{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/earth-water-cycle-oceans",
 "id": "earth-water-cycle-oceans",
 "title": "Water Cycle and Oceans",
 "category": "science",
 "subject": "Earth Science",
 "levels": [
  "k-2",
  "3-5",
  "6-8"
 ],
 "description": "How water moves around Earth and basic facts about oceans.",
 "tags": [
  "water cycle",
  "oceans"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Question",
 "backLabel": "Answer",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Water cycle",
   "The continuous movement of water between Earth and the air"
  ],
  [
   "Evaporation",
   "Liquid water heated by the Sun turns into vapor"
  ],
  [
   "Transpiration",
   "Plants releasing water vapor from their leaves"
  ],
  [
   "Condensation",
   "Water vapor cools and forms tiny droplets, making clouds"
  ],
  [
   "Precipitation",
   "Water falling as rain, snow, sleet or hail"
  ],
  [
   "Collection",
   "Water gathering in oceans, lakes, rivers and underground"
  ],
  [
   "Runoff",
   "Water flowing over the land into streams and rivers"
  ],
  [
   "Groundwater",
   "Water stored underground in soil and rock"
  ],
  [
   "Aquifer",
   "An underground layer of rock that holds water"
  ],
  [
   "Water table",
   "The top of the groundwater"
  ],
  [
   "Infiltration",
   "Water soaking into the ground"
  ],
  [
   "Surface water",
   "Water in rivers, lakes and streams"
  ],
  [
   "What gives energy to the water cycle?",
   "The Sun"
  ],
  [
   "Freshwater",
   "Water with very little salt"
  ],
  [
   "Saltwater",
   "Water with lots of dissolved salt"
  ],
  [
   "Percent of Earth's water that is fresh, about",
   "3 percent"
  ],
  [
   "Where is most of Earth's fresh water stored?",
   "In glaciers and ice caps"
  ],
  [
   "Five oceans",
   "Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern and Arctic"
  ],
  [
   "Largest ocean",
   "Pacific"
  ],
  [
   "Smallest ocean",
   "Arctic"
  ],
  [
   "Deepest known point in the ocean",
   "Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench"
  ],
  [
   "Salinity",
   "How salty water is"
  ],
  [
   "Average salinity of seawater",
   "About 3.5 percent"
  ],
  [
   "Tide",
   "The daily rise and fall of sea level"
  ],
  [
   "What causes tides?",
   "The pull of the Moon's and Sun's gravity"
  ],
  [
   "High tide",
   "When the water reaches its highest level"
  ],
  [
   "Low tide",
   "When the water reaches its lowest level"
  ],
  [
   "Spring tide",
   "A tide with the biggest range, at new and full moon"
  ],
  [
   "Neap tide",
   "A tide with the smallest range, at quarter moons"
  ],
  [
   "Wave",
   "Energy moving through water"
  ],
  [
   "What makes most ocean waves?",
   "Wind"
  ],
  [
   "Current",
   "A steady flow of water in the ocean"
  ],
  [
   "Gulf Stream",
   "A warm current that flows from the Gulf of Mexico up the US coast"
  ],
  [
   "Upwelling",
   "Cold, nutrient-rich water rising to the surface"
  ],
  [
   "Continental shelf",
   "The shallow part of the seafloor near a continent"
  ],
  [
   "Continental slope",
   "The steep drop from the shelf to the deep ocean"
  ],
  [
   "Abyssal plain",
   "The flat deep ocean floor"
  ],
  [
   "Seamount",
   "An underwater mountain"
  ],
  [
   "Sunlight zone",
   "The top layer of the ocean where light reaches"
  ],
  [
   "Twilight zone",
   "The ocean layer with dim light, about 200 to 1,000 meters deep"
  ],
  [
   "Midnight zone",
   "The deep ocean layer with no sunlight"
  ],
  [
   "Hadal zone",
   "The deepest ocean zone, in trenches"
  ],
  [
   "Oceanography",
   "The study of the ocean"
  ],
  [
   "Sonar",
   "Uses sound to map the seafloor"
  ],
  [
   "Submersible",
   "A small underwater vehicle for deep dives"
  ],
  [
   "Hydrothermal vent",
   "A crack in the seafloor that spews hot water"
  ],
  [
   "Coral reef",
   "An ocean ecosystem built by tiny coral animals"
  ],
  [
   "Mangrove",
   "A tree that grows in salty coastal water"
  ],
  [
   "Plankton",
   "Tiny life that drifts in the ocean"
  ],
  [
   "Kelp forest",
   "A large underwater forest of giant seaweed"
  ],
  [
   "Why is seawater not good to drink?",
   "It has too much salt for our bodies"
  ],
  [
   "Desalination",
   "Removing salt from seawater"
  ],
  [
   "Water pollution",
   "Harmful substances in water"
  ],
  [
   "Oil spill",
   "Oil leaking into the sea, hurting wildlife"
  ],
  [
   "Ocean acidification",
   "The ocean becoming more acidic as it absorbs carbon dioxide"
  ],
  [
   "Coastal erosion",
   "Waves wearing away the shoreline"
  ],
  [
   "Wetland",
   "Land soaked with water, like a marsh or swamp"
  ],
  [
   "Why are wetlands important?",
   "They filter water and shelter many animals"
  ],
  [
   "Reservoir",
   "A man-made lake that stores water"
  ],
  [
   "Dam",
   "A wall built across a river to hold water"
  ]
 ]
}