{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/math-vocab-6-8",
 "id": "math-vocab-6-8",
 "title": "Math Words for Grades 6-8",
 "category": "math",
 "subject": "Math",
 "levels": [
  "6-8"
 ],
 "description": "Middle school math vocabulary: ratios, integers, expressions, equations, geometry and statistics.",
 "tags": [
  "vocabulary",
  "middle school"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Word",
 "backLabel": "Meaning",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Ratio",
   "A comparison of two quantities by division",
   "3 to 5, or 3:5"
  ],
  [
   "Rate",
   "A ratio that compares two different kinds of units",
   "60 miles per hour"
  ],
  [
   "Unit rate",
   "A rate with 1 as the second quantity",
   "$2 per pound"
  ],
  [
   "Proportion",
   "An equation that says two ratios are equal"
  ],
  [
   "Percent",
   "A ratio out of 100"
  ],
  [
   "Integer",
   "A whole number or its opposite: ..., −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, ..."
  ],
  [
   "Rational number",
   "A number that can be written as a fraction of two integers"
  ],
  [
   "Irrational number",
   "A number that cannot be written as a fraction; its decimal never ends or repeats",
   "π, √2"
  ],
  [
   "Real numbers",
   "All rational and irrational numbers together"
  ],
  [
   "Absolute value",
   "A number's distance from zero on the number line"
  ],
  [
   "Opposite numbers",
   "Two numbers the same distance from zero on opposite sides",
   "5 and −5"
  ],
  [
   "Negative number",
   "A number less than zero"
  ],
  [
   "Greatest common factor (GCF)",
   "The largest factor two numbers share"
  ],
  [
   "Least common multiple (LCM)",
   "The smallest multiple two numbers share"
  ],
  [
   "Prime factorization",
   "Writing a number as a product of primes",
   "12 = 2 × 2 × 3"
  ],
  [
   "Exponent",
   "A small raised number that tells how many times to use the base as a factor"
  ],
  [
   "Base",
   "The number that is multiplied by itself in a power"
  ],
  [
   "Power",
   "A number written with a base and an exponent"
  ],
  [
   "Square root",
   "A number that, multiplied by itself, gives the original number"
  ],
  [
   "Scientific notation",
   "Writing a number as a number from 1 to 10 times a power of 10",
   "3.2 × 10^4"
  ],
  [
   "Term",
   "A number, variable, or product in an expression"
  ],
  [
   "Coefficient",
   "The number multiplied by a variable",
   "In 7x, the coefficient is 7"
  ],
  [
   "Constant",
   "A term that does not change; a plain number"
  ],
  [
   "Like terms",
   "Terms with the same variable part",
   "3x and 5x"
  ],
  [
   "Inequality",
   "A statement that two values are not equal",
   "x > 4"
  ],
  [
   "Solution",
   "A value that makes an equation or inequality true"
  ],
  [
   "Slope",
   "How steep a line is; rise over run"
  ],
  [
   "Y-intercept",
   "The point where a graph crosses the y-axis"
  ],
  [
   "Function",
   "A rule that gives exactly one output for each input"
  ],
  [
   "Input",
   "The value you put into a function"
  ],
  [
   "Output",
   "The value that comes out of a function"
  ],
  [
   "Linear equation",
   "An equation whose graph is a straight line"
  ],
  [
   "Quadrant",
   "One of the four regions of a coordinate plane"
  ],
  [
   "Origin",
   "The point (0, 0) where the axes cross"
  ],
  [
   "Pythagorean theorem",
   "In a right triangle, a² + b² = c²"
  ],
  [
   "Hypotenuse",
   "The longest side of a right triangle, opposite the right angle"
  ],
  [
   "Legs",
   "The two shorter sides of a right triangle"
  ],
  [
   "Circumference",
   "The distance around a circle"
  ],
  [
   "Radius",
   "The distance from the center of a circle to its edge"
  ],
  [
   "Diameter",
   "The distance across a circle through its center; twice the radius"
  ],
  [
   "Pi (π)",
   "The ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter; about 3.14159"
  ],
  [
   "Surface area",
   "The total area of all the faces of a solid"
  ],
  [
   "Prism",
   "A solid with two identical parallel bases and rectangular sides"
  ],
  [
   "Pyramid",
   "A solid with one base and triangular faces that meet at a point"
  ],
  [
   "Net",
   "A flat pattern that folds up into a solid"
  ],
  [
   "Similar figures",
   "Shapes with the same angles and proportional sides"
  ],
  [
   "Scale factor",
   "The number you multiply lengths by to enlarge or shrink a figure"
  ],
  [
   "Transformation",
   "A move that changes a figure's position or size"
  ],
  [
   "Translation",
   "Slide a figure without turning or flipping it"
  ],
  [
   "Reflection",
   "Flip a figure over a line"
  ],
  [
   "Rotation",
   "Turn a figure around a point"
  ],
  [
   "Dilation",
   "Enlarge or shrink a figure from a center point"
  ],
  [
   "Complementary angles",
   "Two angles that add up to 90 degrees"
  ],
  [
   "Supplementary angles",
   "Two angles that add up to 180 degrees"
  ],
  [
   "Vertical angles",
   "Opposite angles formed by two crossing lines; they are equal"
  ],
  [
   "Adjacent angles",
   "Two angles that share a side and a vertex"
  ],
  [
   "Transversal",
   "A line that crosses two or more other lines"
  ],
  [
   "Mean",
   "The average of a set of numbers"
  ],
  [
   "Median",
   "The middle value of ordered data"
  ],
  [
   "Mode",
   "The most frequent value"
  ],
  [
   "Range",
   "Greatest value minus least value"
  ],
  [
   "Outlier",
   "A value far from the rest of the data"
  ],
  [
   "Quartile",
   "One of the three values that split ordered data into four equal parts"
  ],
  [
   "Interquartile range (IQR)",
   "The third quartile minus the first quartile"
  ],
  [
   "Box plot",
   "A graph that shows the median, quartiles and extremes of data"
  ],
  [
   "Histogram",
   "A bar graph with no gaps that shows how data are spread across intervals"
  ],
  [
   "Probability",
   "A number from 0 to 1 that tells how likely an event is"
  ],
  [
   "Sample space",
   "The set of all possible outcomes"
  ],
  [
   "Compound event",
   "An event made of two or more simple events"
  ],
  [
   "Variable",
   "A letter that stands for a number that can change"
  ],
  [
   "Evaluate",
   "Find the value of an expression by putting in numbers"
  ],
  [
   "Simplify",
   "Rewrite an expression in its simplest form"
  ],
  [
   "Inverse operation",
   "An operation that undoes another"
  ],
  [
   "Reciprocal",
   "The number that multiplies with another to make 1",
   "The reciprocal of 3/4 is 4/3"
  ],
  [
   "Terminating decimal",
   "A decimal that ends",
   "0.25"
  ],
  [
   "Repeating decimal",
   "A decimal with a digit or group of digits that repeats forever",
   "0.333..."
  ],
  [
   "Markup",
   "An amount added to a cost to set the selling price"
  ],
  [
   "Discount",
   "An amount subtracted from a price"
  ],
  [
   "Simple interest",
   "Interest earned only on the starting amount: I = Prt"
  ]
 ]
}