{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/earth-rocks",
 "id": "earth-rocks",
 "title": "Rocks and the Rock Cycle",
 "category": "science",
 "subject": "Earth Science",
 "levels": [
  "3-5",
  "6-8",
  "9-12"
 ],
 "description": "Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and how they form.",
 "tags": [
  "rocks",
  "geology"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Term",
 "backLabel": "Meaning",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Rock",
   "A solid natural material made of one or more minerals"
  ],
  [
   "Igneous rock",
   "Rock formed when melted rock cools and hardens"
  ],
  [
   "Sedimentary rock",
   "Rock formed when sediments are pressed and cemented together"
  ],
  [
   "Metamorphic rock",
   "Rock changed by heat and pressure"
  ],
  [
   "Magma",
   "Melted rock beneath the surface"
  ],
  [
   "Lava",
   "Melted rock that has reached the surface"
  ],
  [
   "Intrusive igneous rock",
   "Igneous rock that cooled slowly underground, with large crystals"
  ],
  [
   "Extrusive igneous rock",
   "Igneous rock that cooled quickly at the surface, with small crystals"
  ],
  [
   "Granite",
   "A light-colored intrusive igneous rock with visible crystals"
  ],
  [
   "Basalt",
   "A dark, fine-grained extrusive igneous rock"
  ],
  [
   "Obsidian",
   "Natural volcanic glass"
  ],
  [
   "Pumice",
   "A light igneous rock full of holes that can float"
  ],
  [
   "Rhyolite",
   "An extrusive rock with the same makeup as granite"
  ],
  [
   "Gabbro",
   "A dark intrusive igneous rock"
  ],
  [
   "Sandstone",
   "Sedimentary rock made of cemented sand grains"
  ],
  [
   "Limestone",
   "Sedimentary rock made mostly of calcium carbonate"
  ],
  [
   "Shale",
   "Sedimentary rock made of compacted clay and mud"
  ],
  [
   "Conglomerate",
   "Sedimentary rock with rounded pebbles cemented in it"
  ],
  [
   "Breccia",
   "Sedimentary rock with angular fragments cemented together"
  ],
  [
   "Coal",
   "A sedimentary rock made from ancient plants"
  ],
  [
   "Chalk",
   "A soft, white form of limestone"
  ],
  [
   "Marble",
   "Metamorphic rock formed from limestone"
  ],
  [
   "Slate",
   "Metamorphic rock formed from shale; splits into flat sheets"
  ],
  [
   "Quartzite",
   "Metamorphic rock formed from sandstone"
  ],
  [
   "Gneiss",
   "A banded metamorphic rock formed from granite or similar rocks"
  ],
  [
   "Schist",
   "Metamorphic rock that shines with mica flakes"
  ],
  [
   "Phyllite",
   "Metamorphic rock between slate and schist"
  ],
  [
   "Weathering",
   "Breaking down of rock by wind, water, ice or plants"
  ],
  [
   "Erosion",
   "Moving of weathered material from one place to another"
  ],
  [
   "Deposition",
   "Dropping of sediments in a new place"
  ],
  [
   "Sediment",
   "Small pieces of rock, shell or soil moved by water, wind or ice"
  ],
  [
   "Compaction",
   "Pressing sediments together under weight"
  ],
  [
   "Cementation",
   "Minerals gluing sediments together"
  ],
  [
   "Lithification",
   "The process that turns sediment into rock"
  ],
  [
   "Rock cycle",
   "The never-ending change of rocks from one type to another"
  ],
  [
   "Foliated",
   "Having layers or bands, as in some metamorphic rocks"
  ],
  [
   "Crystal",
   "A solid with atoms arranged in a repeating pattern"
  ],
  [
   "Fossil",
   "The preserved remains or traces of ancient life"
  ],
  [
   "Which rock type usually contains fossils?",
   "Sedimentary"
  ],
  [
   "Strata",
   "Layers of sedimentary rock"
  ],
  [
   "Law of superposition",
   "In undisturbed layers, the oldest rock is at the bottom"
  ],
  [
   "Core sample",
   "A tube of rock or ice pulled from the ground for study"
  ],
  [
   "Geologist",
   "A scientist who studies Earth and its rocks"
  ],
  [
   "Petrologist",
   "A scientist who studies rocks"
  ],
  [
   "Soil",
   "A mix of weathered rock, organic matter, water and air"
  ],
  [
   "Humus",
   "Dark, rich decayed plant and animal matter in soil"
  ],
  [
   "Topsoil",
   "The top soil layer, rich in nutrients"
  ],
  [
   "Bedrock",
   "Solid rock beneath soil"
  ],
  [
   "Clay",
   "The smallest soil particles"
  ],
  [
   "Silt",
   "Soil particles of medium size"
  ],
  [
   "Sand",
   "Soil particles larger than silt and smaller than gravel"
  ],
  [
   "Loam",
   "A balanced soil of sand, silt and clay"
  ],
  [
   "Frost wedging",
   "Water freezing in cracks and splitting rock"
  ],
  [
   "Chemical weathering",
   "Rock changed by chemical reactions, like rusting"
  ],
  [
   "Physical (mechanical) weathering",
   "Rock broken into smaller pieces without chemical change"
  ],
  [
   "Delta",
   "Sediment fan built where a river meets a larger body of water"
  ],
  [
   "Glacier",
   "A large moving mass of ice that carves the land"
  ],
  [
   "Rock that forms from lava cooling",
   "Igneous"
  ],
  [
   "Rock that forms from heat and pressure on other rocks",
   "Metamorphic"
  ],
  [
   "Rock that forms in layers",
   "Sedimentary"
  ]
 ]
}