{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/la-punctuation-rules",
 "id": "la-punctuation-rules",
 "title": "Punctuation Marks and Rules",
 "category": "language-arts",
 "subject": "English",
 "levels": [
  "3-5",
  "6-8"
 ],
 "description": "What each punctuation mark does and when to use it.",
 "tags": [
  "punctuation",
  "writing"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Mark or rule",
 "backLabel": "Use",
 "cards": [
  [
   "period",
   "Ends a statement or command"
  ],
  [
   "question mark",
   "Ends a question"
  ],
  [
   "exclamation point",
   "Shows strong feeling or a shout"
  ],
  [
   "comma in a list",
   "Separate three or more items: red, blue, and green"
  ],
  [
   "comma after introductory words",
   "After words that begin a sentence: First, wash your hands"
  ],
  [
   "comma before a conjunction",
   "Join two complete sentences: I ran, and she walked"
  ],
  [
   "comma in direct address",
   "Separate a name: Maya, come here"
  ],
  [
   "comma in dates",
   "Between day and year: July 4, 1776"
  ],
  [
   "comma in addresses",
   "Between city and state: Austin, Texas"
  ],
  [
   "comma in a letter greeting",
   "After Dear Sam"
  ],
  [
   "comma after yes or no",
   "Yes, I will"
  ],
  [
   "comma with quotations",
   "Separate a speaker from the quote: She said, \"Hello\""
  ],
  [
   "comma with appositive",
   "Sets off a renaming phrase: My dog, Rex, barks"
  ],
  [
   "semicolon",
   "Joins two closely related complete sentences"
  ],
  [
   "semicolon in a list",
   "Separates items that already contain commas"
  ],
  [
   "colon before a list",
   "After a full statement: You need three things: a pen, paper and time"
  ],
  [
   "colon in time",
   "Separates hours and minutes: 3:30"
  ],
  [
   "colon after a business greeting",
   "Dear Sir or Madam:"
  ],
  [
   "apostrophe in a contraction",
   "Shows missing letters: can't"
  ],
  [
   "apostrophe for possession",
   "Shows ownership: Tom's hat"
  ],
  [
   "apostrophe never in plurals",
   "Plural of dog is dogs, not dog's"
  ],
  [
   "quotation marks",
   "Show a speaker's exact words"
  ],
  [
   "quotation marks for titles",
   "Short works: poems, songs, articles"
  ],
  [
   "italics or underline",
   "Titles of long works: books, movies, magazines"
  ],
  [
   "hyphen",
   "Joins words: well-known, twenty-one"
  ],
  [
   "hyphen at line end",
   "Splits a word between syllables"
  ],
  [
   "en dash",
   "Shows a range: pages 10-20"
  ],
  [
   "em dash",
   "A strong break or interruption in a sentence"
  ],
  [
   "parentheses",
   "Enclose extra information"
  ],
  [
   "brackets",
   "Enclose added words inside a quote"
  ],
  [
   "ellipsis",
   "Three dots showing omitted words or a pause"
  ],
  [
   "slash",
   "Shows alternatives: and/or"
  ],
  [
   "Capital at start",
   "Every sentence begins with a capital letter"
  ],
  [
   "Period in abbreviation",
   "Mr., Dr., St."
  ],
  [
   "Comma splice",
   "Do not join two sentences with only a comma"
  ],
  [
   "Quotation ending",
   "Periods and commas go inside the closing quotation mark"
  ],
  [
   "Question inside quotation",
   "Question mark inside if the quote is the question"
  ],
  [
   "Dialogue paragraphs",
   "Start a new paragraph when a new person speaks"
  ],
  [
   "Colon vs. semicolon",
   "Colon introduces; semicolon joins"
  ],
  [
   "Oxford comma",
   "The comma before and in a list: apples, pears, and plums"
  ],
  [
   "Comma between adjectives",
   "Use when you can swap the order or put and between: a tall, strong tree"
  ],
  [
   "Comma before a tag question",
   "You are coming, aren't you?"
  ],
  [
   "Commas with nonessential phrases",
   "Set off extra information: My sister, who is ten, swims"
  ],
  [
   "Run-on fix",
   "Use a period, semicolon or conjunction"
  ],
  [
   "Exclamation overuse",
   "Use sparingly so it keeps its power"
  ],
  [
   "Possessive of plural nouns",
   "Add an apostrophe after the s: the dogs' bowls"
  ],
  [
   "Possessive of names ending in s",
   "Add 's or just an apostrophe: James's or James'"
  ]
 ]
}