutes"],["Minor burn","Cool under cool running water for 10 minutes"],["Serious burn","Call 911; do not put butter or ice on it"],["Sprain","Rest, ice, compression, elevation","R.I.C.E."],["What does R.I.C.E. stand for?","Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation"],["Bump on the head","Tell an adult; get medical help if there is vomiting, sleepiness or confusion"],["Possible broken bone","Keep it still and get medical help"],["Bee sting","Remove the stinger by scraping, wash, apply a cold pack"],["Allergic reaction with trouble breathing","Call 911 and use epinephrine if prescribed"],["Tick bite","Remove it with tweezers pulling straight out and tell an adult"],["Animal bite","Wash with soap and water and see a doctor"],["Choking in an adult or child (cannot cough or speak)","Give abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) after calling for help"],["Heimlich maneuver","Abdominal thrusts that push air out to clear a blocked airway"],["Someone is not breathing","Call 911 and begin CPR if trained"],["CPR","Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: chest compressions and breaths to keep blood moving"],["AED","Automated external defibrillator, a device that shocks the heart back to rhythm"],["Fainting","Lay the person flat and raise their legs"],["Heat exhaustion","Move to a cool place, give water, cool the skin"],["Heat stroke","A medical emergency: call 911 and cool the person"],["Frostbite","Gently warm the area; do not rub it; get medical help"],["Hypothermia","Move indoors, remove wet clothes, wrap in blankets, warm slowly"],["Poison","Call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 in the US"],["Swallowed something dangerous","Call Poison Control or 911 right away"],["Chemical in the eye","Rinse the eye with water for at least 15 minutes"],["Object in the eye","Do not rub; blink or rinse with clean water"],["Seizure","Move hard objects away, cushion the head, do not hold the person down, call 911"],["Stroke warning signs","Face drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulty: time to call 911","FAST"],["What does FAST stand for in stroke?","Face, Arms, Speech, Time"],["Heart attack signs","Chest pain or pressure, shortness of breath, sweating; call 911"],["Asthma attack","Sit up, use the rescue inhaler, call for help if not better"],["Diabetic emergency","Call for help; if awake, give a sugary drink"],["Drowning","Call 911; reach or throw, do not go in unless trained"],["Splinter","Wash, then remove with clean tweezers"],["Blister","Keep it clean and covered; do not pop it"],["Sunburn","Cool the skin, drink water, use aloe or moisturizer"],["Poison ivy","Wash the skin and clothes right away; do not scratch"],["Stop, drop and roll","What to do if clothes catch fire"],["Bandage","A cover for a wound"],["First aid kit","A box of supplies like bandages, gauze, tape and antiseptic"],["Gauze","Soft material that covers or presses on a wound"],["Antiseptic","A liquid that kills germs on skin"],["Tourniquet","A tight band used only for life-threatening bleeding on a limb"],["Sling","A cloth that supports an injured arm"],["Splint","A rigid support that keeps a broken bone still"],["Shock (medical)","A dangerous drop in blood flow; lay the person down and call 911"],["Recovery position","Lying on one side so the airway stays open"],["Good Samaritan","A person who helps someone in need"],["Medical alert bracelet","A bracelet telling responders about a person's health condition"],["Never give this to a child with a viral illness","Aspirin"],["When should you tell a grown-up about an injury?","Right away, every time it's more than a tiny scrape"],["Wash hands before first aid","To keep germs out of the wound"],["Pressure points to stop bleeding","Use direct pressure on the wound first"],["Dial 911 for","Fire, serious injury, someone not breathing, or a crime in progress"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/manners-and-etiquette","id":"manners-and-etiquette","title":"Manners and Etiquette","category":"health-life","subject":"Social Skills","levels":["k-2","3-5","6-8","9-12"],"description":"Polite words and behavior at home, at the table, at school and online.","tags":["manners","etiquette","social skills"],"frontLabel":"Situation","backLabel":"Polite response","cards":[["Receiving a gift","Say thank you, even if it is not what you wanted"],["Asking for something","Say please"],["Someone helps you","Say thank you"],["You bump into someone","Say excuse me or I'm sorry"],["You want to pass someone","Say excuse me"],["Someone says thank you","Say you're welcome"],["Meeting someone new","Say hello, smile, look at them and say your name"],["Introducing yourself","Offer a handshake if comfortable and say 'Nice to meet you'"],["Handshake","Firm but gentle, with eye contact"],["Eye contact","Looking at the person you're talking to"],["Interrupting","Wait for a pause, or say 'Excuse me'"],["Listening","Look at the speaker and wait until they finish"],["Phone call greeting","Say hello and who you are"],["Answering the phone","Use a friendly voice and ask who is calling"],["Texting manners","Be polite, don't text during conversations"],["Phone at the table","Keep it away at meals"],["Written thank-you note","Thank the person, mention the gift and say what you like about it"],["Table: napkin","Place it on your lap"],["Table: elbows","Keep them off the table while eating"],["Table: chewing","Chew with your mouth closed"],["Table: talking while eating","Don't talk with food in your mouth"],["Table: reaching","Ask 'Please pass the...' rather than reaching across"],["Table: wait to eat","Begin when everyone is served or when the host starts"],["Table: utensils","Use a fork, knife and spoon properly"],["Table: when finished","Place your utensils on your plate and say thank you"],["Table: May I be excused?","Ask before leaving the table"],["Table: food you don't like","Say 'No, thank you' politely"],["Table: compliment the cook","Say 'This is delicious'"],["Table: help clear","Offer to help clean up"],["Table: sneezing","Cover with a tissue or elbow"],["Cough or sneeze","Cover your nose and mouth with your elbow or a tissue"],["Holding the door","Hold it for the person behind you"],["Elevator","Let people exit before you enter"],["Giving up a seat","Offer it to an elderly person or someone who needs it"],["Waiting in line","Wait your turn and don't cut"],["Sharing","Take turns and share toys and space"],["Winning","Be modest and say 'good game'"],["Losing","Congratulate the winner"],["Good sportsmanship","Playing fair, following rules, respecting others"],["Disagreeing","Use calm words and listen to the other side"],["Compliment","Say something kind about someone"],["Receiving a compliment","Say thank you"],["Hurt someone's feelings","Apologize sincerely"],["Apology steps","Say sorry, say what you did wrong, make it better"],["Visiting someone's home","Greet the host, follow house rules, say thank you when leaving"],["Host","The person who invites guests"],["Guest","A person who is invited"],["RSVP","A request to reply to an invitation"],["Arriving on time","Shows respect for others' time"],["Being late","Apologize and explain briefly"],["Respecting