{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/math-vocab-9-12",
 "id": "math-vocab-9-12",
 "title": "Math Words for High School",
 "category": "math",
 "subject": "Math",
 "levels": [
  "9-12"
 ],
 "description": "High school vocabulary from algebra, geometry, trigonometry and precalculus.",
 "tags": [
  "vocabulary",
  "high school"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Word",
 "backLabel": "Meaning",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Domain",
   "The set of all possible inputs of a function"
  ],
  [
   "Range (of a function)",
   "The set of all possible outputs of a function"
  ],
  [
   "Relation",
   "A set of ordered pairs"
  ],
  [
   "Inverse function",
   "A function that undoes another function",
   "f⁻¹(x)"
  ],
  [
   "Composition of functions",
   "Using the output of one function as the input of another",
   "f(g(x))"
  ],
  [
   "Polynomial",
   "A sum of terms, each a number times a variable to a whole-number power"
  ],
  [
   "Degree (of a polynomial)",
   "The highest exponent of the variable"
  ],
  [
   "Leading coefficient",
   "The coefficient of the term with the highest power"
  ],
  [
   "Monomial",
   "A polynomial with one term"
  ],
  [
   "Binomial",
   "A polynomial with two terms"
  ],
  [
   "Trinomial",
   "A polynomial with three terms"
  ],
  [
   "Root (zero)",
   "An input that makes a function equal zero"
  ],
  [
   "Quadratic",
   "A polynomial of degree 2",
   "ax² + bx + c"
  ],
  [
   "Parabola",
   "The U-shaped graph of a quadratic function"
  ],
  [
   "Vertex (of a parabola)",
   "The highest or lowest point of the parabola"
  ],
  [
   "Axis of symmetry",
   "The line that splits a parabola into mirror halves"
  ],
  [
   "Discriminant",
   "b² − 4ac; tells how many real roots a quadratic has"
  ],
  [
   "Imaginary unit (i)",
   "The number whose square is −1"
  ],
  [
   "Complex number",
   "A number of the form a + bi"
  ],
  [
   "Conjugate",
   "The binomial with the opposite sign in the middle",
   "a + bi and a − bi"
  ],
  [
   "Asymptote",
   "A line that a graph gets closer and closer to"
  ],
  [
   "Exponential function",
   "A function where the variable is in the exponent",
   "y = 2^x"
  ],
  [
   "Logarithm",
   "The exponent you need on a base to get a number"
  ],
  [
   "Natural logarithm",
   "A logarithm with base e, written ln"
  ],
  [
   "Euler's number (e)",
   "An irrational constant, about 2.71828"
  ],
  [
   "Sequence",
   "A list of numbers in order"
  ],
  [
   "Arithmetic sequence",
   "A sequence with a constant difference between terms"
  ],
  [
   "Geometric sequence",
   "A sequence with a constant ratio between terms"
  ],
  [
   "Series",
   "The sum of the terms of a sequence"
  ],
  [
   "Sigma (Σ)",
   "The symbol meaning add up a list of terms"
  ],
  [
   "Matrix",
   "A rectangular array of numbers in rows and columns"
  ],
  [
   "System of equations",
   "Two or more equations with the same variables"
  ],
  [
   "Linear programming",
   "Finding the best value of a quantity under linear limits"
  ],
  [
   "Theorem",
   "A statement that has been proven"
  ],
  [
   "Postulate (axiom)",
   "A statement accepted as true without proof"
  ],
  [
   "Proof",
   "A logical argument that shows a statement is true"
  ],
  [
   "Conjecture",
   "A guess based on a pattern that has not been proven"
  ],
  [
   "Counterexample",
   "An example that shows a statement is false"
  ],
  [
   "Converse",
   "A conditional statement with its parts swapped",
   "If Q, then P"
  ],
  [
   "Contrapositive",
   "The converse of the inverse; it always has the same truth as the original statement"
  ],
  [
   "Inductive reasoning",
   "Drawing a general rule from patterns"
  ],
  [
   "Deductive reasoning",
   "Drawing a conclusion from facts that are known to be true"
  ],
  [
   "Congruent triangles",
   "Triangles with all matching sides and angles equal"
  ],
  [
   "Locus",
   "The set of all points that follow a given rule"
  ],
  [
   "Inscribed",
   "Drawn inside another figure and touching it"
  ],
  [
   "Circumscribed",
   "Drawn around another figure and touching it"
  ],
  [
   "Tangent (to a circle)",
   "A line that touches a circle at exactly one point"
  ],
  [
   "Secant",
   "A line that cuts through a circle at two points"
  ],
  [
   "Chord",
   "A segment with both endpoints on a circle"
  ],
  [
   "Arc",
   "A part of a circle's edge"
  ],
  [
   "Sector",
   "A pie-slice region of a circle"
  ],
  [
   "Radian",
   "An angle measure; the angle whose arc equals the radius"
  ],
  [
   "Sine",
   "In a right triangle, opposite over hypotenuse"
  ],
  [
   "Cosine",
   "In a right triangle, adjacent over hypotenuse"
  ],
  [
   "Tangent (trigonometry)",
   "In a right triangle, opposite over adjacent"
  ],
  [
   "Unit circle",
   "A circle of radius 1 centered at the origin"
  ],
  [
   "Amplitude",
   "Half the distance between the highest and lowest values of a wave"
  ],
  [
   "Period",
   "The length of one full cycle of a repeating graph"
  ],
  [
   "Limit",
   "The value a function gets close to as the input approaches a number"
  ],
  [
   "Continuous",
   "Having a graph with no breaks, jumps or holes"
  ],
  [
   "Derivative",
   "The rate at which a function changes; the slope of its tangent"
  ],
  [
   "Integral",
   "The accumulated total under a curve; area under a graph"
  ],
  [
   "Vector",
   "A quantity with both size and direction"
  ],
  [
   "Scalar",
   "A quantity with size only"
  ],
  [
   "Permutation",
   "An arrangement of items in which order matters"
  ],
  [
   "Combination",
   "A selection of items in which order does not matter"
  ],
  [
   "Standard deviation",
   "A measure of how spread out data are around the mean"
  ],
  [
   "Normal distribution",
   "A bell-shaped, symmetric distribution"
  ],
  [
   "Correlation",
   "A measure of how two variables move together"
  ],
  [
   "Regression line",
   "The line of best fit through a scatter plot"
  ],
  [
   "Residual",
   "The difference between an actual value and the predicted value"
  ],
  [
   "Conic section",
   "A curve from slicing a cone: circle, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola"
  ],
  [
   "Ellipse",
   "An oval shape; the set of points whose distances to two foci add to a constant"
  ],
  [
   "Hyperbola",
   "A curve with two branches; the set of points whose distances to two foci differ by a constant"
  ],
  [
   "Polar coordinates",
   "Describing a point by distance from the origin and an angle"
  ],
  [
   "Rational function",
   "A function that is a ratio of two polynomials"
  ],
  [
   "Extraneous solution",
   "A solution that comes from the working but does not fit the original equation"
  ]
 ]
}