{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/music-intervals-chords-scales",
 "id": "music-intervals-chords-scales",
 "title": "Intervals, Chords and Scales",
 "category": "arts-music",
 "subject": "Music Theory",
 "levels": [
  "6-8",
  "9-12",
  "college",
  "adult"
 ],
 "description": "Interval names, chord types and scale patterns in Western music.",
 "tags": [
  "intervals",
  "chords",
  "scales"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Term",
 "backLabel": "Meaning",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Interval",
   "The distance between two pitches"
  ],
  [
   "Half step",
   "The smallest distance on a piano, one key to the very next key"
  ],
  [
   "Whole step",
   "Two half steps"
  ],
  [
   "Unison (perfect 1st)",
   "Two notes on the same pitch"
  ],
  [
   "Major 2nd",
   "Two half steps",
   "C up to D"
  ],
  [
   "Major 3rd",
   "Four half steps",
   "C up to E"
  ],
  [
   "Minor 3rd",
   "Three half steps",
   "C up to Eb"
  ],
  [
   "Perfect 4th",
   "Five half steps",
   "C up to F"
  ],
  [
   "Tritone (augmented 4th)",
   "Six half steps",
   "C up to F#"
  ],
  [
   "Perfect 5th",
   "Seven half steps",
   "C up to G"
  ],
  [
   "Minor 6th",
   "Eight half steps",
   "C up to Ab"
  ],
  [
   "Major 6th",
   "Nine half steps",
   "C up to A"
  ],
  [
   "Minor 7th",
   "Ten half steps",
   "C up to Bb"
  ],
  [
   "Major 7th",
   "Eleven half steps",
   "C up to B"
  ],
  [
   "Perfect octave",
   "Twelve half steps, same note name at a higher pitch"
  ],
  [
   "Minor 2nd",
   "One half step",
   "C up to Db"
  ],
  [
   "Consonance",
   "Intervals that sound stable and pleasant"
  ],
  [
   "Dissonance",
   "Intervals that sound tense and want to resolve"
  ],
  [
   "Major scale pattern",
   "W W H W W W H",
   "Whole and half steps"
  ],
  [
   "Natural minor scale pattern",
   "W H W W H W W"
  ],
  [
   "Harmonic minor scale",
   "Natural minor with a raised 7th"
  ],
  [
   "Melodic minor scale (ascending)",
   "Natural minor with raised 6th and 7th"
  ],
  [
   "Chromatic scale",
   "All twelve half steps in an octave"
  ],
  [
   "Pentatonic scale",
   "A five-note scale"
  ],
  [
   "Whole tone scale",
   "A six-note scale made only of whole steps"
  ],
  [
   "Blues scale",
   "A minor pentatonic scale with an added flat fifth"
  ],
  [
   "Scale degree 1",
   "Tonic"
  ],
  [
   "Scale degree 2",
   "Supertonic"
  ],
  [
   "Scale degree 3",
   "Mediant"
  ],
  [
   "Scale degree 4",
   "Subdominant"
  ],
  [
   "Scale degree 5",
   "Dominant"
  ],
  [
   "Scale degree 6",
   "Submediant"
  ],
  [
   "Scale degree 7",
   "Leading tone"
  ],
  [
   "Octave",
   "Interval where the higher note vibrates at twice the frequency"
  ],
  [
   "Chord",
   "Three or more notes sounded together"
  ],
  [
   "Triad",
   "A three-note chord built from stacked thirds"
  ],
  [
   "Root",
   "The note a chord is named for and built on"
  ],
  [
   "Major triad",
   "Root, major third, perfect fifth",
   "C E G"
  ],
  [
   "Minor triad",
   "Root, minor third, perfect fifth",
   "C Eb G"
  ],
  [
   "Diminished triad",
   "Root, minor third, diminished fifth",
   "C Eb Gb"
  ],
  [
   "Augmented triad",
   "Root, major third, augmented fifth",
   "C E G#"
  ],
  [
   "Dominant seventh chord",
   "A major triad plus a minor seventh",
   "G B D F"
  ],
  [
   "Major seventh chord",
   "A major triad plus a major seventh",
   "C E G B"
  ],
  [
   "Minor seventh chord",
   "A minor triad plus a minor seventh",
   "C Eb G Bb"
  ],
  [
   "Suspended 4th (sus4)",
   "Chord with the third replaced by the fourth",
   "C F G"
  ],
  [
   "First inversion",
   "A chord with its third in the bass"
  ],
  [
   "Second inversion",
   "A chord with its fifth in the bass"
  ],
  [
   "Root position",
   "A chord with its root in the bass"
  ],
  [
   "Arpeggio",
   "The notes of a chord played one after another"
  ],
  [
   "Chord progression",
   "A series of chords played in order"
  ],
  [
   "I chord",
   "Tonic chord, built on the first scale degree"
  ],
  [
   "V chord",
   "Dominant chord, built on the fifth scale degree"
  ],
  [
   "IV chord",
   "Subdominant chord, built on the fourth scale degree"
  ],
  [
   "I-IV-V",
   "A very common progression of chords in rock, folk and blues"
  ],
  [
   "Twelve-bar blues",
   "A 12-measure chord pattern built on I, IV and V"
  ],
  [
   "Cadence",
   "A chord pair that ends a musical phrase"
  ],
  [
   "Authentic cadence",
   "V chord to I chord"
  ],
  [
   "Plagal cadence",
   "IV chord to I chord",
   "The Amen cadence"
  ],
  [
   "C major triad notes",
   "C E G"
  ],
  [
   "G major triad notes",
   "G B D"
  ],
  [
   "F major triad notes",
   "F A C"
  ],
  [
   "A minor triad notes",
   "A C E"
  ],
  [
   "D minor triad notes",
   "D F A"
  ],
  [
   "C major scale notes",
   "C D E F G A B C"
  ],
  [
   "G major scale notes",
   "G A B C D E F# G"
  ],
  [
   "F major scale notes",
   "F G A Bb C D E F"
  ]
 ]
}