privacy","Knock before entering a closed door"],["Knocking","Knock and wait for an answer"],["Library voice","Speak softly in quiet places"],["Movie theater","Silence your phone and keep quiet"],["Public transport","Give seats to those who need them and keep your voice down"],["Respecting elders","Speak politely and listen"],["Gossip","Don't talk badly about others behind their backs"],["Include others","Invite someone who is alone to join"],["Teasing","Don't tease in ways that hurt"],["School manners","Raise your hand, listen and be respectful to the teacher"],["Raising your hand","How to ask to speak in class"],["Borrowing","Ask first, return on time in good condition"],["Littering","Never; put trash in the bin"],["Online manners (netiquette)","Be kind and don't use ALL CAPS to shout"],["Reply all","Use carefully; only reply to everyone if needed"],["Please and thank you in other languages","Por favor and gracias in Spanish; s'il vous plait and merci in French"],["Honor the 'golden rule'","Treat others as you want to be treated"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/mindfulness-skills","id":"mindfulness-skills","title":"Mindfulness and Calming Skills","category":"health-life","subject":"Social-Emotional Learning","levels":["k-2","3-5","6-8","9-12"],"description":"Simple practices for calm, focus and kindness.","tags":["mindfulness","calm","breathing","focus"],"frontLabel":"Practice","backLabel":"How it works","cards":[["Mindfulness","Paying attention to the present moment on purpose, without judging"],["Belly breathing","Breathe in so your belly rises, then out so it falls"],["Box breathing","Breathe in for 4, hold for 4, out for 4, hold for 4"],["Smell the flower, blow the candle","Breathe in through the nose, out slowly through the mouth"],["5-4-3-2-1 grounding","Name 5 things you see, 4 touch, 3 hear, 2 smell, 1 taste"],["Body scan","Notice each part of your body from toes to head"],["Mindful eating","Eating slowly and noticing taste, smell and texture"],["Mindful walking","Walking slowly and noticing each step"],["Mindful listening","Listening to sounds or a person without interrupting"],["Loving-kindness","Sending kind wishes to yourself and others"],["Gratitude practice","Naming things you are thankful for"],["Gratitude journal","Writing a few thankful things each day"],["Meditation","Training attention by focusing on something like the breath"],["Focus anchor","Something to return your attention to, such as breathing"],["Wandering mind","When thoughts drift; gently bring attention back"],["Pause button","Stop for a moment before reacting"],["STOP skill","Stop, Take a breath, Observe, Proceed"],["Calm-down corner","A quiet place to rest and settle feelings"],["Calm jar","A jar of glitter and water that settles as you breathe"],["Progressive muscle relaxation","Tighten then relax each muscle group"],["Squeeze and release","Make fists tight then let go to release tension"],["Stretching","Gently moving muscles to release tension"],["Yoga","Poses, stretching and breathing for strength and calm"],["Child's pose","A yoga pose kneeling and folding forward"],["Tree pose","A yoga pose standing on one leg for balance"],["Mountain pose","A yoga pose standing tall and still"],["Cat-cow","A yoga movement arching and rounding the back"],["Visualization","Imagining a calm, peaceful place"],["Safe place imagery","Picture a place where you feel safe and happy"],["Positive self-talk","Saying kind and encouraging things to yourself"],["Affirmation","A short positive statement, such as 'I can try'"],["Self-compassion","Treating yourself with the kindness you'd give a friend"],["Sleep hygiene","Habits for good sleep, like a regular bedtime"],["Hours of sleep for school-age kids","9 to 12 hours"],["Hours of sleep for teens","8 to 10 hours"],["Screen-free time before bed","Helps your brain wind down"],["Nature walk","Spending time outside to feel calmer"],["Journaling","Writing down thoughts and feelings"],["Drawing feelings","Using art to show feelings"],["Listening to calm music","Helps the body relax"],["Hug a stuffed animal","A comfort that can calm"],["Name it to tame it","Naming a feeling can make it feel smaller"],["Weather report","Describing your feelings like weather, such as stormy or sunny"],["Mood meter","A chart for rating your feelings by energy and pleasantness"],["Feelings are like waves","They rise, peak and pass"],["Observe without judging","Notice thoughts as if clouds passing"],["Beginner's mind","Seeing things as new, with curiosity"],["Single-tasking","Doing one thing at a time with full attention"],["Digital detox","A break from phones and screens"],["Take 3 breaths","A quick reset any time"],["Stress","The body's response to a challenge or pressure"],["Fight, flight or freeze","The body's automatic reactions to danger"],["Heart rate and calm","Slow breathing helps slow your heartbeat"],["Anxiety toolkit","A list of strategies you can use when feeling worried"],["Ask for help","A strong skill; talk to a trusted adult when feelings are too big"],["Counselor","A trained person at school who helps with feelings and problems"],["Therapist","A trained professional who helps people with mental health"],["Mental health","Your emotional, psychological and social well-being"],["Physical activity and mood","Exercise can boost mood and reduce stress"],["Balanced day","Mix of learning, play, rest, food and friends"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/safety-fire-water-home","id":"safety-fire-water-home","title":"Fire, Water and Home Safety","category":"health-life","subject":"Safety","levels":["k-2","3-5","6-8"],"description":"Safety rules for fire, water, weather, the kitchen, poison and home.","tags":["fire safety","water safety","home safety"],"frontLabel":"Question","backLabel":"Answer","cards":[["If your clothes catch fire","Stop, drop and roll"],["What to do in a smoky room","Get low and crawl under the smoke to the exit"],["Before opening a closed door in a fire","Feel it with the back of your hand; if hot, use another way out"],["Where should your family meet after leaving a burning home?","At a safe meeting place outside, planned ahead"],["How often should you test smoke alarms?","Once a month"],["How often should smoke alarm batteries be replaced?","At least once a year, or as the alarm needs"],["Should you go back inside a burning building for a toy or pet?","No. Tell firefighters"],["Who handles matches and lighters?","Only adults"],["Fire escape plan","Two ways out of every room and a place to meet outside"],["Fire drill","Practice leaving the building safely"],["Number to call for fire","911"],["Never hide from firefighters","They are there to help; come out when they arrive"],["Fire extinguisher PASS method","Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep"],["Stove safety","Keep pot handles turned in and stay in the kitchen while cooking"],["Kid-free zone around the stove","3 feet"],["Kitchen grease fire","Cover with a lid and turn off heat; never use water"],["Electrical outlet safety","Never put fingers or objects in outlets"],["Power cords","Never use damaged cords or overload outlets"],["Candles","Keep away from things that burn and never leave them