{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/historical-figures-who-am-i",
 "id": "historical-figures-who-am-i",
 "title": "Historical Figures: Who Am I?",
 "category": "history",
 "subject": "World History",
 "levels": [
  "3-5",
  "6-8",
  "9-12"
 ],
 "description": "Clues about famous people from around the world; guess who it is.",
 "tags": [
  "people",
  "biography",
  "famous figures"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Clue",
 "backLabel": "Who",
 "cards": [
  [
   "I ruled Egypt as a woman and sent ships to the land of Punt.",
   "Hatshepsut"
  ],
  [
   "I built the Great Pyramid at Giza.",
   "Khufu"
  ],
  [
   "I wrote one of the first known law codes in Babylon.",
   "Hammurabi"
  ],
  [
   "I taught by asking questions in Athens and was Plato's teacher.",
   "Socrates"
  ],
  [
   "I tutored Alexander the Great and wrote on logic, science and politics.",
   "Aristotle"
  ],
  [
   "I conquered Persia and spread Greek culture to India's border.",
   "Alexander the Great"
  ],
  [
   "I crossed the Alps with elephants to attack Rome.",
   "Hannibal"
  ],
  [
   "I led the Roman army in Gaul and was killed on the Ides of March.",
   "Julius Caesar"
  ],
  [
   "I became Rome's first emperor in 27 BCE.",
   "Augustus"
  ],
  [
   "I united China and began the Terra-cotta Army.",
   "Qin Shi Huang"
  ],
  [
   "I was a teacher in China who stressed respect, learning and family.",
   "Confucius"
  ],
  [
   "I was a prince in India who became the Buddha.",
   "Siddhartha Gautama"
  ],
  [
   "I ruled the Maurya Empire and turned to peace after a bloody war.",
   "Ashoka"
  ],
  [
   "I am the Prophet of Islam, born in Mecca.",
   "Muhammad"
  ],
  [
   "I was crowned emperor of the Romans in 800.",
   "Charlemagne"
  ],
  [
   "I won England at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.",
   "William the Conqueror"
  ],
  [
   "I was a French teenager who led an army in 1429.",
   "Joan of Arc"
  ],
  [
   "I was a Mongol leader who built the largest land empire.",
   "Genghis Khan"
  ],
  [
   "I ruled Mali and made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324.",
   "Mansa Musa"
  ],
  [
   "I traveled to China and wrote about it in the 1200s.",
   "Marco Polo"
  ],
  [
   "I painted the Mona Lisa and sketched flying machines.",
   "Leonardo da Vinci"
  ],
  [
   "I painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling and carved the David.",
   "Michelangelo"
  ],
  [
   "I printed Bibles with movable type in Europe around 1450.",
   "Johannes Gutenberg"
  ],
  [
   "I wrote 95 theses and began the Reformation.",
   "Martin Luther"
  ],
  [
   "I first sailed across the Atlantic for Spain in 1492.",
   "Christopher Columbus"
  ],
  [
   "My crew first sailed around the world, though I died on the way.",
   "Ferdinand Magellan"
  ],
  [
   "I conquered the Aztec Empire in 1521.",
   "Hernan Cortes"
  ],
  [
   "I was Queen of England during the Spanish Armada.",
   "Elizabeth I"
  ],
  [
   "I wrote Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet.",
   "William Shakespeare"
  ],
  [
   "I used a telescope to see Jupiter's moons.",
   "Galileo Galilei"
  ],
  [
   "I explained gravity and the laws of motion.",
   "Isaac Newton"
  ],
  [
   "I was the Sun King of France.",
   "Louis XIV"
  ],
  [
   "I wrote that people have natural rights to life, liberty and property.",
   "John Locke"
  ],
  [
   "I led the Haitian Revolution.",
   "Toussaint Louverture"
  ],
  [
   "I crowned myself emperor of the French in 1804 and lost at Waterloo.",
   "Napoleon Bonaparte"
  ],
  [
