{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/fun-famous-scientists",
 "id": "fun-famous-scientists",
 "title": "Famous Scientists and Inventors (Past)",
 "category": "trivia-fun",
 "subject": "People",
 "levels": [
  "3-5",
  "6-8",
  "9-12"
 ],
 "description": "Great scientists of history and what each is known for.",
 "tags": [
  "scientists",
  "history",
  "people"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Person",
 "backLabel": "Known for",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Isaac Newton",
   "Laws of motion and gravity (1600s)"
  ],
  [
   "Albert Einstein",
   "Theory of relativity (1900s)"
  ],
  [
   "Galileo Galilei",
   "Used a telescope to study the Moon and Jupiter's moons (1600s)"
  ],
  [
   "Marie Curie",
   "Studied radioactivity; won two Nobel Prizes"
  ],
  [
   "Charles Darwin",
   "Theory of evolution by natural selection (1859)"
  ],
  [
   "Louis Pasteur",
   "Germ theory, pasteurization and vaccines"
  ],
  [
   "Nikola Tesla",
   "Alternating current electricity and many inventions"
  ],
  [
   "Thomas Edison",
   "Light bulb, phonograph, and many patents"
  ],
  [
   "Alexander Graham Bell",
   "Telephone"
  ],
  [
   "Leonardo da Vinci",
   "Painter and inventor who sketched flying machines (1400s-1500s)"
  ],
  [
   "Copernicus",
   "Said the planets orbit the Sun (1500s)"
  ],
  [
   "Johannes Kepler",
   "Laws of planetary motion (1600s)"
  ],
  [
   "Archimedes",
   "Ancient Greek who found the principle of buoyancy"
  ],
  [
   "Aristotle",
   "Greek thinker who studied many sciences"
  ],
  [
   "Ptolemy",
   "Ancient astronomer who mapped the stars"
  ],
  [
   "Gregor Mendel",
   "Founder of genetics using pea plants"
  ],
  [
   "Rosalind Franklin",
   "Her X-ray work helped reveal DNA's structure"
  ],
  [
   "Ada Lovelace",
   "Wrote the first computer program idea"
  ],
  [
   "Alan Turing",
   "Founder of modern computing ideas (1900s)"
  ],
  [
   "Michael Faraday",
   "Electricity and magnetism experiments"
  ],
  [
   "James Clerk Maxwell",
   "Equations of light and electricity"
  ],
  [
   "Dmitri Mendeleev",
   "Created the periodic table (1869)"
  ],
  [
   "Antoine Lavoisier",
   "Father of modern chemistry"
  ],
  [
   "Robert Hooke",
   "Looked at cork and named 'cells'"
  ],
  [
   "Antonie van Leeuwenhoek",
   "Saw tiny microbes with early microscopes"
  ],
  [
   "Edward Jenner",
   "Developed the smallpox vaccine"
  ],
  [
   "Florence Nightingale",
   "Founder of modern nursing"
  ],
  [
   "Joseph Lister",
   "Used clean methods in surgery"
  ],
  [
   "Alexander Fleming",
   "Discovered penicillin"
  ],
  [
   "Jonas Salk",
   "Created a polio vaccine"
  ],
  [
   "Wilhelm Roentgen",
   "Discovered X-rays (1895)"
  ],
  [
   "Ernest Rutherford",
   "Showed that atoms have a nucleus"
  ],
  [
   "Niels Bohr",
   "Model of the atom"
  ],
  [
   "Max Planck",
   "Started quantum theory"
  ],
  [
   "Stephen Hawking",
   "Studied black holes (1942-2018)"
  ],
  [
   "Carl Linnaeus",
   "Created the system for naming living things"
  ],
  [
   "Alfred Wegener",
   "Proposed continental drift"
  ],
  [
   "Edwin Hubble",
   "Showed other galaxies exist and the universe expands"
  ],
  [
   "Henrietta Leavitt",
   "Found a way to measure distances to stars"
  ],
  [
   "Annie Jump Cannon",
   "Sorted stars into classes"
  ],
  [
   "Mary Anning",
   "Fossil hunter who found early marine reptile skeletons"
  ],
  [
   "George Washington Carver",
   "Taught farmers about crop rotation and peanut uses"
  ],
  [
   "Rachel Carson",
   "Wrote Silent Spring about nature and pesticides"
  ],
  [
   "Hypatia",
   "Ancient mathematician and teacher in Alexandria"
  ],
  [
   "Pythagoras",
   "Greek thinker linked to the triangle rule"
  ],
  [
   "Euclid",
   "Wrote the Elements, a famous geometry book"
  ],
  [
   "Blaise Pascal",
   "Mathematician who studied pressure and probability"
  ],
  [
   "Evangelista Torricelli",
   "Invented the barometer"
  ],
  [
   "Robert Boyle",
   "Studied gases and pressure"
  ],
  [
   "Benjamin Franklin",
   "Studied lightning and invented the lightning rod"
  ],
  [
   "Lise Meitner",
   "Helped explain nuclear fission"
  ],
  [
   "Katherine Johnson",
   "NASA mathematician who calculated spaceflight paths"
  ],
  [
   "Wright brothers",
   "Built and flew the first successful airplane"
  ],
  [
   "Samuel Morse",
   "Telegraph and Morse code"
  ],
  [
   "Guglielmo Marconi",
   "Wireless radio"
  ],
  [
   "Henry Ford",
   "Assembly line cars"
  ],
  [
   "James Watt",
   "Improved the steam engine"
  ],
  [
   "Johannes Gutenberg",
   "Printing press in Europe"
  ]
 ]
}