burning"],["Carbon monoxide","An invisible, odorless gas from fuel burning; use a CO alarm"],["Medicine safety","Only take medicine given by a trusted adult"],["Cleaning products","Keep them locked up; never mix them"],["Poison control number (US)","1-800-222-1222"],["Swimming rule one","Never swim alone"],["Swim near a lifeguard","Choose places where a lifeguard is watching"],["Life jacket","Wear one in boats and when you are not a strong swimmer"],["Reach or throw, don't go","Help a person in water by reaching or throwing something, not jumping in"],["Walk, don't run, at a pool","Wet floors are slippery"],["Diving rule","Never dive into shallow or unknown water; feet first the first time"],["Pool fence","A barrier that keeps small children away from the water"],["Rip current","A strong narrow current pulling away from shore; swim parallel to the beach"],["If caught in a rip current","Don't fight it; swim sideways along the shore, then back in"],["Floating on your back","A way to rest in water until help comes"],["Thin ice","Stay off frozen ponds unless adults say it is safe"],["Lightning safety","When thunder roars, go indoors"],["Wait after thunder","30 minutes after the last thunder before going back outside"],["Tornado safety","Go to the lowest floor, in a room without windows"],["Earthquake safety","Drop, cover and hold on"],["Flood safety","Never walk or drive through floodwater","Turn around, don't drown"],["Hurricane safety","Follow evacuation orders and stay indoors away from windows"],["Heat safety","Drink water, rest in the shade, never stay in a parked car"],["Cold safety","Dress in layers and cover hands, head and face"],["Sun safety","Wear sunscreen, hat and sunglasses"],["Sunscreen strength","SPF 30 or higher, reapplied about every two hours"],["Helmet","Wear one when riding a bike, scooter or skateboard"],["Seat belt","Wear it every ride"],["Car seat or booster","Use until the adult seat belt fits properly"],["Back seat rule","Children under 13 ride in the back seat"],["Never leave children or pets in a parked car","Cars heat up quickly and can be deadly"],["Playground safety","Take turns, don't push, use equipment the right way"],["Stairs","Walk, don't run, and keep them free of toys"],["Dog safety","Ask the owner before petting, and never tease an animal"],["Wild animals","Watch from a distance and never feed them"],["Gun safety","If you find a gun: Stop, don't touch, leave, tell an adult"],["Home alone rule","Know your address and phone number and how to call 911"],["Know your address","So you can tell 911 where you are"],["Door safety","Don't open the door to strangers"],["Knife safety","Cut away from your body with adult help"],["Scissors","Carry with the point down"],["Stranger's pet or candy","Never accept it without your adult's okay"],["Emergency contact list","A list of phone numbers for trusted adults"],["Safe space","A place you know you can go to feel safe"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/safety-people-and-internet","id":"safety-people-and-internet","title":"People and Internet Safety for Kids","category":"health-life","subject":"Safety","levels":["k-2","3-5","6-8"],"description":"Staying safe around strangers, with personal information, and online.","tags":["stranger safety","internet safety","digital citizenship"],"frontLabel":"Question","backLabel":"Answer","cards":[["Trusted adult","A grown-up you can talk to when something worries you, like a parent, teacher or relative"],["Stranger","Someone you and your family do not know"],["If a stranger offers a ride","Say no, move away and tell a trusted adult"],["If you get separated from your family in a store","Stay put and ask a worker or a parent with kids for help"],["Safe adults to ask for help in public","Police officers, store workers, librarians, parents with children"],["Buddy system","Staying with a friend rather than going alone"],["Check first","Always ask your grown-up before going anywhere with anyone"],["Safe secret vs unsafe secret","Surprises are okay; secrets that make you feel scared or uncomfortable must be told"],["Body safety rule","Your body belongs to you, and you can say no to touch that feels wrong"],["No, Go, Yell, Tell","Say no, get away, shout, and tell a trusted adult"],["If something feels wrong","Trust your feelings and tell a trusted adult"],["Never share your full name online","It helps strangers find you"],["Personal information","Name, address, phone, school, birthday, passwords and photos"],["Password","A secret word or phrase that protects an account"],["Strong password","Long, mixed words, numbers and symbols that are hard to guess"],["Share your password with","Only a trusted parent or guardian"],["Privacy settings","Controls for who can see what you share"],["Screen name (username)","A made-up online name that does not reveal your identity"],["Digital footprint","The trail of information you leave online, which can last a long time"],["Think before you post","Once online, things can be copied and hard to remove"],["Cyberbullying","Bullying with phones, games or the internet"],["If you are cyberbullied","Do not reply, save proof, block and tell a trusted adult"],["Upstander","Someone who helps when they see bullying"],["Bystander","Someone who sees bullying and does nothing"],["Block","Stop a person from contacting you"],["Report","Tell the website or app about bad behavior"],["Online stranger","Someone you only know from the internet"],["Meeting an online friend in person","Never, unless a parent agrees and goes with you"],["Grooming","When a bad person builds trust with a child to hurt them; tell an adult if someone online asks for secrets"],["Sending photos","Never send photos of yourself to people you don't know"],["Phishing","A trick message pretending to be a trusted source to steal information"],["Scam","A trick to get your money or information"],["Spam","Unwanted messages, often ads"],["Malware","Harmful software"],["Virus","Harmful software that spreads from computer to computer"],["Antivirus","Software that helps find and stop malware"],["Pop-up ad","A window that suddenly appears; don't click unknown ones"],["Free prize message","Probably a scam; ignore and tell an adult"],["Download rule","Ask a grown-up before downloading apps or files"],["Safe website clue","A lock symbol and https in the address"],["Copyright","The law that protects creators' work from being copied without permission"],["Plagiarism","Using someone's words or ideas as your own"],["Fake news (misinformation)","False information that spreads"],["Check a source","Ask who made it, why, and whether other trusted sources agree"],["Screen time","Time spent using screens; balance it with sleep, play and family"],["Take a break from screens","Every so often to rest your eyes and move your body"],["Online games chat","Be kind, do not share info and report bad behavior"],["Webcam safety","Cover or turn off when not in use and only video chat with people you know"],["Location sharing","Turn it off unless a parent says it is okay"],["Public Wi-Fi","Avoid logging in to important accounts on it"],["Log out","Sign out of accounts on shared computers"],["Two-factor authentication","A second step like a code