{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/fun-inventions-who",
 "id": "fun-inventions-who",
 "title": "Inventions and Who Made Them",
 "category": "trivia-fun",
 "subject": "Inventions",
 "levels": [
  "3-5",
  "6-8",
  "9-12"
 ],
 "description": "Famous inventions, their inventors, and when.",
 "tags": [
  "inventions",
  "inventors",
  "history"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Invention",
 "backLabel": "Inventor and year",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Telephone",
   "Alexander Graham Bell, patented 1876"
  ],
  [
   "Light bulb (practical)",
   "Thomas Edison, 1879, building on others' work"
  ],
  [
   "Airplane (first powered flight)",
   "Wilbur and Orville Wright, 1903"
  ],
  [
   "Printing press with movable type (Europe)",
   "Johannes Gutenberg, about 1440"
  ],
  [
   "Phonograph",
   "Thomas Edison, 1877"
  ],
  [
   "Steam engine (improved)",
   "James Watt, 1760s-1770s"
  ],
  [
   "Radio (wireless)",
   "Guglielmo Marconi, 1890s"
  ],
  [
   "Television (electronic)",
   "Philo Farnsworth, 1927"
  ],
  [
   "Cotton gin",
   "Eli Whitney, 1793"
  ],
  [
   "Sewing machine (practical)",
   "Elias Howe, 1846"
  ],
  [
   "Dynamite",
   "Alfred Nobel, 1867"
  ],
  [
   "Vaccination (smallpox)",
   "Edward Jenner, 1796"
  ],
  [
   "Pasteurization",
   "Louis Pasteur, 1860s"
  ],
  [
   "Penicillin discovery",
   "Alexander Fleming, 1928"
  ],
  [
   "World Wide Web",
   "Tim Berners-Lee, 1989"
  ],
  [
   "Telescope (first)",
   "Hans Lippershey applied in 1608; Galileo improved it in 1609"
  ],
  [
   "Microscope (early)",
   "Zacharias Janssen and others, about 1590s"
  ],
  [
   "Compass",
   "Invented in ancient China, over 1,000 years ago"
  ],
  [
   "Paper",
   "Invented in China, traditionally credited to Cai Lun about 105 CE"
  ],
  [
   "Gunpowder",
   "Invented in China around 800 CE"
  ],
  [
   "Wheel",
   "Used by ancient peoples in Mesopotamia about 5,500 years ago"
  ],
  [
   "Zipper (modern)",
   "Gideon Sundback, 1913"
  ],
  [
   "Safety pin",
   "Walter Hunt, 1849"
  ],
  [
   "Bicycle (pedal)",
   "Pierre Michaux and others, 1860s"
  ],
  [
   "Automobile (gas-powered)",
   "Karl Benz, 1885-1886"
  ],
  [
   "Model T mass production",
   "Henry Ford, 1908 onward"
  ],
  [
   "Elevator safety brake",
   "Elisha Otis, 1850s"
  ],
  [
   "Refrigerator (early)",
   "Several inventors; Jacob Perkins built an early one in 1834"
  ],
  [
   "Camera (photograph)",
   "Louis Daguerre's daguerreotype, 1839"
  ],
  [
   "Movie camera (kinetoscope)",
   "Thomas Edison and W.K.L. Dickson, 1890s"
  ],
  [
   "Morse code and telegraph",
   "Samuel Morse, 1830s-1840s"
  ],
  [
   "Braille",
   "Louis Braille, 1824"
  ],
  [
   "Stethoscope",
   "Rene Laennec, 1816"
  ],
  [
   "Thermometer (Fahrenheit)",
   "Daniel Fahrenheit, 1714"
  ],
  [
   "Barometer",
   "Evangelista Torricelli, 1643"
  ],
  [
   "Parachute (sketch)",
   "Leonardo da Vinci drew one in about 1485"
  ],
  [
   "Hot air balloon",
   "The Montgolfier brothers, 1783"
  ],
  [
   "Steamboat (successful)",
   "Robert Fulton, 1807"
  ],
  [
   "Locomotive (early)",
   "Richard Trevithick, 1804; George Stephenson's Rocket, 1829"
  ],
  [
   "Battery",
   "Alessandro Volta, 1800"
  ],
  [
   "Electric generator principle",
   "Michael Faraday, 1831"
  ],
  [
   "Alternating current systems",
   "Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse, 1880s-1890s"
  ],
  [
   "Transistor",
   "Bell Labs: Bardeen, Brattain and Shockley, 1947"
  ],
  [
   "Computer (Analytical Engine design)",
   "Charles Babbage, 1830s"
  ],
  [
   "First programmer",
   "Ada Lovelace, wrote notes with the first algorithm in 1843"
  ],
  [
   "Helicopter (practical)",
   "Igor Sikorsky, 1939"
  ],
  [
   "Rocket (liquid fuel)",
   "Robert Goddard, 1926"
  ],
  [
   "Post-it notes",
   "Spencer Silver and Art Fry at 3M, 1970s"
  ],
  [
   "Velcro",
   "George de Mestral, 1941"
  ],
  [
   "Ballpoint pen",
   "Laszlo Biro, 1938"
  ],
  [
   "Pencil with eraser",
   "Hymen Lipman patented one in 1858"
  ],
  [
   "Crayons (modern)",
   "Binney and Smith, 1903"
  ],
  [
   "Basketball",
   "James Naismith, 1891"
  ],
  [
   "Frisbee",
   "Walter Morrison, 1948 (Pluto Platter, then Frisbee)"
  ],
  [
   "Potato chips",
   "Said to be created by George Crum, 1853"
  ],
  [
   "Chocolate chip cookie",
   "Ruth Wakefield, 1938"
  ],
  [
   "Popsicle",
   "Frank Epperson, 1905 as a boy; patented 1923"
  ],
  [
   "Earmuffs",
   "Chester Greenwood, 1873 at age 15"
  ],
  [
   "Trampoline",
   "George Nissen, 1930s"
  ],
  [
   "Snowboard (Snurfer)",
   "Sherman Poppen, 1965"
  ],
  [
   "Skateboard",
   "California surfers of the 1940s-50s"
  ],
  [
   "Traffic light (electric)",
   "James Hoge and others, 1914"
  ]
 ]
}