Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space
Solid: Matter with a fixed shape and fixed volume
Liquid: Matter with a fixed volume that takes the shape of its container
Gas: Matter with no fixed shape or volume; it spreads out to fill space
Plasma: A hot, glowing state of matter made of charged particles
Where is plasma found?: In stars, lightning and neon signs
Bose-Einstein condensate: A state of matter formed near absolute zero where atoms act as one
Particles in a solid: Packed close and only vibrate in place
Particles in a liquid: Close together but able to slide past each other
Particles in a gas: Far apart and moving fast in all directions
Melting: Solid turns to liquid
Freezing: Liquid turns to solid
Evaporation: Liquid turns to gas at the surface
Boiling: Liquid turns to gas throughout, with bubbles
Condensation: Gas turns to liquid
Sublimation: Solid turns straight into gas
Deposition: Gas turns straight into solid
Melting point of water: 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit)
Boiling point of water: 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit) at sea level
Example of sublimation: Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) turning into gas
Example of deposition: Frost forming on a cold window
Is steam a gas or liquid droplets?: Invisible steam is a gas; the white cloud you see is tiny liquid drops
Does heating add or remove energy?: It adds energy, making particles move faster
What happens to particles when matter cools?: They slow down
Which state is the easiest to squeeze?: Gas
Which state is almost impossible to squeeze?: Solid and liquid
Does a liquid have a definite volume?: Yes
Does a gas have a definite volume?: No
Is ice a solid, liquid or gas?: Solid
Is water vapor a solid, liquid or gas?: Gas
Is air a solid, liquid or gas?: A mixture of gases
Is honey a solid or liquid?: Liquid
Is sand a solid?: Yes; each grain is a tiny solid
Which is denser, ice or liquid water?: Liquid water; ice floats
Why does ice float?: Water expands as it freezes, so ice is less dense
Viscosity: How much a liquid resists flowing
Surface tension: The pull between liquid molecules that makes a skin at the surface
Compressibility: How much a material can be squeezed into less space
Vapor: The gas form of a substance that is usually a liquid or solid
Freezing point: The temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid
Latent heat: Energy absorbed or released during a change of state without changing temperature
Phase diagram: A graph showing the state of a substance at different temperatures and pressures
Absolute zero: The lowest possible temperature, -273.15 degrees Celsius
Pressure: Force pushing on a surface
Kinetic theory of matter: All matter is made of tiny particles in constant motion
Diffusion: Particles spreading from where there are many to where there are few
Which state of matter makes up most of the visible universe?: Plasma
Dry ice is made of what?: Frozen carbon dioxide
Is a cloud made of gas?: It is made of tiny liquid droplets or ice crystals in air
Is toothpaste a solid or liquid?: It acts like both, a gel-like material

Free flashcards from Peabody at peabody.kids/flashcards/chem-states-of-matter