What does pH measure?: How acidic or basic a solution is
pH range of the common scale: 0 to 14
pH of a neutral solution: 7
Acids have a pH: Less than 7
Bases have a pH: Greater than 7
pH of pure water: 7
Taste of acids: Sour (never taste in lab)
Feel of bases: Slippery (never touch unknown ones)
Taste of bases: Bitter
Litmus paper in acid: Turns red
Litmus paper in base: Turns blue
Phenolphthalein in base: Turns pink
Universal indicator: Changes color across the pH scale
Indicator: A substance that changes color to show acidity or basicity
Neutralization: An acid and a base react to form water and a salt
Salt (in chemistry): An ionic compound made when an acid reacts with a base
Lemon juice: An acid, pH about 2
Vinegar: An acid, containing acetic acid
Stomach acid: Hydrochloric acid, very strong
Baking soda: A weak base
Soap: A base; it feels slippery
Ammonia cleaner: A base
Bleach: A strong base, pH about 12 to 13; do not mix with other cleaners
Milk: Nearly neutral, slightly acidic
Black coffee: A weak acid
Orange juice: An acid, pH about 3 to 4
Antacid: A base that neutralizes extra stomach acid
Citric acid: The acid in lemons and oranges
Carbonic acid: A weak acid in fizzy drinks
Sulfuric acid: A strong acid used in car batteries and industry
Hydrochloric acid: A strong acid, formula HCl
Sodium hydroxide: A strong base, formula NaOH, also called lye
Each step on the pH scale: Is ten times stronger or weaker than the next
Which is more acidic, pH 3 or pH 5?: pH 3, a hundred times more acidic
Strong acid: An acid that breaks apart fully in water
Weak acid: An acid that only partly breaks apart in water
Alkaline: Another word for basic
Corrosive: Able to eat away at materials
Acid rain: Rain made acidic by pollution, with pH below about 5.6
H+: The hydrogen ion that acids release in water
OH-: The hydroxide ion that bases release in water
Hydronium: H3O+, formed when an acid adds H+ to water
Buffer: A solution that resists changes in pH
Titration: Adding a solution of known strength drop by drop to find an unknown concentration
pH of blood: About 7.4, slightly basic
Red cabbage juice: A natural indicator that changes color with pH
Mixing vinegar and baking soda makes: Carbon dioxide gas, which fizzes
Do acids conduct electricity in water?: Yes, because they form ions
Which acid is in ant stings?: Formic acid
Which acid is in vinegar?: Acetic acid
Which acid is in yogurt and sour milk?: Lactic acid
Which acid is in our muscles after hard exercise?: Lactic acid
Which scientist invented the pH scale in 1909?: Soren Sorensen

Free flashcards from Peabody at peabody.kids/flashcards/chem-acids-bases