that proves it's you"],["COPPA","US law protecting the online privacy of kids under 13"],["Age limits on apps","Rules that many apps set, often 13 and over"],["Kind words online","Treat others the way you would in person"],["Netiquette","Polite manners online"],["Troll","Someone who posts to upset people"],["Don't feed the trolls","Do not reply to those who try to upset you"],["Tell a grown-up if","A message makes you feel scared, sad or uncomfortable"],["Never keep a scary message secret","Show a trusted adult"],["Parental controls","Tools that let parents limit what kids can do online"],["Digital citizen","Someone who uses technology safely, kindly and responsibly"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/sewing-and-crafts-terms","id":"sewing-and-crafts-terms","title":"Sewing and Crafts Terms","category":"health-life","subject":"Crafts","levels":["3-5","6-8","9-12","adult"],"description":"Needles, stitches, fabrics and knitting, crochet and craft vocabulary.","tags":["sewing","crafts","knitting","crochet"],"frontLabel":"Term","backLabel":"Meaning","cards":[["Needle","A thin pointed tool with an eye for thread"],["Thread","Thin twisted fiber used for sewing"],["Thimble","A small cap that protects the finger when pushing a needle"],["Pin","A tiny pointed wire for holding fabric pieces together"],["Pincushion","A small cushion for holding pins"],["Seam ripper","A tool for undoing stitches"],["Fabric scissors","Sharp scissors only for cutting cloth"],["Pinking shears","Scissors with zigzag blades that stop fabric from fraying"],["Tape measure","A flexible ruler for measuring"],["Sewing machine","A machine that stitches fabric quickly"],["Bobbin","A small spool that holds the bottom thread on a sewing machine"],["Seam","The line where two pieces of fabric are sewn together"],["Seam allowance","The extra fabric between the stitching and the cut edge"],["Hem","A folded and sewn edge of fabric"],["Selvage","The finished edge of a fabric roll"],["Grain (fabric)","The direction of threads in woven fabric"],["Bias","The diagonal direction of fabric that stretches the most"],["Pattern","A paper guide for cutting pieces for a project"],["Notions","Small sewing supplies like buttons, zippers and thread"],["Running stitch","A basic straight stitch going in and out"],["Backstitch","A strong stitch where each stitch returns to the start of the last"],["Whipstitch","A stitch that wraps over the edge to join two edges"],["Blanket stitch","A looped stitch used to finish edges"],["Slip stitch","A hidden stitch used to close seams"],["Basting","Long temporary stitches that hold fabric in place"],["Cross-stitch","Embroidery with X-shaped stitches"],["Embroidery","Decorating fabric with thread stitches"],["Applique","Sewing pieces of fabric onto another fabric to make a design"],["Quilting","Sewing layers of fabric together to make a quilt"],["Patchwork","Sewing small pieces of fabric together into a larger design"],["Darning","Mending holes in fabric with stitches"],["Knot the thread","Tie a knot at the end before sewing"],["Cotton","A natural plant fiber used for fabric"],["Wool","Fiber from sheep"],["Silk","Fiber made by silkworms"],["Linen","Fabric made from the flax plant"],["Polyester","A man-made fabric from plastic"],["Denim","Strong cotton fabric used for jeans"],["Felt","Fabric made by pressing fibers together, not woven"],["Fleece","Soft, warm fabric"],["Knit fabric","Fabric made of interlocking loops, stretchy"],["Woven fabric","Fabric made by crossing threads at right angles"],["Yarn","Spun fiber used for knitting and crochet"],["Knitting","Making fabric by looping yarn with two needles"],["Crochet","Making fabric by looping yarn with one hook"],["Cast on","Make the first stitches on a knitting needle"],["Bind off","Finish the last row of knitting so it doesn't unravel"],["Knit stitch","Basic knitting stitch"],["Purl stitch","Basic knitting stitch that is the reverse of the knit stitch"],["Skein","A loosely coiled bundle of yarn"],["Loom","A frame for weaving"],["Weaving","Crossing threads over and under to make cloth"],["Warp","The lengthwise threads on a loom"],["Weft","The crosswise threads woven through the warp"],["Macrame","Craft of tying knots in cord to make patterns"],["Origami","Japanese paper folding"],["Decoupage","Gluing paper cutouts onto objects and sealing with varnish"],["Papier-mache","Strips of paper and paste shaped into objects"],["Mod Podge","A glue and sealer used in decoupage"],["Hot glue gun","A tool that melts glue sticks; the tip is very hot"],["Stencil","A cut-out pattern used to paint shapes"],["Beading","Stringing beads to make jewelry"],["Friendship bracelet","A woven or knotted bracelet shared with friends"],["Tie-dye","Dyeing folded fabric for bold patterns"],["Pom-pom","A fluffy ball made of yarn"],["Upcycle","Turn old items into something new and useful"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/sports-baseball-rules-terms","id":"sports-baseball-rules-terms","title":"Baseball and Softball Rules and Terms","category":"health-life","subject":"Sports","levels":["3-5","6-8","9-12","adult"],"description":"Positions, scoring, outs and baseball words.","tags":["baseball","softball","sports rules"],"frontLabel":"Term","backLabel":"Meaning","cards":[["Players on defense","9 on the field"],["Innings in a standard baseball game","9"],["Outs per half-inning","3"],["Strikes for a strikeout","3"],["Balls for a walk","4"],["Pitcher","The player who throws the ball to the batter"],["Catcher","The player who crouches behind home plate and catches pitches"],["First baseman","Defender who covers first base"],["Second baseman","Defender between first and second base"],["Shortstop","Defender between second and third base"],["Third baseman","Defender who covers third base"],["Left fielder","Outfielder on the left side"],["Center fielder","Outfielder in the middle"],["Right fielder","Outfielder on the right side"],["Designated hitter","A player who bats in place of the pitcher"],["Home plate","The base where batters stand and runners score"],["Bases","Four spots a runner must touch in order: first, second, third, home"],["Diamond","The infield shape formed by the bases"],["Base paths","The lines between bases"],["Distance between bases (MLB)","90 feet"],["Pitching distance (MLB)","60 feet 6 inches"],["Pitcher's mound","The raised area where the pitcher stands"],["Strike zone","The area over home plate between knees and chest where a pitch counts as a strike"],["Strike","A pitch in the strike zone, a swing and miss, or a foul with fewer than two strikes"],["Ball","A pitch outside the strike zone that the batter doesn't swing at"],["Foul ball","A batted ball landing outside the foul lines"],["Fair ball","A batted ball in play inside the foul lines"],["Single","A hit that gets the batter to first base"],["Double","A hit that gets the batter to second base"],["Triple","A hit that gets the batter to third base"],["Home run","A hit that lets the batter circle all the bases and score"],["Grand slam","A home run with the bases loaded, scoring 4 runs"],["RBI","Run batted in"],["Run","A point scored when a runner touches home plate"],["Bunt","Tapping the ball softly without a full