   "I led the fight for independence in northern South America.",
   "Simon Bolivar"
  ],
  [
   "I was the British queen for over 63 years and an era is named after me.",
   "Queen Victoria"
  ],
  [
   "I founded modern nursing in the Crimean War.",
   "Florence Nightingale"
  ],
  [
   "I developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.",
   "Charles Darwin"
  ],
  [
   "I discovered radium and won two Nobel Prizes.",
   "Marie Curie"
  ],
  [
   "I developed the theory of relativity.",
   "Albert Einstein"
  ],
  [
   "I led India to independence through nonviolence.",
   "Mahatma Gandhi"
  ],
  [
   "I led Britain through most of World War II.",
   "Winston Churchill"
  ],
  [
   "I was a South African leader jailed for 27 years who became president.",
   "Nelson Mandela"
  ],
  [
   "I led the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917.",
   "Vladimir Lenin"
  ],
  [
   "I was the first president of the United States.",
   "George Washington"
  ],
  [
   "I wrote the Declaration of Independence.",
   "Thomas Jefferson"
  ],
  [
   "I flew a kite in a storm and signed the Constitution.",
   "Benjamin Franklin"
  ],
  [
   "I wrote most of the Federalist Papers and later became the fourth president.",
   "James Madison"
  ],
  [
   "I was the first Treasury Secretary and later died in a duel.",
   "Alexander Hamilton"
  ],
  [
   "I guided Lewis and Clark.",
   "Sacagawea"
  ],
  [
   "I was the seventh president and fought at New Orleans.",
   "Andrew Jackson"
  ],
  [
   "I was the Shawnee leader who built a Native alliance.",
   "Tecumseh"
  ],
  [
   "I escaped slavery and led others on the Underground Railroad.",
   "Harriet Tubman"
  ],
  [
   "I escaped slavery, wrote an autobiography, and spoke against it.",
   "Frederick Douglass"
  ],
  [
   "I was president during the Civil War.",
   "Abraham Lincoln"
  ],
  [
   "I was the Confederate general who surrendered at Appomattox.",
   "Robert E. Lee"
  ],
  [
   "I led the Union armies and became president.",
   "Ulysses S. Grant"
  ],
  [
   "I founded the American Red Cross.",
   "Clara Barton"
  ],
  [
   "I organized the Seneca Falls Convention.",
   "Elizabeth Cady Stanton"
  ],
  [
   "I campaigned for women's right to vote and was arrested for voting in 1872.",
   "Susan B. Anthony"
  ],
  [
   "I invented the practical light bulb and the phonograph.",
   "Thomas Edison"
  ],
  [
   "I patented the telephone in 1876.",
   "Alexander Graham Bell"
  ],
  [
   "We built and flew the first airplane at Kitty Hawk.",
   "The Wright brothers"
  ],
  [
   "I led the Lakota at the Battle of Little Bighorn.",
   "Sitting Bull"
  ],
  [
   "I was the Nez Perce leader who said I would fight no more forever.",
   "Chief Joseph"
  ],
  [
   "I was the 26th president and a Rough Rider.",
   "Theodore Roosevelt"
  ],
  [
   "I founded Hull House in Chicago.",
   "Jane Addams"
  ],
  [
   "I was president during World War I.",
   "Woodrow Wilson"
  ],
  [
   "I flew solo across the Atlantic in 1927.",
   "Charles Lindbergh"
  ],
  [
   "I was elected four times and started the New Deal.",
   "Franklin D. Roosevelt"
  ],
  [
   "I was the first lady who worked for human rights.",
   "Eleanor Roosevelt"
  ],
  [
   "I became president when FDR died in 1945 and ordered the atomic bombs used.",
   "Harry S. Truman"
  ],
  [
   "I led Allied forces in Europe and became president in 1953.",
   "Dwight D. Eisenhower"
  ],
  [
   "I refused to give up my bus seat in Montgomery.",
   "Rosa Parks"
  ],
  [
   "I said 'I have a dream' at the March on Washington.",
   "Martin Luther King Jr."
