{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/civics-citizenship-history-and-symbols",
 "id": "civics-citizenship-history-and-symbols",
 "title": "Citizenship Test: History, Geography and Symbols",
 "category": "social-studies",
 "subject": "Civics",
 "levels": [
  "9-12",
  "adult"
 ],
 "description": "Practice questions on American history, geography, symbols and holidays, in the style of the US naturalization civics test (our own wording).",
 "tags": [
  "citizenship",
  "american history",
  "symbols",
  "holidays"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Question",
 "backLabel": "Answer",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Who lived in America before Europeans arrived?",
   "Native American peoples"
  ],
  [
   "Name one reason colonists came to America.",
   "Freedom, religious freedom, economic opportunity, or to escape persecution"
  ],
  [
   "Who was brought to America by force from Africa?",
   "Enslaved Africans"
  ],
  [
   "Who fought for American independence from Britain?",
   "Colonists, called Patriots, led by the Continental Army"
  ],
  [
   "Why did colonists fight the British?",
   "High taxes without representation, and no say in laws"
  ],
  [
   "What was the main purpose of the Declaration of Independence?",
   "To tell the world why the colonies were separating from Britain"
  ],
  [
   "Who was the first president?",
   "George Washington"
  ],
  [
   "Who commanded the Continental Army?",
   "George Washington"
  ],
  [
   "What did Benjamin Franklin invent or do?",
   "Invented bifocals and the lightning rod, was a diplomat, and helped write founding documents"
  ],
  [
   "Who is called the Father of Our Country?",
   "George Washington"
  ],
  [
   "What was the Constitutional Convention?",
   "The 1787 meeting where the Constitution was written"
  ],
  [
   "Why were the Federalist Papers written?",
   "To persuade states to ratify the Constitution"
  ],
  [
   "Name one author of the Federalist Papers.",
   "Alexander Hamilton, James Madison or John Jay"
  ],
  [
   "What territory did the US buy from France in 1803?",
   "The Louisiana Territory"
  ],
  [
   "Name one war fought by the US in the 1800s.",
   "War of 1812, Mexican-American War, Civil War, or Spanish-American War"
  ],
  [
   "Name the war between the North and the South.",
   "The Civil War"
  ],
  [
   "Name one problem that led to the Civil War.",
   "Slavery, economic differences, or states' rights"
  ],
  [
   "What was one important thing Abraham Lincoln did?",
   "Freed enslaved people (Emancipation Proclamation), saved the Union, or led during the Civil War"
  ],
  [
   "What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?",
   "Declared freedom for enslaved people in rebelling states"
  ],
  [
   "What did Susan B. Anthony do?",
   "Fought for women's rights and the right to vote"
  ],
  [
   "Name one war fought by the US in the 1900s.",
   "World War I, World War II, Korean War, Vietnam War or Gulf War"
  ],
  [
   "Who was president during World War I?",
   "Woodrow Wilson"
  ],
  [
   "Who was president during the Great Depression and World War II?",
   "Franklin Roosevelt"
  ],
  [
   "Who did the US fight in World War II?",
   "Japan, Germany and Italy"
  ],
  [
   "Before he was president, Eisenhower was a general. In which war?",
   "World War II"
  ],
  [
   "What was the main concern of the US during the Cold War?",
   "The spread of communism"
  ],
  [
   "What movement did Martin Luther King Jr. lead?",
   "The civil rights movement"
  ],
  [
   "What did Martin Luther King Jr. do?",
   "Fought for civil rights and equality for all Americans using nonviolence"
  ],
  [
   "What major event happened on September 11, 2001?",
   "Terrorists attacked the United States"
  ],
  [
   "Name one American Indian tribe in the US.",
   "Cherokee, Navajo, Sioux, Apache, Iroquois, Pueblo and many others"
  ],
  [
   "Name one of the two longest rivers in the US.",
   "The Missouri River or the Mississippi River"
  ],
  [
   "What ocean is on the West Coast?",
   "The Pacific Ocean"
  ],
  [
   "What ocean is on the East Coast?",
   "The Atlantic Ocean"
  ],
  [
   "Name one US territory.",
   "Puerto Rico, Guam, US Virgin Islands, American Samoa or Northern Mariana Islands"
  ],
  [
   "Name one state that borders Canada.",
   "Maine, New York, Montana, Washington, Alaska and others"
  ],
  [
   "Name one state that borders Mexico.",
   "California, Arizona, New Mexico or Texas"
  ],
  [
   "What is the capital of the US?",
   "Washington, DC"
  ],
  [
   "Where is the Statue of Liberty?",
   "New York Harbor, near Liberty Island"
  ],
  [
   "Why does the flag have 13 stripes?",
   "They stand for the original 13 colonies"
  ],
  [
   "Why does the flag have 50 stars?",
   "One for each state"
  ],
  [
   "What is the name of the national anthem?",
   "The Star-Spangled Banner"
  ],
  [
   "Who wrote the words to the national anthem?",
   "Francis Scott Key"
  ],
  [
   "When do we celebrate Independence Day?",
   "July 4"
  ],
  [
   "Name two national US holidays.",
   "New Year's Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents Day, Memorial Day, Juneteenth, Independence Day, Labor Day, Columbus Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving, Christmas"
  ],
  [
   "What is Memorial Day?",
   "A holiday honoring those who died serving in the military, on the last Monday in May"
  ],
  [
   "What is Veterans Day?",
   "A holiday honoring all who served in the military, on November 11"
  ],
  [
   "What is Labor Day?",
   "A holiday honoring workers, on the first Monday in September"
  ],
  [
   "What is Thanksgiving?",
   "A holiday in late November to give thanks, on the fourth Thursday"
  ],
  [
   "What is Juneteenth?",
   "A holiday on June 19 marking the end of slavery"
  ],
  [
   "What are the colors of the US flag?",
   "Red, white and blue"
  ],
  [
   "What is the nickname of the US flag?",
   "The Stars and Stripes"
  ],
  [
   "What is the bald eagle?",
   "The national bird of the United States"
  ],
  [
   "What is E Pluribus Unum?",
   "Latin for 'Out of many, one,' a national motto"
  ],
  [
   "What is the Liberty Bell?",
   "A bell in Philadelphia, a symbol of freedom"
  ],
  [
   "How many states are in the US?",
   "Fifty"
  ],
  [
   "Which cities served as the nation's capital before Washington, DC?",
   "New York City and Philadelphia"
  ],
  [
   "Which state is the largest by area?",
   "Alaska"
  ],
  [
   "Which state is the smallest by area?",
   "Rhode Island"
  ],
  [
   "Which state has the most people?",
   "California"
  ],
  [
   "Which was the last state to join?",
   "Hawaii, in 1959"
  ],
  [
   "Who were the Pilgrims?",
   "English settlers who founded Plymouth in 1620"
  ],
  [
   "What was the Underground Railroad?",
   "A secret network that helped enslaved people escape to freedom"
  ],
  [
   "Who led people on the Underground Railroad?",
   "Harriet Tubman is the best known"
  ],
  [
   "What was the Great Depression?",
   "A severe economic downturn in the 1930s"
  ],
  [
   "What happened at Pearl Harbor?",
   "Japan attacked the US naval base in Hawaii on December 7, 1941"
  ],
  [
   "What is the Fourth of July also called?",
   "Independence Day"
  ]
 ]
}