swing"],["Sacrifice fly","A fly ball caught for an out that lets a runner score"],["Stolen base","A runner advances while the pitcher throws"],["Force out","A runner must move to the next base and is tagged out there"],["Tag out","A fielder touches the runner with the ball"],["Fly out","A batted ball caught in the air"],["Ground out","A grounder fielded and thrown to first for an out"],["Double play","Two outs on one play"],["Triple play","Three outs on one play"],["Strikeout","Three strikes by a batter"],["Walk (base on balls)","Four balls and the batter takes first base"],["Hit by pitch","A batter hit by a pitch goes to first base"],["Error","A fielding mistake that lets a runner reach base or advance"],["Infield fly rule","An easily caught fly ball with runners on makes the batter out"],["Balk","An illegal move by the pitcher with runners on base"],["Pitch types","Fastball, curveball, slider, changeup"],["Fastball","A pitch thrown with top speed"],["Curveball","A pitch that curves as it nears the plate"],["Changeup","A slower pitch that looks like a fastball"],["No-hitter","A game in which one team gets no hits"],["Perfect game","No batter of the other team reaches base"],["Batting average","Hits divided by at-bats"],["ERA","Earned run average, a pitcher's average runs allowed per nine innings"],["Bullpen","Where relief pitchers warm up"],["Dugout","The bench area for players"],["Batter's box","The area where batters stand beside home plate"],["On-deck circle","Where the next batter waits"],["Seventh-inning stretch","A tradition where fans stand and sing Take Me Out to the Ball Game"],["Umpire","The official who calls balls, strikes and outs"],["Softball pitching style","Underhand (windmill)"],["Little League","Youth baseball program founded in 1939"],["MLB","Major League Baseball"],["World Series","The championship series of MLB"],["Jackie Robinson","Broke baseball's color barrier in 1947"],["Babe Ruth","Famous slugger who hit 714 career home runs"],["Hank Aaron","Hit 755 career home runs"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/sports-basketball-rules-terms","id":"sports-basketball-rules-terms","title":"Basketball Rules and Terms","category":"health-life","subject":"Sports","levels":["3-5","6-8","9-12","adult"],"description":"Positions, violations, scoring and basketball words.","tags":["basketball","sports rules"],"frontLabel":"Term","backLabel":"Meaning","cards":[["Players per team on court","5"],["Point guard","The ball handler who runs the offense"],["Shooting guard","A guard who scores, especially from outside"],["Small forward","A versatile player who scores and defends"],["Power forward","A strong player who plays near the basket"],["Center","The tallest player, who plays near the basket"],["Field goal","A shot made during play"],["Free throw","An uncontested shot from the foul line, worth 1 point"],["Two-pointer","A basket made inside the three-point line"],["Three-pointer","A basket made from behind the three-point line"],["Layup","A shot made close to the basket off the backboard or rim"],["Dunk","Putting the ball directly through the hoop from above"],["Jump shot","A shot taken while jumping"],["Hook shot","A shot made with a sweeping arm motion over the head"],["Bank shot","A shot that bounces off the backboard into the basket"],["Alley-oop","A pass thrown near the rim for a teammate to catch and score"],["Rebound","Getting the ball after a missed shot"],["Offensive rebound","A rebound taken by the team that shot"],["Defensive rebound","A rebound taken by the defending team"],["Assist","A pass that leads straight to a score"],["Steal","Taking the ball from an opponent"],["Block","Stopping a shot by hitting the ball"],["Turnover","Losing the ball to the other team without a shot"],["Double-dribble","Dribbling with two hands or stopping and starting again"],["Traveling","Taking too many steps without dribbling"],["Carrying (palming)","Turning the hand under the ball while dribbling"],["Three-second violation","An offensive player stays in the lane for over three seconds"],["Five-second violation","Holding the ball closely guarded without moving it for five seconds"],["Shot clock violation","The team fails to shoot within the shot clock time"],["Backcourt violation","Taking the ball back over the midcourt line after crossing it"],["Out of bounds","Outside the court lines"],["Foul","An illegal contact with an opponent"],["Personal foul","A foul for illegal contact"],["Technical foul","A foul for bad conduct, not for contact"],["Flagrant foul","A hard, unnecessary foul"],["Charging","An offensive player runs into a set defender"],["Blocking foul","A defender moves into a player's path illegally"],["Fouling out","Being removed after too many fouls (6 in the NBA, 5 in many other leagues)"],["Bonus (one-and-one)","Free throws awarded after a team has too many fouls"],["Jump ball","A toss between two players to start or decide possession"],["Tip-off","The jump ball that begins the game"],["Timeout","A short stop to rest or plan"],["Overtime","Extra time when the score is tied"],["Quarter length (NBA)","12 minutes"],["Half length (college men)","20 minutes"],["Shot clock (NBA)","24 seconds"],["Rim height","10 feet above the floor"],["Free throw line distance","15 feet from the backboard"],["Backboard","The board behind the hoop"],["Key (lane)","The painted area under the basket"],["Paint","The painted lane area"],["Perimeter","Area away from the basket, outside the key"],["Post","The area near the basket"],["Fast break","A quick attack before the defense sets"],["Pick and roll","A screen set for the ball handler, then a roll to the basket"],["Screen (pick)","A player blocks a defender to free a teammate"],["Man-to-man defense","Each defender guards a specific opponent"],["Zone defense","Defenders guard areas of the court"],["Full-court press","Defense that pressures the ball over the whole court"],["Dribble","Bouncing the ball while moving"],["Crossover","A quick change of dribbling hand to fool a defender"],["Pivot","Turning on one foot while keeping the other planted"],["Double-double","Double-digit totals in two stats, like points and rebounds"],["Triple-double","Double-digit totals in three stats"],["James Naismith","Invented basketball in 1891 in Massachusetts"],["NBA","National Basketball Association, founded 1946"],["WNBA","Women's National Basketball Association, began in 1997"],["March Madness","The NCAA college basketball tournament"],["Michael Jordan","Hall of Famer who won six NBA titles with the Chicago Bulls"],["Sue Bird","Hall of Fame point guard who won four Olympic gold medals"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/sports-football-rules-terms","id":"sports-football-rules-terms","title":"American Football Rules and Terms","category":"health-life","subject":"Sports","levels":["3-5","6-8","9-12","adult"],"description":"Scoring, downs, positions and penalties in American football.","tags":["football","sports rules","NFL"],"frontLabel":"Term","backLabel":"Meaning","cards":[["Players on the field per team","11"],["Touchdown","Carrying or catching the ball in the end zone; worth 6 points"],["Extra point (PAT)","A kick after a touchdown worth 1 point"],["Two-point