#separator:tab #html:false #tags column:4 Mineral A natural, solid, nonliving substance with a crystal structure and set chemical makeup earth-minerals Luster How the surface of a mineral reflects light earth-minerals Streak The color of a mineral's powder when rubbed on a plate earth-minerals Hardness How easily a mineral can be scratched earth-minerals Mohs scale A scale of mineral hardness from 1 to 10 earth-minerals Cleavage When a mineral breaks along flat surfaces earth-minerals Fracture When a mineral breaks unevenly earth-minerals Crystal form The shape of a mineral's crystals earth-minerals Specific gravity How heavy a mineral is compared to water earth-minerals Magnetism Some minerals, like magnetite, are attracted to a magnet earth-minerals Ore A rock that has enough metal to be worth mining earth-minerals Gemstone A mineral cut and polished for jewelry earth-minerals Mohs hardness 1 Talc earth-minerals Mohs hardness 2 Gypsum earth-minerals Mohs hardness 3 Calcite earth-minerals Mohs hardness 4 Fluorite earth-minerals Mohs hardness 5 Apatite earth-minerals Mohs hardness 6 Orthoclase feldspar earth-minerals Mohs hardness 7 Quartz earth-minerals Mohs hardness 8 Topaz earth-minerals Mohs hardness 9 Corundum earth-minerals Mohs hardness 10 Diamond earth-minerals Memory trick for the Mohs scale Talc, gypsum, calcite, fluorite, apatite, orthoclase, quartz, topaz, corundum, diamond earth-minerals Softest mineral Talc earth-minerals Hardest natural mineral Diamond earth-minerals Talc Very soft mineral used to make baby powder earth-minerals Gypsum Soft mineral used for plaster and drywall earth-minerals Calcite Mineral that fizzes in vinegar; makes up limestone earth-minerals Quartz Common hard mineral in sand and granite earth-minerals Feldspar The most common mineral group in Earth's crust earth-minerals Mica Mineral that splits into thin shiny sheets earth-minerals Halite The mineral name for rock salt earth-minerals Pyrite Brassy mineral called fool's gold earth-minerals Galena The main ore of lead earth-minerals Hematite An iron ore with a reddish-brown streak earth-minerals Magnetite A magnetic iron ore earth-minerals Bauxite The main ore of aluminum earth-minerals Graphite Soft carbon mineral used in pencils earth-minerals Diamond Carbon mineral, the hardest natural substance earth-minerals Corundum Mineral that makes rubies and sapphires earth-minerals Ruby A red gem form of corundum earth-minerals Sapphire Usually blue gem form of corundum earth-minerals Emerald A green gem form of beryl earth-minerals Amethyst Purple quartz earth-minerals Topaz A hard gem mineral that comes in many colors earth-minerals Garnet A group of minerals, often deep red earth-minerals Opal A gem with flashing colors, made of silica and water earth-minerals Turquoise A blue-green mineral used in jewelry earth-minerals Jade A green stone used for carvings earth-minerals Malachite A bright green copper mineral earth-minerals Fluorite A mineral that can glow under UV light and comes in many colors earth-minerals Sulfur A yellow mineral element earth-minerals Gold A soft, heavy, valuable native metal earth-minerals Native element A mineral made of just one element, like gold or copper earth-minerals Geode A rock with a hollow filled with crystals earth-minerals Stalactite A mineral formation that hangs from a cave ceiling earth-minerals Stalagmite A mineral formation that rises from a cave floor earth-minerals Mineral that your teeth and bones are like Apatite earth-minerals Birthstone for April Diamond earth-minerals Birthstone for January Garnet earth-minerals Birthstone for September Sapphire earth-minerals