{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/chem-periodic-table-groups",
 "id": "chem-periodic-table-groups",
 "title": "Periodic Table Families and Layout",
 "category": "science",
 "subject": "Chemistry",
 "levels": [
  "6-8",
  "9-12"
 ],
 "description": "Groups, periods and families of the periodic table.",
 "tags": [
  "periodic table",
  "groups"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Term",
 "backLabel": "Meaning",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Group",
   "A column of the periodic table; elements in it act alike"
  ],
  [
   "Period",
   "A row of the periodic table"
  ],
  [
   "How many groups are in the standard periodic table?",
   "18"
  ],
  [
   "How many periods are in the standard periodic table?",
   "7"
  ],
  [
   "Alkali metals",
   "Group 1 (except hydrogen): very reactive soft metals like sodium"
  ],
  [
   "Alkaline earth metals",
   "Group 2: reactive metals like calcium and magnesium"
  ],
  [
   "Transition metals",
   "The block in the middle, like iron, copper and gold"
  ],
  [
   "Halogens",
   "Group 17: reactive nonmetals like chlorine and iodine"
  ],
  [
   "Noble gases",
   "Group 18: very unreactive gases like helium and neon"
  ],
  [
   "Metalloids",
   "Elements with properties of both metals and nonmetals, like silicon"
  ],
  [
   "Nonmetals",
   "Elements that are usually dull, brittle and poor conductors"
  ],
  [
   "Metals",
   "Shiny elements that conduct heat and electricity and can be shaped"
  ],
  [
   "Lanthanides",
   "Row of 15 elements shown below the main table, from lanthanum"
  ],
  [
   "Actinides",
   "Row of 15 elements shown below the main table, from actinium"
  ],
  [
   "Atomic number",
   "The number of protons in an atom's nucleus"
  ],
  [
   "Atomic mass",
   "The average mass of an element's atoms, in atomic mass units"
  ],
  [
   "Element symbol",
   "One or two letters standing for an element; the first is capital"
  ],
  [
   "Who created the first widely used periodic table in 1869?",
   "Dmitri Mendeleev"
  ],
  [
   "How did Mendeleev arrange the elements?",
   "By atomic mass, leaving gaps for undiscovered elements"
  ],
  [
   "How is the modern table arranged?",
   "By increasing atomic number"
  ],
  [
   "Valence electrons",
   "Electrons in an atom's outermost shell"
  ],
  [
   "How many valence electrons do halogens have?",
   "7"
  ],
  [
   "How many valence electrons do alkali metals have?",
   "1"
  ],
  [
   "How many valence electrons do most noble gases have?",
   "8 (helium has 2)"
  ],
  [
   "Which group contains carbon?",
   "Group 14"
  ],
  [
   "Which group contains oxygen?",
   "Group 16"
  ],
  [
   "Which group contains nitrogen?",
   "Group 15"
  ],
  [
   "Which element is placed alone at the top-left, and is not an alkali metal?",
   "Hydrogen"
  ],
  [
   "Which side of the table holds mostly metals?",
   "The left side and middle"
  ],
  [
   "Which side of the table holds the nonmetals?",
   "The upper right"
  ],
  [
   "What is the zigzag line on the right side of the table for?",
   "It separates metals from nonmetals; metalloids sit along it"
  ],
  [
   "Why are noble gases unreactive?",
   "Their outer electron shell is full"
  ],
  [
   "Why do elements in a group act alike?",
   "They have the same number of valence electrons"
  ],
  [
   "Which period 1 elements exist?",
   "Hydrogen and helium"
  ],
  [
   "Which is the lightest metal, atomic number 3?",
   "Lithium"
  ],
  [
   "Synthetic element",
   "One made in a lab and not found in nature in large amounts"
  ],
  [
   "Radioactive element",
   "An element whose atoms break down and give off energy"
  ],
  [
   "Which element has the lowest atomic number?",
   "Hydrogen (1)"
  ],
  [
   "Isotope",
   "Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons"
  ]
 ]
}