#separator:tab #html:false #tags column:4 Domain The set of all possible inputs of a function math-vocab-9-12 Range (of a function) The set of all possible outputs of a function math-vocab-9-12 Relation A set of ordered pairs math-vocab-9-12 Inverse function A function that undoes another function (f⁻¹(x)) math-vocab-9-12 Composition of functions Using the output of one function as the input of another (f(g(x))) math-vocab-9-12 Polynomial A sum of terms, each a number times a variable to a whole-number power math-vocab-9-12 Degree (of a polynomial) The highest exponent of the variable math-vocab-9-12 Leading coefficient The coefficient of the term with the highest power math-vocab-9-12 Monomial A polynomial with one term math-vocab-9-12 Binomial A polynomial with two terms math-vocab-9-12 Trinomial A polynomial with three terms math-vocab-9-12 Root (zero) An input that makes a function equal zero math-vocab-9-12 Quadratic A polynomial of degree 2 (ax² + bx + c) math-vocab-9-12 Parabola The U-shaped graph of a quadratic function math-vocab-9-12 Vertex (of a parabola) The highest or lowest point of the parabola math-vocab-9-12 Axis of symmetry The line that splits a parabola into mirror halves math-vocab-9-12 Discriminant b² − 4ac; tells how many real roots a quadratic has math-vocab-9-12 Imaginary unit (i) The number whose square is −1 math-vocab-9-12 Complex number A number of the form a + bi math-vocab-9-12 Conjugate The binomial with the opposite sign in the middle (a + bi and a − bi) math-vocab-9-12 Asymptote A line that a graph gets closer and closer to math-vocab-9-12 Exponential function A function where the variable is in the exponent (y = 2^x) math-vocab-9-12 Logarithm The exponent you need on a base to get a number math-vocab-9-12 Natural logarithm A logarithm with base e, written ln math-vocab-9-12 Euler's number (e) An irrational constant, about 2.71828 math-vocab-9-12 Sequence A list of numbers in order math-vocab-9-12 Arithmetic sequence A sequence with a constant difference between terms math-vocab-9-12 Geometric sequence A sequence with a constant ratio between terms math-vocab-9-12 Series The sum of the terms of a sequence math-vocab-9-12 Sigma (Σ) The symbol meaning add up a list of terms math-vocab-9-12 Matrix A rectangular array of numbers in rows and columns math-vocab-9-12 System of equations Two or more equations with the same variables math-vocab-9-12 Linear programming Finding the best value of a quantity under linear limits math-vocab-9-12 Theorem A statement that has been proven math-vocab-9-12 Postulate (axiom) A statement accepted as true without proof math-vocab-9-12 Proof A logical argument that shows a statement is true math-vocab-9-12 Conjecture A guess based on a pattern that has not been proven math-vocab-9-12 Counterexample An example that shows a statement is false math-vocab-9-12 Converse A conditional statement with its parts swapped (If Q, then P) math-vocab-9-12 Contrapositive The converse of the inverse; it always has the same truth as the original statement math-vocab-9-12 Inductive reasoning Drawing a general rule from patterns math-vocab-9-12 Deductive reasoning Drawing a conclusion from facts that are known to be true math-vocab-9-12 Congruent triangles Triangles with all matching sides and angles equal math-vocab-9-12 Locus The set of all points that follow a given rule math-vocab-9-12 Inscribed Drawn inside another figure and touching it math-vocab-9-12 Circumscribed Drawn around another figure and touching it math-vocab-9-12 Tangent (to a circle) A line that touches a circle at exactly one point math-vocab-9-12 Secant A line that cuts through a circle at two points math-vocab-9-12 Chord A segment with both endpoints on a circle math-vocab-9-12 Arc A part of a circle's edge math-vocab-9-12 Sector A pie-slice region of a circle math-vocab-9-12 Radian An angle measure; the angle whose arc equals the radius math-vocab-9-12 Sine In a right triangle, opposite over hypotenuse math-vocab-9-12 Cosine In a right triangle, adjacent over hypotenuse math-vocab-9-12 Tangent (trigonometry) In a right triangle, opposite over adjacent math-vocab-9-12 Unit circle A circle of radius 1 centered at the origin math-vocab-9-12 Amplitude Half the distance between the highest and lowest values of a wave math-vocab-9-12 Period The length of one full cycle of a repeating graph math-vocab-9-12 Limit The value a function gets close to as the input approaches a number math-vocab-9-12 Continuous Having a graph with no breaks, jumps or holes math-vocab-9-12 Derivative The rate at which a function changes; the slope of its tangent math-vocab-9-12 Integral The accumulated total under a curve; area under a graph math-vocab-9-12 Vector A quantity with both size and direction math-vocab-9-12 Scalar A quantity with size only math-vocab-9-12 Permutation An arrangement of items in which order matters math-vocab-9-12 Combination A selection of items in which order does not matter math-vocab-9-12 Standard deviation A measure of how spread out data are around the mean math-vocab-9-12 Normal distribution A bell-shaped, symmetric distribution math-vocab-9-12 Correlation A measure of how two variables move together math-vocab-9-12 Regression line The line of best fit through a scatter plot math-vocab-9-12 Residual The difference between an actual value and the predicted value math-vocab-9-12 Conic section A curve from slicing a cone: circle, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola math-vocab-9-12 Ellipse An oval shape; the set of points whose distances to two foci add to a constant math-vocab-9-12 Hyperbola A curve with two branches; the set of points whose distances to two foci differ by a constant math-vocab-9-12 Polar coordinates Describing a point by distance from the origin and an angle math-vocab-9-12 Rational function A function that is a ratio of two polynomials math-vocab-9-12 Extraneous solution A solution that comes from the working but does not fit the original equation math-vocab-9-12