conversion","A run or pass after a touchdown worth 2 points"],["Field goal","A kick through the uprights worth 3 points"],["Safety","Tackling an offensive player with the ball in his own end zone; worth 2 points"],["Down","One of four tries to move the ball 10 yards"],["First down","A new set of four downs after gaining 10 yards"],["Line of scrimmage","The imaginary line where the ball is placed before a play"],["Snap","The center passes the ball back to start a play"],["Quarterback","The player who throws or hands off the ball"],["Running back","The player who runs with the ball"],["Wide receiver","A player who runs routes to catch passes"],["Tight end","A player who blocks and catches passes"],["Offensive line","Five linemen who block for the offense"],["Center","Offensive lineman who snaps the ball"],["Guard","Offensive lineman next to the center"],["Tackle (offense)","Offensive lineman at the end of the line"],["Defensive line","Players who rush the passer and stop runs"],["Linebacker","Defender behind the line who tackles and covers"],["Cornerback","Defender who covers wide receivers"],["Safety (position)","Deep defender who prevents long plays"],["Kicker","The player who kicks field goals and extra points"],["Punter","The player who kicks the ball away on fourth down"],["Punt","A kick given up on fourth down to give the other team the ball far away"],["Kickoff","The kick that starts each half and follows scores"],["Touchback","The ball is downed in the end zone on a kick; the offense then starts at a set spot that the rules decide"],["Fumble","Losing control of the ball while running"],["Interception","A defender catches a pass thrown by the offense"],["Sack","Tackling the quarterback behind the line of scrimmage"],["Incomplete pass","A forward pass that hits the ground or goes out of bounds"],["Completion","A caught forward pass"],["Handoff","The quarterback gives the ball to a running back"],["Huddle","Players gather to hear the play call"],["Audible","A play change called at the line by the quarterback"],["Blitz","Extra defenders rush the quarterback"],["Penalty","A rule violation costing yards"],["Offsides","A player crossing the line of scrimmage before the snap"],["False start","An offensive player moves before the snap"],["Holding","Illegally grabbing a player"],["Pass interference","Illegally contacting a receiver trying to catch a pass"],["Delay of game","Failing to snap the ball in time"],["Roughing the passer","Hitting the quarterback late or too hard"],["Flag","A yellow cloth thrown by referees to mark a penalty"],["Field length","100 yards plus two 10-yard end zones"],["End zone","The scoring area at each end of the field"],["Goalposts","The yellow uprights where field goals are kicked"],["Hash marks","Short lines marking where the ball is spotted"],["Quarter length (NFL)","15 minutes"],["Number of quarters","4"],["Halftime","Break between the second and third quarters"],["Overtime","Extra time when the score is tied"],["Timeout","A stop in the clock"],["Two-minute warning","A stop at 2 minutes left in each half (NFL)"],["Super Bowl","NFL championship game, first played in 1967"],["NFL","National Football League, formed 1920"],["Heisman Trophy","Award for the best college football player"],["Touchdown celebration","A celebration after scoring; keep it sporting"],["Flag football","A non-contact version where players pull flags instead of tackling"],["Tackle football","Players bring down runners with their bodies"],["Spiral","A pass that spins tightly in flight"],["Pocket","The protected area where the quarterback stands to pass"],["Play-action","A fake handoff before a pass"],["Screen pass","A short pass behind the line with blockers in front"],["Hail Mary","A very long desperate pass in the last seconds"],["Gridiron","Another word for a football field"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/sports-soccer-rules-terms","id":"sports-soccer-rules-terms","title":"Soccer Rules and Terms","category":"health-life","subject":"Sports","levels":["3-5","6-8","9-12","adult"],"description":"Positions, fouls, restarts and key words in soccer (football).","tags":["soccer","football","sports rules"],"frontLabel":"Term","backLabel":"Meaning","cards":[["Players per team on the field","11, including the goalkeeper"],["Match length (professional)","Two halves of 45 minutes"],["Goalkeeper","The player who guards the goal and may use hands inside the penalty area"],["Defender","A player who stops the other team from scoring"],["Midfielder","A player who links defense and attack"],["Forward (striker)","A player whose main job is scoring"],["Winger","A wide forward or midfielder who attacks along the sides"],["Sweeper","A defender who plays behind the other defenders"],["Captain","The team leader who wears an armband"],["Goal","When the whole ball crosses the goal line between the posts and under the bar"],["Hat trick","Three goals by one player in a game"],["Assist","A pass that leads directly to a goal"],["Own goal","A goal scored into your own net by mistake"],["Penalty area (18-yard box)","Area in front of goal where the goalkeeper can use hands and where fouls bring penalties"],["Goal area (6-yard box)","The small box directly in front of the goal"],["Penalty kick","A free shot from 12 yards (11 meters) at the goalkeeper after a foul in the box"],["Free kick","A kick awarded after a foul"],["Direct free kick","A free kick that can score straight into the goal"],["Indirect free kick","A free kick that must touch another player before scoring"],["Corner kick","A kick from the corner when the defense puts the ball over its own goal line"],["Goal kick","A kick from the goal area when the attackers put the ball over the goal line"],["Throw-in","A two-handed overhead throw to restart after the ball goes out on a sideline"],["Kickoff","The kick that starts the game or restarts after a goal"],["Offside","An attacker is closer to the goal line than the ball and the second-last defender when a teammate passes to them"],["Foul","An unfair act such as tripping or pushing"],["Yellow card","A warning to a player"],["Red card","Ejection from the game"],["Handball","Touching the ball with the hand or arm on purpose, a foul"],["Referee","The official who controls the match"],["Assistant referee (linesman)","Official who signals offside and out-of-bounds"],["VAR","Video assistant referee, a video review system"],["Stoppage time (injury time)","Extra time added at the end of a half"],["Extra time","Two extra 15-minute periods if tied in a knockout match"],["Penalty shootout","A tiebreaker where players take turns shooting penalties"],["Dribble","Move the ball with your feet while running"],["Pass","Kick the ball to a teammate"],["Through ball","A pass between defenders for a runner"],["Cross","A long pass from the side into the penalty area"],["Header","Hitting the ball with the head"],["Volley","Kicking the ball before it bounces"],["Tackle","Taking the ball from an opponent"],["Slide tackle","A tackle made by sliding on the ground"],["Clearance","A kick that sends the ball away from your goal"],["Save","The goalkeeper stops a shot"],["Clean sheet","A game in which a team doesn't concede a goal"],["Nutmeg","Pass