{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/chem-acids-bases",
 "id": "chem-acids-bases",
 "title": "Acids, Bases and pH",
 "category": "science",
 "subject": "Chemistry",
 "levels": [
  "6-8",
  "9-12"
 ],
 "description": "The pH scale, properties of acids and bases, and everyday examples.",
 "tags": [
  "acids",
  "bases",
  "pH"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Question",
 "backLabel": "Answer",
 "cards": [
  [
   "What does pH measure?",
   "How acidic or basic a solution is"
  ],
  [
   "pH range of the common scale",
   "0 to 14"
  ],
  [
   "pH of a neutral solution",
   "7"
  ],
  [
   "Acids have a pH",
   "Less than 7"
  ],
  [
   "Bases have a pH",
   "Greater than 7"
  ],
  [
   "pH of pure water",
   "7"
  ],
  [
   "Taste of acids",
   "Sour (never taste in lab)"
  ],
  [
   "Feel of bases",
   "Slippery (never touch unknown ones)"
  ],
  [
   "Taste of bases",
   "Bitter"
  ],
  [
   "Litmus paper in acid",
   "Turns red"
  ],
  [
   "Litmus paper in base",
   "Turns blue"
  ],
  [
   "Phenolphthalein in base",
   "Turns pink"
  ],
  [
   "Universal indicator",
   "Changes color across the pH scale"
  ],
  [
   "Indicator",
   "A substance that changes color to show acidity or basicity"
  ],
  [
   "Neutralization",
   "An acid and a base react to form water and a salt"
  ],
  [
   "Salt (in chemistry)",
   "An ionic compound made when an acid reacts with a base"
  ],
  [
   "Lemon juice",
   "An acid, pH about 2"
  ],
  [
   "Vinegar",
   "An acid, containing acetic acid"
  ],
  [
   "Stomach acid",
   "Hydrochloric acid, very strong"
  ],
  [
   "Baking soda",
   "A weak base"
  ],
  [
   "Soap",
   "A base; it feels slippery"
  ],
  [
   "Ammonia cleaner",
   "A base"
  ],
  [
   "Bleach",
   "A strong base, pH about 12 to 13; do not mix with other cleaners"
  ],
  [
   "Milk",
   "Nearly neutral, slightly acidic"
  ],
  [
   "Black coffee",
   "A weak acid"
  ],
  [
   "Orange juice",
   "An acid, pH about 3 to 4"
  ],
  [
   "Antacid",
   "A base that neutralizes extra stomach acid"
  ],
  [
   "Citric acid",
   "The acid in lemons and oranges"
  ],
  [
   "Carbonic acid",
   "A weak acid in fizzy drinks"
  ],
  [
   "Sulfuric acid",
   "A strong acid used in car batteries and industry"
  ],
  [
   "Hydrochloric acid",
   "A strong acid, formula HCl"
  ],
  [
   "Sodium hydroxide",
   "A strong base, formula NaOH, also called lye"
  ],
  [
   "Each step on the pH scale",
   "Is ten times stronger or weaker than the next"
  ],
  [
   "Which is more acidic, pH 3 or pH 5?",
   "pH 3, a hundred times more acidic"
  ],
  [
   "Strong acid",
   "An acid that breaks apart fully in water"
  ],
  [
   "Weak acid",
   "An acid that only partly breaks apart in water"
  ],
  [
   "Alkaline",
   "Another word for basic"
  ],
  [
   "Corrosive",
   "Able to eat away at materials"
  ],
  [
   "Acid rain",
   "Rain made acidic by pollution, with pH below about 5.6"
  ],
  [
   "H+",
   "The hydrogen ion that acids release in water"
  ],
  [
   "OH-",
   "The hydroxide ion that bases release in water"
  ],
  [
   "Hydronium",
   "H3O+, formed when an acid adds H+ to water"
  ],
  [
   "Buffer",
   "A solution that resists changes in pH"
  ],
  [
   "Titration",
   "Adding a solution of known strength drop by drop to find an unknown concentration"
  ],
  [
   "pH of blood",
   "About 7.4, slightly basic"
  ],
  [
   "Red cabbage juice",
   "A natural indicator that changes color with pH"
  ],
  [
   "Mixing vinegar and baking soda makes",
   "Carbon dioxide gas, which fizzes"
  ],
  [
   "Do acids conduct electricity in water?",
   "Yes, because they form ions"
  ],
  [
   "Which acid is in ant stings?",
   "Formic acid"
  ],
  [
   "Which acid is in vinegar?",
   "Acetic acid"
  ],
  [
   "Which acid is in yogurt and sour milk?",
   "Lactic acid"
  ],
  [
   "Which acid is in our muscles after hard exercise?",
   "Lactic acid"
  ],
  [
   "Which scientist invented the pH scale in 1909?",
   "Soren Sorensen"
  ]
 ]
}