{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/music-dynamics-tempo-italian",
 "id": "music-dynamics-tempo-italian",
 "title": "Dynamics and Tempo Terms",
 "category": "arts-music",
 "subject": "Music Theory",
 "levels": [
  "3-5",
  "6-8",
  "9-12",
  "adult"
 ],
 "description": "Italian words and abbreviations that tell musicians how loud, how fast and how to play.",
 "tags": [
  "dynamics",
  "tempo",
  "Italian terms"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Term",
 "backLabel": "Meaning",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Piano (p)",
   "Soft"
  ],
  [
   "Pianissimo (pp)",
   "Very soft"
  ],
  [
   "Pianississimo (ppp)",
   "As soft as possible"
  ],
  [
   "Mezzo piano (mp)",
   "Medium soft"
  ],
  [
   "Mezzo forte (mf)",
   "Medium loud"
  ],
  [
   "Forte (f)",
   "Loud"
  ],
  [
   "Fortissimo (ff)",
   "Very loud"
  ],
  [
   "Fortississimo (fff)",
   "As loud as possible"
  ],
  [
   "Sforzando (sfz)",
   "A sudden strong accent"
  ],
  [
   "Crescendo",
   "Gradually getting louder"
  ],
  [
   "Decrescendo",
   "Gradually getting softer"
  ],
  [
   "Diminuendo",
   "Gradually getting softer"
  ],
  [
   "Subito",
   "Suddenly"
  ],
  [
   "Fortepiano (fp)",
   "Loud then immediately soft"
  ],
  [
   "Largo",
   "Very slow and broad"
  ],
  [
   "Lento",
   "Slow"
  ],
  [
   "Adagio",
   "Slow and at ease"
  ],
  [
   "Andante",
   "At a walking pace"
  ],
  [
   "Moderato",
   "At a moderate speed"
  ],
  [
   "Allegretto",
   "Fairly fast, a little slower than allegro"
  ],
  [
   "Allegro",
   "Fast and lively"
  ],
  [
   "Vivace",
   "Lively and fast"
  ],
  [
   "Presto",
   "Very fast"
  ],
  [
   "Prestissimo",
   "As fast as possible"
  ],
  [
   "Accelerando",
   "Gradually getting faster"
  ],
  [
   "Ritardando (rit.)",
   "Gradually getting slower"
  ],
  [
   "Rallentando",
   "Gradually slowing down"
  ],
  [
   "Ritenuto",
   "Immediately slower"
  ],
  [
   "A tempo",
   "Return to the original speed"
  ],
  [
   "Rubato",
   "Flexible tempo, speeding up and slowing down expressively"
  ],
  [
   "Tempo primo",
   "Return to the first tempo"
  ],
  [
   "Legato",
   "Smooth and connected"
  ],
  [
   "Staccato",
   "Short and detached"
  ],
  [
   "Marcato",
   "Marked, with emphasis"
  ],
  [
   "Tenuto",
   "Held for its full value"
  ],
  [
   "Pizzicato",
   "Plucked with the finger on a string instrument"
  ],
  [
   "Arco",
   "Played with the bow"
  ],
  [
   "Cantabile",
   "In a singing style"
  ],
  [
   "Dolce",
   "Sweetly"
  ],
  [
   "Espressivo",
   "With expression"
  ],
  [
   "Maestoso",
   "Majestically"
  ],
  [
   "Grazioso",
   "Gracefully"
  ],
  [
   "Giocoso",
   "Playfully"
  ],
  [
   "Scherzando",
   "Playfully, jokingly"
  ],
  [
   "Agitato",
   "Agitated, restless"
  ],
  [
   "Con brio",
   "With spirit"
  ],
  [
   "Con fuoco",
   "With fire"
  ],
  [
   "Sostenuto",
   "Sustained"
  ],
  [
   "Poco",
   "A little"
  ],
  [
   "Molto",
   "Very, much"
  ],
  [
   "Meno",
   "Less"
  ],
  [
   "Più",
   "More"
  ],
  [
   "Poco a poco",
   "Little by little"
  ],
  [
   "Sempre",
   "Always"
  ],
  [
   "Assai",
   "Very"
  ],
  [
   "Non troppo",
   "Not too much"
  ],
  [
   "Tutti",
   "All performers together"
  ],
  [
   "Solo",
   "One performer alone"
  ],
  [
   "Da capo (D.C.)",
   "Go back to the beginning"
  ],
  [
   "Dal segno (D.S.)",
   "Go back to the sign"
  ],
  [
   "Fine",
   "The end"
  ],
  [
   "Coda",
   "An ending section"
  ],
  [
   "Tacet",
   "Be silent"
  ],
  [
   "Mezzo",
   "Half or medium"
  ],
  [
   "Alla breve",
   "Cut time, two beats in a measure"
  ],
  [
   "Metronome",
   "A device that clicks a steady beat"
  ],
  [
   "BPM",
   "Beats per minute"
  ],
  [
   "Con sordino",
   "With a mute"
  ],
  [
   "Senza",
   "Without"
  ],
  [
   "Morendo",
   "Dying away"
  ],
  [
   "Calando",
   "Growing softer and slower"
  ],
  [
   "Animato",
   "Animated, with life"
  ]
 ]
}