or kick the ball through an opponent's legs"],["Bicycle kick","An overhead kick performed in mid-air"],["Wall","Defenders lined up to block a free kick"],["Formation","How players are arranged, like 4-4-2"],["4-4-2","Four defenders, four midfielders, two forwards"],["Marking","Staying close to an opponent to stop them"],["Offside trap","Defenders step up together to catch attackers offside"],["Pitch","The field of play"],["Touchline","The sideline"],["Goal line","The line at each end of the field"],["Center circle","The circle at the middle where kickoff happens"],["Halftime","The break between halves, usually 15 minutes"],["World Cup","International men's soccer tournament held every four years"],["Women's World Cup","International women's tournament first held in 1991"],["FIFA","The governing body of world soccer"],["Pelé","Brazilian star who won three World Cups"],["Lionel Messi","Argentine star who won the 2022 World Cup"],["Mia Hamm","American star who won two World Cups and two Olympic gold medals"],["Substitutions","Replacing players during the game"],["Fair play","Playing honestly and respecting opponents"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/sports-swimming-terms","id":"sports-swimming-terms","title":"Swimming Strokes and Terms","category":"health-life","subject":"Sports","levels":["k-2","3-5","6-8","9-12","adult"],"description":"The four competitive strokes, pool words, water safety and race rules.","tags":["swimming","strokes","water safety"],"frontLabel":"Term","backLabel":"Meaning","cards":[["Freestyle (front crawl)","Alternating overhand arm strokes with a flutter kick"],["Backstroke","Swimming on your back with alternating arm strokes"],["Breaststroke","Arms pull in a circle and legs make a frog kick"],["Butterfly","Both arms swing together over the water with a dolphin kick"],["Individual medley (IM)","One swimmer swims all four strokes in order: butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle"],["Medley relay order","Backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly, freestyle"],["Sidestroke","Swimming on your side with a scissor kick"],["Dog paddle","A simple beginner stroke with arms paddling under the chin"],["Flutter kick","Small fast up-and-down kicks with straight legs"],["Frog kick","Legs bend and snap together like a frog"],["Dolphin kick","Both legs move together in a wave"],["Scissor kick","Legs open and close like scissors"],["Treading water","Staying afloat in place"],["Floating","Resting on the surface of the water"],["Back float","Floating face up"],["Bobbing","Moving up and down in the water while breathing"],["Blowing bubbles","Breathing out underwater"],["Rhythmic breathing","Turning your head to the side to breathe in a pattern"],["Stroke count","The number of strokes to swim a lap"],["Lap","One length of the pool"],["Length","One trip from one end to the other"],["Starting block","The platform swimmers dive from"],["Dive","Entering the water headfirst from the block"],["Flip turn","A somersault at the wall to turn around"],["Open turn","A turn where you touch the wall with a hand and push off"],["Streamline","A tight body position with arms stretched above the head"],["Lane","A section of the pool for one swimmer"],["Lane line","The floating rope between lanes"],["Kickboard","A float used for kick practice"],["Pull buoy","A float held between the legs to practice arms"],["Goggles","Eye protection for swimming"],["Swim cap","A cap that keeps hair out of the face and reduces drag"],["Fins","Flippers that help swimmers kick faster"],["Life jacket","A floating vest that helps keep people afloat"],["Lifeguard","Trained person who watches for danger in the water"],["Deep end","The deeper part of the pool"],["Shallow end","The shallow part of the pool"],["Olympic pool length","50 meters"],["Short course pool","25 yards or 25 meters"],["Disqualification (DQ)","Being removed from a race for breaking a rule"],["False start","Leaving the block before the start signal"],["Touch the wall","Required to finish a race"],["Relay","A team race where each swimmer swims a leg"],["Heats","Preliminary races to decide who advances"],["Personal best (PB)","Your fastest time in an event"],["Split","A time for part of a race"],["Taper","Reduced training before a big meet"],["Warm-up","Easy swimming before racing"],["Cool-down","Easy swimming after racing"],["Swim meet","A competition between swim teams"],["Michael Phelps","American swimmer with 23 Olympic gold medals"],["Katie Ledecky","American distance swimmer with many Olympic golds and world records"],["Simone Manuel","American sprinter who won Olympic gold in 2016"],["Water safety rule","Never swim alone"],["Reach, throw, don't go","Rescue idea: reach with something or throw a float"],["Water wings","Inflatable arm bands that are not a substitute for a life jacket"],["Sinking vs floating","Body fat and air in the lungs help you float"],["Chlorine","A chemical used to keep pool water clean"],["Showering before swimming","Keeps the pool cleaner"],["Cramps","If you get one, stop and rest"],["Wait after eating","A short rest is fine; there's no strict 30-minute rule"],["Sunscreen at the pool","Apply before swimming and reapply"],["Diving rule","Check the depth before diving and never dive in shallow water"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/sports-tennis-golf-terms","id":"sports-tennis-golf-terms","title":"Tennis and Golf Terms","category":"health-life","subject":"Sports","levels":["6-8","9-12","adult"],"description":"Scoring and vocabulary for tennis and golf.","tags":["tennis","golf","sports rules"],"frontLabel":"Term","backLabel":"Meaning","cards":[["Tennis: love","Zero points"],["Tennis scoring in a game","Love, 15, 30, 40, game"],["Tennis: deuce","Tied at 40 each; a player must win two points in a row"],["Tennis: advantage","The point after deuce won by one player"],["Tennis: game","Won by first to four points, ahead by two"],["Tennis: set","Won by first to six games, ahead by two"],["Tennis: match","Best of three or best of five sets"],["Tennis: tiebreak","A special game played at 6-6 in a set"],["Tennis: serve","The shot that starts each point"],["Tennis: ace","A serve the opponent cannot touch"],["Tennis: fault","A serve that misses the service box"],["Tennis: double fault","Two faults in a row, losing the point"],["Tennis: let","A serve that touches the net but lands in; replay it"],["Tennis: rally","A series of shots back and forth"],["Tennis: forehand","A shot hit on your dominant side"],["Tennis: backhand","A shot hit on your non-dominant side"],["Tennis: volley","Hitting the ball before it bounces"],["Tennis: lob","A high shot over the opponent's head"],["Tennis: drop shot","A soft shot that barely clears the net"],["Tennis: smash","A powerful overhead shot"],["Tennis: slice","A shot with backspin"],["Tennis: topspin","A shot with forward spin that dips down"],["Tennis: baseline","The back line of the court"],["Tennis: service box","The area where a serve must land"],["Tennis: net","3 feet high at the center"],["Tennis: doubles","A match with two players per side"],["Tennis: singles","A match with one player per side"],["Tennis: break of serve","Winning a game when your