Ratio: A comparison of two quantities by division
Rate: A ratio that compares two different kinds of units
Unit rate: A rate with 1 as the second quantity
Proportion: An equation that says two ratios are equal
Percent: A ratio out of 100
Integer: A whole number or its opposite: ..., −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, ...
Rational number: A number that can be written as a fraction of two integers
Irrational number: A number that cannot be written as a fraction; its decimal never ends or repeats
Real numbers: All rational and irrational numbers together
Absolute value: A number's distance from zero on the number line
Opposite numbers: Two numbers the same distance from zero on opposite sides
Negative number: A number less than zero
Greatest common factor (GCF): The largest factor two numbers share
Least common multiple (LCM): The smallest multiple two numbers share
Prime factorization: Writing a number as a product of primes
Exponent: A small raised number that tells how many times to use the base as a factor
Base: The number that is multiplied by itself in a power
Power: A number written with a base and an exponent
Square root: A number that, multiplied by itself, gives the original number
Scientific notation: Writing a number as a number from 1 to 10 times a power of 10
Term: A number, variable, or product in an expression
Coefficient: The number multiplied by a variable
Constant: A term that does not change; a plain number
Like terms: Terms with the same variable part
Inequality: A statement that two values are not equal
Solution: A value that makes an equation or inequality true
Slope: How steep a line is; rise over run
Y-intercept: The point where a graph crosses the y-axis
Function: A rule that gives exactly one output for each input
Input: The value you put into a function
Output: The value that comes out of a function
Linear equation: An equation whose graph is a straight line
Quadrant: One of the four regions of a coordinate plane
Origin: The point (0, 0) where the axes cross
Pythagorean theorem: In a right triangle, a² + b² = c²
Hypotenuse: The longest side of a right triangle, opposite the right angle
Legs: The two shorter sides of a right triangle
Circumference: The distance around a circle
Radius: The distance from the center of a circle to its edge
Diameter: The distance across a circle through its center; twice the radius
Pi (π): The ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter; about 3.14159
Surface area: The total area of all the faces of a solid
Prism: A solid with two identical parallel bases and rectangular sides
Pyramid: A solid with one base and triangular faces that meet at a point
Net: A flat pattern that folds up into a solid
Similar figures: Shapes with the same angles and proportional sides
Scale factor: The number you multiply lengths by to enlarge or shrink a figure
Transformation: A move that changes a figure's position or size
Translation: Slide a figure without turning or flipping it
Reflection: Flip a figure over a line
Rotation: Turn a figure around a point
Dilation: Enlarge or shrink a figure from a center point
Complementary angles: Two angles that add up to 90 degrees
Supplementary angles: Two angles that add up to 180 degrees
Vertical angles: Opposite angles formed by two crossing lines; they are equal
Adjacent angles: Two angles that share a side and a vertex
Transversal: A line that crosses two or more other lines
Mean: The average of a set of numbers
Median: The middle value of ordered data
Mode: The most frequent value
Range: Greatest value minus least value
Outlier: A value far from the rest of the data
Quartile: One of the three values that split ordered data into four equal parts
Interquartile range (IQR): The third quartile minus the first quartile
Box plot: A graph that shows the median, quartiles and extremes of data
Histogram: A bar graph with no gaps that shows how data are spread across intervals
Probability: A number from 0 to 1 that tells how likely an event is
Sample space: The set of all possible outcomes
Compound event: An event made of two or more simple events
Variable: A letter that stands for a number that can change
Evaluate: Find the value of an expression by putting in numbers
Simplify: Rewrite an expression in its simplest form
Inverse operation: An operation that undoes another
Reciprocal: The number that multiplies with another to make 1
Terminating decimal: A decimal that ends
Repeating decimal: A decimal with a digit or group of digits that repeats forever
Markup: An amount added to a cost to set the selling price
Discount: An amount subtracted from a price
Simple interest: Interest earned only on the starting amount: I = Prt

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