{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/la-grammar-rules",
 "id": "la-grammar-rules",
 "title": "Grammar Rules",
 "category": "language-arts",
 "subject": "English",
 "levels": [
  "6-8",
  "9-12"
 ],
 "description": "Rules for correct sentences, with examples.",
 "tags": [
  "grammar",
  "rules"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Rule",
 "backLabel": "Explanation and example",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Subject-verb agreement",
   "A singular subject takes a singular verb: The dog barks"
  ],
  [
   "Plural subject",
   "A plural subject takes a plural verb: The dogs bark"
  ],
  [
   "Compound subjects with and",
   "Take a plural verb: Tom and Sara are here"
  ],
  [
   "Compound subjects with or",
   "The verb matches the nearer subject: Neither Tom nor the girls are here"
  ],
  [
   "Collective noun",
   "Usually takes a singular verb: The team is ready"
  ],
  [
   "Everyone, somebody, each",
   "Indefinite pronouns that take singular verbs: Everyone is here"
  ],
  [
   "Both, few, many",
   "Take plural verbs: Both are ready"
  ],
  [
   "I vs. me",
   "Use I as a subject, me as an object: Sam and I went; she gave Sam and me a gift"
  ],
  [
   "Who vs. whom",
   "Who is the subject; whom is the object: Who called? To whom did you speak?"
  ],
  [
   "Fewer vs. less",
   "Fewer for things you count, less for amounts: fewer cookies, less milk"
  ],
  [
   "Between vs. among",
   "Between for two, among for three or more"
  ],
  [
   "Good vs. well",
   "Good is an adjective, well is an adverb: She sings well"
  ],
  [
   "Lie vs. lay",
   "Lie means to rest; lay means to place something down"
  ],
  [
   "Sit vs. set",
   "Sit means to be seated; set means to put something"
  ],
  [
   "Bring vs. take",
   "Bring toward the speaker; take away from the speaker"
  ],
  [
   "Its vs. it's",
   "Its shows ownership; it's means it is"
  ],
  [
   "Your vs. you're",
   "Your shows ownership; you're means you are"
  ],
  [
   "Their, there, they're",
   "Their shows ownership, there is a place, they're means they are"
  ],
  [
   "Whose vs. who's",
   "Whose shows ownership; who's means who is"
  ],
  [
   "Then vs. than",
   "Then is time; than compares"
  ],
  [
   "Double negatives",
   "Avoid two negatives: I have no apples, not I don't have no apples"
  ],
  [
   "Pronoun agreement",
   "Pronouns match their antecedents in number"
  ],
  [
   "Parallel structure",
   "Use the same form in a list: running, jumping and swimming"
  ],
  [
   "Dangling modifier",
   "A modifier that does not clearly attach to what it describes"
  ],
  [
   "Misplaced modifier",
   "A modifier placed too far from the word it describes"
  ],
  [
   "Sentence fragments",
   "Every sentence needs a subject and a verb and a complete thought"
  ],
  [
   "Run-on sentences",
   "Fix with a period, semicolon, or a comma plus conjunction"
  ],
  [
   "Verb tense consistency",
   "Keep the same tense unless time changes"
  ],
  [
   "Active voice",
   "Prefer subject doing the action: Maria wrote the letter"
  ],
  [
   "Adjectives before nouns",
   "Opinion, size, age, shape, color, origin, material, purpose"
  ],
  [
   "Comparatives with -er",
   "Short adjectives: taller, faster"
  ],
  [
   "Comparatives with more",
   "Longer adjectives: more beautiful"
  ],
  [
   "Superlatives with -est",
   "Short adjectives: tallest, fastest"
  ],
  [
   "Irregular comparisons",
   "good, better, best; bad, worse, worst"
  ],
  [
   "A vs. an",
   "Use an before a vowel sound: an hour, a university"
  ],
  [
   "Adverbs end in -ly",
   "Often, but not always: quickly, but fast"
  ],
  [
   "Possessive pronouns have no apostrophe",
   "his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs"
  ],
  [
   "Singular possessive",
   "Add 's: the girl's bike"
  ],
  [
   "Plural possessive",
   "Add ' after plural s: the girls' bikes"
  ],
  [
   "Irregular plural possessive",
   "Add 's: the children's toys"
  ],
  [
   "Prepositions at the end",
   "It is acceptable in plain speech: What are you looking at?"
  ],
  [
   "Split infinitive",
   "Putting a word between to and the verb: to boldly go; usually fine"
  ],
  [
   "Capitalizing the first word",
   "Every sentence starts with a capital letter"
  ],
  [
   "Ending punctuation",
   "Statements end with a period, questions with a question mark"
  ],
  [
   "Gerund as subject",
   "Takes a singular verb: Swimming is fun"
  ],
  [
   "Conditional sentences",
   "If it rains, we will stay home"
  ],
  [
   "Reflexive pronouns",
   "Use only when the subject also receives the action: I hurt myself"
  ],
  [
   "Redundancy",
   "Avoid saying the same thing twice: not \"very unique\""
  ],
  [
   "Absolute adjectives",
   "Words like unique, perfect, complete cannot be compared"
  ],
  [
   "Past participle",
   "Used with have: have gone, not have went"
  ],
  [
   "Irregular verbs",
   "go, went, gone; see, saw, seen; eat, ate, eaten"
  ],
  [
   "Subjunctive",
   "Use were for wishes: I wish I were taller"
  ],
  [
   "Apostrophe in contractions",
   "Shows missing letters: don't = do not"
  ],
  [
   "Nonrestrictive clause",
   "Extra information set off with commas"
  ],
  [
   "Restrictive clause",
   "Needed information with no commas"
  ],
  [
   "Passive voice",
   "Subject receives the action; use when the doer is unknown"
  ],
  [
   "Pronoun case",
   "Use the case that fits the pronoun's job in the sentence"
  ],
  [
   "Comparative with than",
   "Use than after comparisons: taller than me"
  ],
  [
   "Quantity words",
   "Many for count nouns, much for mass nouns: many books, much water"
  ],
  [
   "Amount vs. number",
   "Amount for things you cannot count, number for things you can"
  ],
  [
   "Farther vs. further",
   "Farther for distance, further for degree"
  ],
  [
   "Should have, not should of",
   "Write should have, would have, could have"
  ]
 ]
}