{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/earth-minerals",
 "id": "earth-minerals",
 "title": "Minerals and Gems",
 "category": "science",
 "subject": "Earth Science",
 "levels": [
  "3-5",
  "6-8",
  "9-12"
 ],
 "description": "Mineral properties, the Mohs scale and well-known minerals.",
 "tags": [
  "minerals",
  "gems"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Term",
 "backLabel": "Meaning",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Mineral",
   "A natural, solid, nonliving substance with a crystal structure and set chemical makeup"
  ],
  [
   "Luster",
   "How the surface of a mineral reflects light"
  ],
  [
   "Streak",
   "The color of a mineral's powder when rubbed on a plate"
  ],
  [
   "Hardness",
   "How easily a mineral can be scratched"
  ],
  [
   "Mohs scale",
   "A scale of mineral hardness from 1 to 10"
  ],
  [
   "Cleavage",
   "When a mineral breaks along flat surfaces"
  ],
  [
   "Fracture",
   "When a mineral breaks unevenly"
  ],
  [
   "Crystal form",
   "The shape of a mineral's crystals"
  ],
  [
   "Specific gravity",
   "How heavy a mineral is compared to water"
  ],
  [
   "Magnetism",
   "Some minerals, like magnetite, are attracted to a magnet"
  ],
  [
   "Ore",
   "A rock that has enough metal to be worth mining"
  ],
  [
   "Gemstone",
   "A mineral cut and polished for jewelry"
  ],
  [
   "Mohs hardness 1",
   "Talc"
  ],
  [
   "Mohs hardness 2",
   "Gypsum"
  ],
  [
   "Mohs hardness 3",
   "Calcite"
  ],
  [
   "Mohs hardness 4",
   "Fluorite"
  ],
  [
   "Mohs hardness 5",
   "Apatite"
  ],
  [
   "Mohs hardness 6",
   "Orthoclase feldspar"
  ],
  [
   "Mohs hardness 7",
   "Quartz"
  ],
  [
   "Mohs hardness 8",
   "Topaz"
  ],
  [
   "Mohs hardness 9",
   "Corundum"
  ],
  [
   "Mohs hardness 10",
   "Diamond"
  ],
  [
   "Memory trick for the Mohs scale",
   "Talc, gypsum, calcite, fluorite, apatite, orthoclase, quartz, topaz, corundum, diamond"
  ],
  [
   "Softest mineral",
   "Talc"
  ],
  [
   "Hardest natural mineral",
   "Diamond"
  ],
  [
   "Talc",
   "Very soft mineral used to make baby powder"
  ],
  [
   "Gypsum",
   "Soft mineral used for plaster and drywall"
  ],
  [
   "Calcite",
   "Mineral that fizzes in vinegar; makes up limestone"
  ],
  [
   "Quartz",
   "Common hard mineral in sand and granite"
  ],
  [
   "Feldspar",
   "The most common mineral group in Earth's crust"
  ],
  [
   "Mica",
   "Mineral that splits into thin shiny sheets"
  ],
  [
   "Halite",
   "The mineral name for rock salt"
  ],
  [
   "Pyrite",
   "Brassy mineral called fool's gold"
  ],
  [
   "Galena",
   "The main ore of lead"
  ],
  [
   "Hematite",
   "An iron ore with a reddish-brown streak"
  ],
  [
   "Magnetite",
   "A magnetic iron ore"
  ],
  [
   "Bauxite",
   "The main ore of aluminum"
  ],
  [
   "Graphite",
   "Soft carbon mineral used in pencils"
  ],
  [
   "Diamond",
   "Carbon mineral, the hardest natural substance"
  ],
  [
   "Corundum",
   "Mineral that makes rubies and sapphires"
  ],
  [
   "Ruby",
   "A red gem form of corundum"
  ],
  [
   "Sapphire",
   "Usually blue gem form of corundum"
  ],
  [
   "Emerald",
   "A green gem form of beryl"
  ],
  [
   "Amethyst",
   "Purple quartz"
  ],
  [
   "Topaz",
   "A hard gem mineral that comes in many colors"
  ],
  [
   "Garnet",
   "A group of minerals, often deep red"
  ],
  [
   "Opal",
   "A gem with flashing colors, made of silica and water"
  ],
  [
   "Turquoise",
   "A blue-green mineral used in jewelry"
  ],
  [
   "Jade",
   "A green stone used for carvings"
  ],
  [
   "Malachite",
   "A bright green copper mineral"
  ],
  [
   "Fluorite",
   "A mineral that can glow under UV light and comes in many colors"
  ],
  [
   "Sulfur",
   "A yellow mineral element"
  ],
  [
   "Gold",
   "A soft, heavy, valuable native metal"
  ],
  [
   "Native element",
   "A mineral made of just one element, like gold or copper"
  ],
  [
   "Geode",
   "A rock with a hollow filled with crystals"
  ],
  [
   "Stalactite",
   "A mineral formation that hangs from a cave ceiling"
  ],
  [
   "Stalagmite",
   "A mineral formation that rises from a cave floor"
  ],
  [
   "Mineral that your teeth and bones are like",
   "Apatite"
  ],
  [
   "Birthstone for April",
   "Diamond"
  ],
  [
   "Birthstone for January",
   "Garnet"
  ],
  [
   "Birthstone for September",
   "Sapphire"
  ]
 ]
}