opponent is serving"],["Tennis: Grand Slam","Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon and US Open"],["Tennis: Wimbledon","The grass-court Grand Slam in London"],["Tennis: French Open","The clay-court Grand Slam in Paris"],["Tennis: clay court","A court of crushed clay, slow surface"],["Tennis: hard court","A court of asphalt or concrete"],["Tennis: grass court","A fast surface of natural grass"],["Tennis: Serena Williams","American player with 23 Grand Slam singles titles"],["Tennis: Roger Federer","Swiss player with 20 Grand Slam singles titles"],["Tennis: Arthur Ashe","First Black man to win the US Open, 1968, and Wimbledon, 1975"],["Golf: par","The expected number of strokes for a hole"],["Golf: birdie","One stroke under par"],["Golf: eagle","Two strokes under par"],["Golf: albatross","Three strokes under par"],["Golf: bogey","One stroke over par"],["Golf: double bogey","Two strokes over par"],["Golf: hole in one (ace)","Getting the ball in the hole with one stroke"],["Golf: tee","A small peg that holds the ball for the first shot"],["Golf: fairway","The short-grass path from tee to green"],["Golf: rough","Longer grass beside the fairway"],["Golf: green","The smooth area around the hole"],["Golf: bunker (sand trap)","A hazard filled with sand"],["Golf: water hazard","A pond or stream on the course"],["Golf: out of bounds","Outside the playing area, with a penalty"],["Golf: stroke","One swing at the ball"],["Golf: handicap","A number showing a golfer's skill for fair competition"],["Golf: driver","The club for the longest shots from the tee"],["Golf: iron","Clubs numbered for shots of different distances"],["Golf: wedge","A club for short high shots"],["Golf: putter","The club for rolling the ball on the green"],["Golf: putt","A gentle stroke on the green"],["Golf: chip","A short shot that lands on the green and rolls"],["Golf: drive","A long first shot from the tee"],["Golf: caddie","The person who carries clubs and gives advice"],["Golf: round","18 holes"],["Golf: front nine","The first 9 holes"],["Golf: back nine","The last 9 holes"],["Golf: par 3","A short hole expected in three strokes"],["Golf: par 5","A long hole expected in five strokes"],["Golf: Masters","A major tournament held each April in Augusta, Georgia"],["Golf: Tiger Woods","American golfer with 15 major titles"],["Golf: Fore!","A shout to warn others that a ball is coming"],["Golf: divot","A piece of turf cut by a club; replace it"],["Golf: lie","Where the ball rests"],["Golf: mulligan","An informal do-over shot"]]},{"source":"https://peabody.kids/flashcards/study-skills-and-learning","id":"study-skills-and-learning","title":"Study Skills","category":"health-life","subject":"Study Skills","levels":["3-5","6-8","9-12","college"],"description":"Ways to study, remember, organize time and take notes.","tags":["study skills","learning","memory","notes"],"frontLabel":"Term","backLabel":"Meaning","cards":[["Active recall","Testing yourself from memory instead of rereading"],["Spaced repetition","Reviewing material at increasing gaps of time"],["Flashcards","Cards with a question on one side and answer on the other"],["Practice test","A sample test to practice under test conditions"],["Retrieval practice","Pulling information out of your memory"],["Interleaving","Mixing different topics or problem types when practicing"],["Chunking","Grouping information into small meaningful pieces"],["Mnemonic","A memory trick, like a rhyme or acronym"],["Acronym","A word formed from first letters, like ROY G. BIV"],["Acrostic","A sentence where first letters stand for items to remember"],["Method of loci (memory palace)","Remembering things by placing them in imagined locations"],["Visualization","Making a mental picture"],["Elaboration","Adding detail or explaining why to connect ideas"],["Feynman technique","Explaining a topic in simple words to find gaps in understanding"],["Teach someone else","One of the best ways to learn"],["Summarize","Say the main ideas in your own words"],["Paraphrase","Restate in your own words"],["Main idea","What a passage is mostly about"],["Supporting details","Facts that back up the main idea"],["Skim","Read quickly for the general idea"],["Scan","Look quickly for a specific fact"],["SQ3R","Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review"],["Annotating","Writing notes in the margins while reading"],["Highlighting tip","Highlight only key points or you'll mark too much"],["Cornell notes","A note layout with a main notes column, cue column and summary"],["Outline","A list of main ideas and subpoints"],["Mind map","A diagram of connected ideas around a central topic"],["Concept map","A diagram of ideas linked with labeled arrows"],["Graphic organizer","A chart that organizes information visually"],["Venn diagram","Overlapping circles comparing two things"],["Study guide","A summary of what to learn for a test"],["Review","Look over material again"],["Cramming","Studying everything at the last minute, which works poorly"],["Study schedule","A plan of when to study each subject"],["Planner","A book or app to track assignments"],["Prioritize","Decide what to do first based on importance"],["Procrastination","Delaying tasks until later"],["Pomodoro technique","Work 25 minutes, rest 5 minutes, repeat"],["Time management","Using time wisely"],["Deadline","The time something is due"],["Break big tasks into steps","Makes large projects less overwhelming"],["SMART goals","Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound"],["Eisenhower matrix","Sorting tasks by urgent and important"],["Study space","A quiet, well-lit place with few distractions"],["Distraction","Anything that pulls your attention away"],["Multitasking myth","Switching between tasks reduces focus and quality"],["Sleep and learning","The brain stores memories during sleep"],["Exercise and learning","Physical activity can boost focus and memory"],["Growth mindset","Believing you can improve through effort"],["Metacognition","Thinking about your own thinking"],["Self-quiz","Make up questions and test yourself"],["Rereading","Less effective than testing yourself"],["Study group","Students studying together to discuss ideas"],["Ask for help","Talk to a teacher or tutor when stuck"],["Office hours","Time when a teacher or professor meets with students"],["Homework","Work assigned to do outside class"],["Rubric","A scoring guide for an assignment"],["Thesis statement","The main claim of an essay"],["Draft","A first version of writing"],["Revise","Improve writing content and organization"],["Edit","Fix spelling, grammar and punctuation"],["Proofread","Check for mistakes before finishing"],["Citation","Credit to the source of information"],["Bibliography","A list of sources used"],["Primary source","An original document or evidence from a time period"],["Secondary source","A source that discusses or interprets primary sources"],["Test anxiety","Nervousness before or during a test"],["Test strategy: skip and return","Skip hard questions and come back to them"],["Process of elimination","Cross out wrong answers to improve your odds"],["Read directions carefully","Prevents avoidable mistakes"],["Check your work","Review answers if you have time"]]}]