  ],
  [
   "I was the first Black player in modern major league baseball.",
   "Jackie Robinson"
  ],
  [
   "I integrated an elementary school in New Orleans at age six.",
   "Ruby Bridges"
  ],
  [
   "I was a young president, 35th, and faced the Cuban Missile Crisis.",
   "John F. Kennedy"
  ],
  [
   "I was the first person to walk on the Moon.",
   "Neil Armstrong"
  ],
  [
   "I was the first Black justice on the Supreme Court.",
   "Thurgood Marshall"
  ],
  [
   "I was the first woman on the Supreme Court.",
   "Sandra Day O'Connor"
  ],
  [
   "I organized farm workers with Dolores Huerta.",
   "Cesar Chavez"
  ],
  [
   "I was the first American woman in space.",
   "Sally Ride"
  ],
  [
   "I was the first Black president of the United States.",
   "Barack Obama"
  ],
  [
   "I was a Pakistani girl who became the youngest Nobel Peace Prize winner.",
   "Malala Yousafzai"
  ],
  [
   "I discovered that germs cause disease and invented a way to make milk safer.",
   "Louis Pasteur"
  ],
  [
   "I created the smallpox vaccine in 1796.",
   "Edward Jenner"
  ],
  [
   "I discovered penicillin.",
   "Alexander Fleming"
  ],
  [
   "I studied chimpanzees in Tanzania.",
   "Jane Goodall"
  ],
  [
   "I wrote Silent Spring about pesticides.",
   "Rachel Carson"
  ],
  [
   "I proposed that Earth moves around the Sun.",
   "Nicolaus Copernicus"
  ],
  [
   "I described the planets' elliptical orbits.",
   "Johannes Kepler"
  ],
  [
   "I wrote Pride and Prejudice.",
   "Jane Austen"
  ],
  [
   "I wrote A Christmas Carol and Oliver Twist.",
   "Charles Dickens"
  ],
  [
   "I wrote Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn.",
   "Mark Twain"
  ],
  [
   "I wrote the Gettysburg Address.",
   "Abraham Lincoln"
  ],
  [
   "I wrote the Communist Manifesto with Engels.",
   "Karl Marx"
  ],
  [
   "I wrote The Wealth of Nations.",
   "Adam Smith"
  ],
  [
   "I wrote Common Sense in 1776.",
   "Thomas Paine"
  ],
  [
   "I said 'Give me liberty, or give me death!'",
   "Patrick Henry"
  ],
  [
   "I rode at night to warn that British troops were coming.",
   "Paul Revere"
  ],
  [
   "I was a Patriot spy who regretted having only one life to give.",
   "Nathan Hale"
  ],
  [
   "I led the Continental Army at Valley Forge.",
   "George Washington"
  ],
  [
   "I helped Jefferson draft the Declaration and became the second president.",
   "John Adams"
  ],
  [
   "I asked my husband to 'remember the ladies.'",
   "Abigail Adams"
  ],
  [
   "I was a Wampanoag leader who made peace with the Pilgrims.",
   "Massasoit"
  ],
  [
   "I taught the Pilgrims to plant corn.",
   "Squanto"
  ],
  [
   "I was a captain at Jamestown who said those who do not work do not eat.",
   "John Smith"
  ],
  [
   "I founded Pennsylvania as a Quaker colony.",
   "William Penn"
  ],
  [
   "I founded Rhode Island and believed in religious freedom.",
   "Roger Williams"
  ],
  [
   "I created the Cherokee writing system.",
   "Sequoyah"
  ],
  [
   "I was a Cherokee leader who became principal chief in 1985.",
   "Wilma Mankiller"
  ],
  [
   "I was the Apache leader who resisted removal.",
   "Geronimo"
  ],
  [
   "I led the Texans to victory at San Jacinto.",
   "Sam Houston"
  ],
  [
   "I was Hawaii's last queen.",
   "Queen Liliuokalani"
  ],
  [
   "I wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin.",
   "Harriet Beecher Stowe"
  ],
  [
   "I founded the Tuskegee Institute.",
   "Booker T. Washington"
  ],
  [
   "I wrote about lynching and fought for justice as a journalist.",
   "Ida B. Wells"
  ],
  [
   "I founded the first Montessori school in Rome.",
   "Maria Montessori"
  ],
  [
   "I became deaf and blind as a baby and wrote books.",
   "Helen Keller"
  ],
  [
   "I disappeared in 1937 while flying around the world.",
   "Amelia Earhart"
  ],
  [
   "I won four gold medals at the 1936 Olympics.",
   "Jesse Owens"
  ],
  [
   "I wrote a diary while in hiding in Amsterdam.",
   "Anne Frank"
  ],
  [
   "I cared for the poor in Kolkata and won a Nobel Peace Prize.",
   "Mother Teresa"
  ],
  [
   "I was Britain's first woman prime minister.",
   "Margaret Thatcher"
  ],
  [
   "I was the Soviet leader who introduced glasnost.",
   "Mikhail Gorbachev"
  ],
  [
   "I was the Kenyan woman who started the Green Belt Movement.",
   "Wangari Maathai"
  ],
  [
   "I was a NASA mathematician who checked orbit calculations for John Glenn.",
   "Katherine Johnson"
  ],
  [
   "I was the first person in space.",
   "Yuri Gagarin"
  ],
  [
   "I was the first American to orbit Earth.",
   "John Glenn"
  ],
  [
   "I was the first woman in space.",
   "Valentina Tereshkova"
  ],
  [
   "I walked on the Moon with Neil Armstrong.",
   "Buzz Aldrin"
  ],
  [
   "I was the Ethiopian emperor who defeated Italy at Adwa.",
   "Menelik II"
  ]
 ]
}