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Wash hands before cooking for how long?	At least 20 seconds with soap and water		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Wash hands after touching raw meat	Yes, always, to stop germs spreading		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Cross-contamination	Germs spreading from one food or surface to another		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Separate cutting boards	Use different boards for raw meat and for vegetables or bread		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Danger zone for food	Between 40 and 140 degrees Fahrenheit, where bacteria grow fast		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Refrigerator temperature	40 degrees Fahrenheit or colder		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Freezer temperature	0 degrees Fahrenheit		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
How long can perishable food sit out?	No more than 2 hours (1 hour if hotter than 90 degrees)		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Safe internal temperature for chicken and turkey	165 degrees Fahrenheit		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Safe internal temperature for ground beef	160 degrees Fahrenheit		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Safe internal temperature for pork, steaks and fish	145 degrees Fahrenheit		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Safe temperature for leftovers	Reheat to 165 degrees Fahrenheit		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Food thermometer	A tool to check that food is cooked enough		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Thaw frozen meat safely	In the refrigerator, cold water, or microwave; not on the counter		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Wash raw chicken?	No, it spreads germs; cook it to temperature instead		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Wash fruits and vegetables	Rinse under running water before eating		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Raw eggs	Can carry germs; don't eat raw dough with eggs		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Raw flour	Can carry germs; don't eat raw cookie dough		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Expiration date	The date after which food may not be safe or best		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
First in, first out	Use older food before newer food		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Leftovers	Refrigerate within 2 hours and eat within 3 to 4 days		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Food poisoning	Illness from eating food with harmful germs		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Bacteria	Tiny living things, some of which make food unsafe		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Salmonella	A bacteria often found in raw poultry and eggs		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
E. coli	A bacteria that can be in undercooked beef and raw vegetables		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Allergen warning	Tell people about nuts, milk, eggs and other allergens in your cooking		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Oven mitts	Use them to hold hot pans and dishes		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Pot handles	Turn them inward so they don't get bumped		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Hot pan lids	Open away from your face to avoid steam burns		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Sharp knife safety	A sharp knife is safer than a dull one because it slips less		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Knife cutting technique: claw grip	Curl fingertips under and keep knuckles forward		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Carrying a knife	Point down, blade against your leg		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Passing a knife	Handle first		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Never catch a falling knife	Step back and let it fall		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Wet floors	Wipe spills right away		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Unplug appliances	Before cleaning them		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Water and electricity	Keep cords and outlets away from water		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Microwave safety	Use only microwave-safe containers; no metal		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Steam from microwaved food	Can burn; open lids away from you		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Grease fire	Smother it with a lid; never use water		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Fire extinguisher in kitchen	Keep one handy and know how to use it		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Baking sheet vs hot water	Never put hot glass into cold water; it can shatter		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Ask an adult for help when	Using the stove, oven, sharp knives or hot oil, unless you have permission		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Clean as you go	Wash tools and wipe surfaces while cooking		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Sanitize	Reduce germs on a surface to a safe level		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Dishwasher vs hand washing	Both work if hot water and soap are used		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Apron	Clothing that protects your clothes while cooking		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Tie back long hair	So it doesn't fall in food or near flames		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Taste-testing	Use a clean spoon each time, don't double dip		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Cooking with kids	Always with an adult nearby		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Seafood storage	Keep on ice or very cold		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Rice left out	Can grow bacteria; cool and refrigerate quickly		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Mold on bread	Throw the whole loaf out		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Canned food with a bulging can	Do not eat		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Smell test	Not a reliable way to know food is safe		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
When in doubt	Throw it out		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Hot oil splatters	Dry food well before putting it in hot oil		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene
Slip-proof footwear	Wear closed-toe shoes in the kitchen		kitchen-safety-and-hygiene