#separator:tab #html:false #tags column:4 noun A person, place, thing or idea: teacher, park, joy la-parts-of-speech common noun A general name: city, dog la-parts-of-speech proper noun A specific name, capitalized: Paris, Max la-parts-of-speech concrete noun A noun you can sense: apple, rain la-parts-of-speech abstract noun An idea or feeling: freedom, love la-parts-of-speech singular noun One thing: book la-parts-of-speech plural noun More than one: books la-parts-of-speech possessive noun Shows ownership: the dog's bone la-parts-of-speech collective noun A group named as one: team, flock la-parts-of-speech verb An action or state word: run, is la-parts-of-speech action verb Shows doing: jump, write la-parts-of-speech linking verb Joins the subject to more information: is, seem la-parts-of-speech helping verb Helps the main verb: can, will, has la-parts-of-speech verb tense Shows when something happens la-parts-of-speech past tense Already happened: walked la-parts-of-speech present tense Happening now: walks la-parts-of-speech future tense Will happen: will walk la-parts-of-speech present perfect Happened at an unspecified time or still true: has walked la-parts-of-speech past perfect Happened before another past event: had walked la-parts-of-speech irregular verb A verb that does not add -ed for past: go becomes went la-parts-of-speech adjective Describes a noun: tall, red, three la-parts-of-speech adverb Describes a verb, adjective or adverb: quickly, very la-parts-of-speech pronoun Takes the place of a noun: he, they, it la-parts-of-speech subject pronoun Does the action: I, you, he, she, it, we, they la-parts-of-speech object pronoun Receives the action: me, him, her, us, them la-parts-of-speech possessive pronoun Shows ownership: mine, yours, hers, ours la-parts-of-speech reflexive pronoun Reflects back on the subject: myself, themselves la-parts-of-speech relative pronoun Introduces a clause: who, which, that la-parts-of-speech demonstrative pronoun Points to something: this, that, these, those la-parts-of-speech interrogative pronoun Asks a question: who, what, which la-parts-of-speech antecedent The noun a pronoun replaces la-parts-of-speech preposition Shows position or relation: in, on, under, between la-parts-of-speech prepositional phrase A preposition with its object: under the table la-parts-of-speech conjunction Joins words or phrases: and, but, or la-parts-of-speech coordinating conjunction Joins equal parts: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS) la-parts-of-speech subordinating conjunction Starts a dependent clause: because, although, when la-parts-of-speech interjection A word showing strong feeling: wow, ouch la-parts-of-speech article A word before a noun: a, an, the la-parts-of-speech definite article The word the, for a specific noun la-parts-of-speech indefinite article A or an, for any noun la-parts-of-speech determiner A word that introduces a noun: this, my, some la-parts-of-speech subject Who or what the sentence is about la-parts-of-speech predicate The part that tells what the subject does or is la-parts-of-speech direct object Receives the action of the verb: She kicked the ball la-parts-of-speech indirect object Receives the direct object: She gave him the ball la-parts-of-speech complement A word that completes the meaning of the predicate la-parts-of-speech modifier A word or phrase that describes another la-parts-of-speech phrase A group of words without a subject and verb together la-parts-of-speech clause A group of words with a subject and a verb la-parts-of-speech independent clause A clause that can stand alone as a sentence la-parts-of-speech dependent clause A clause that cannot stand alone la-parts-of-speech simple sentence One independent clause la-parts-of-speech compound sentence Two independent clauses joined together la-parts-of-speech complex sentence One independent and one or more dependent clauses la-parts-of-speech compound-complex sentence Two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause la-parts-of-speech declarative sentence Makes a statement la-parts-of-speech interrogative sentence Asks a question la-parts-of-speech imperative sentence Gives a command la-parts-of-speech exclamatory sentence Shows strong feeling la-parts-of-speech fragment An incomplete sentence la-parts-of-speech run-on sentence Two or more sentences joined wrongly la-parts-of-speech comma splice Two independent clauses joined only by a comma la-parts-of-speech active voice The subject does the action: The dog chased the cat la-parts-of-speech passive voice The subject receives the action: The cat was chased by the dog la-parts-of-speech infinitive To plus a verb: to run la-parts-of-speech gerund A verb ending in -ing used as a noun: Swimming is fun la-parts-of-speech participle A verb form used as an adjective: a broken cup la-parts-of-speech comparative Compares two: taller, more careful la-parts-of-speech superlative Compares three or more: tallest, most careful la-parts-of-speech positive degree The basic form of an adjective: tall la-parts-of-speech mood (grammar) The verb form that shows the attitude: indicative, imperative, subjunctive la-parts-of-speech subjunctive mood Used for wishes and unreal conditions: If I were you la-parts-of-speech appositive A noun phrase that renames another noun: my dog, Rex la-parts-of-speech contraction Two words joined with an apostrophe: don't la-parts-of-speech possessive A form showing ownership la-parts-of-speech transitive verb A verb that takes a direct object la-parts-of-speech intransitive verb A verb with no direct object la-parts-of-speech double negative Two negatives in one clause (avoid): I don't have no pencil la-parts-of-speech parallel structure Using the same pattern for items in a list la-parts-of-speech subject-verb agreement The verb must match its subject in number la-parts-of-speech pronoun-antecedent agreement A pronoun must match the noun it replaces la-parts-of-speech