#separator:tab #html:false #tags column:4 Indigenous peoples The first peoples of a land, here the Native peoples of the Americas native-american-nations-history Native nation A tribal community with its own government and culture native-american-nations-history Sovereignty The right of a nation to govern itself; many Native nations are sovereign within the US native-american-nations-history Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy of six nations in the Northeast: Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, Tuscarora native-american-nations-history Great Law of Peace Haudenosaunee constitution that joined the nations in a league native-american-nations-history Longhouse Long bark-covered home shared by Haudenosaunee families native-american-nations-history Three Sisters Corn, beans and squash, grown together by many Native farmers native-american-nations-history Wampanoag People of southeastern Massachusetts who met the Pilgrims native-american-nations-history Massasoit Wampanoag leader who made a peace with the Pilgrims in 1621 native-american-nations-history Squanto (Tisquantum) Patuxet man who helped the Pilgrims survive native-american-nations-history Powhatan Leader of a confederacy of Algonquian nations in Virginia native-american-nations-history Algonquian Large language family of eastern and central North America native-american-nations-history Wigwam Dome-shaped home covered with bark or mats, used by many Eastern nations native-american-nations-history Lenape (Delaware) People of the Delaware River area and Manhattan native-american-nations-history Cherokee Southeastern nation with its own writing system, created by Sequoyah native-american-nations-history Sequoyah Created the Cherokee syllabary in the 1820s native-american-nations-history Trail of Tears Forced removal of Cherokee and other southeastern nations in the 1830s native-american-nations-history Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, Seminole Other nations forced west by removal, along with the Cherokee native-american-nations-history Seminole People who resisted removal in Florida in several wars native-american-nations-history Indian Removal Act (1830) Law that led to the forced move of Native nations to lands west of the Mississippi native-american-nations-history Navajo (Diné) Largest Native nation by population in the US, in the Southwest native-american-nations-history Long Walk (1864) Forced march of the Navajo to Bosque Redondo native-american-nations-history Navajo Code Talkers Marines in WWII who used the Navajo language as an unbreakable code native-american-nations-history Hogan Traditional Navajo home native-american-nations-history Pueblo peoples Hopi, Zuni, Taos and others who built villages of adobe in the Southwest native-american-nations-history Adobe Sun-dried brick made from clay and straw native-american-nations-history Pueblo Revolt (1680) Pueblo peoples drove the Spanish from New Mexico for about twelve years native-american-nations-history Popé Pueblo leader of the 1680 revolt native-american-nations-history Hopi Pueblo people of northern Arizona with ancient farming traditions native-american-nations-history Apache Southwestern nations including the Chiricahua native-american-nations-history Geronimo Apache leader who resisted forced removal native-american-nations-history Lakota Western Sioux people of the Great Plains native-american-nations-history Sioux (Dakota, Lakota, Nakota) Three related groups of Plains and prairie peoples native-american-nations-history Tipi Cone-shaped tent used by Plains peoples that could be moved easily native-american-nations-history Bison Plains peoples used nearly every part of the bison for food, tools and shelter native-american-nations-history Sitting Bull Lakota leader who resisted taking of the Black Hills native-american-nations-history Crazy Horse Lakota war leader at the Battle of the Little Bighorn native-american-nations-history Red Cloud Oglala Lakota leader who won a war in 1868 forcing the US to abandon forts native-american-nations-history Wounded Knee (1890) Massacre of Lakota people by the US Army in South Dakota native-american-nations-history Cheyenne Plains people who allied with the Arapaho and Lakota native-american-nations-history Comanche Skilled horse riders who dominated the southern plains native-american-nations-history Crow (Apsáalooke) Plains nation of Montana native-american-nations-history Blackfoot Plains nation in Montana and Alberta native-american-nations-history Nez Perce People of the Pacific Northwest plateau led by Chief Joseph in 1877 native-american-nations-history Chief Joseph Nez Perce leader who led a long march toward Canada and said 'I will fight no more forever' native-american-nations-history Totem pole Carved cedar pole telling family stories, made by Northwest Coast peoples native-american-nations-history Potlatch Feast where hosts gave gifts, practiced by Northwest Coast nations native-american-nations-history Tlingit, Haida, Kwakiutl Northwest Coast peoples famed for carving and salmon fishing native-american-nations-history Salmon Key food for Northwest peoples native-american-nations-history Inuit Indigenous peoples of the Arctic, who built igloos for winter hunting shelters native-american-nations-history Aleut (Unangan) Indigenous people of the Aleutian Islands in Alaska native-american-nations-history Kayak Narrow hunting boat developed by Arctic peoples native-american-nations-history Hawaiians Native Hawaiians are the Indigenous people of Hawaii, with their own language and culture native-american-nations-history Mississippian culture Mound-building societies in the Mississippi Valley, about 800-1500 CE native-american-nations-history Cahokia Largest Mississippian city, near St. Louis, with Monks Mound native-american-nations-history Hopewell Ancient Ohio Valley culture known for earthworks and trade native-american-nations-history Adena Early mound-building culture in the Ohio Valley native-american-nations-history Ancestral Puebloans Ancient builders of cliff dwellings like Mesa Verde native-american-nations-history Mesa Verde Colorado site of cliff dwellings built about 1190-1280 CE native-american-nations-history Chaco Canyon Ancient Pueblo center in New Mexico with great houses native-american-nations-history Mohawk Easternmost nation of the Haudenosaunee native-american-nations-history Pontiac's War (1763) Native alliance rose against British forces in the Great Lakes native-american-nations-history Tecumseh Shawnee leader who tried to unite Native nations in the early 1800s native-american-nations-history Tenskwatawa Shawnee prophet, Tecumseh's brother native-american-nations-history Joseph Brant Mohawk leader who sided with the British in the Revolution native-american-nations-history Worcester v. Georgia (1832) Supreme Court said Georgia could not control Cherokee land native-american-nations-history Reservation Land reserved for Native nations by treaty or law native-american-nations-history Indian Territory Land in present Oklahoma where many removed nations were sent native-american-nations-history Dawes Act (1887) Broke up reservation land into individual plots, reducing Native land native-american-nations-history Boarding schools Schools that separated Native children from their families and languages native-american-nations-history Indian Citizenship Act (1924) Granted US citizenship to Native Americans born in the US native-american-nations-history Indian Reorganization Act (1934) Ended allotment and encouraged tribal self-government native-american-nations-history American Indian Movement Activist group formed in 1968 native-american-nations-history Indian Self-Determination Act (1975) Gave tribes more control over programs and schools native-american-nations-history Powwow Gathering with dance, song and food celebrating Native culture native-american-nations-history Oral tradition Passing history and stories by speaking rather than writing native-american-nations-history Language revitalization Native communities are teaching and restoring their languages native-american-nations-history Native American Heritage Month November native-american-nations-history Jim Thorpe Sac and Fox athlete who won Olympic gold medals in 1912 native-american-nations-history Maria Tallchief Osage ballerina, America's first major prima ballerina native-american-nations-history Wilma Mankiller First woman elected Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation, in 1985 native-american-nations-history Deb Haaland Laguna Pueblo member who was the first Native American US cabinet secretary native-american-nations-history Charles Curtis Kaw Nation member who served as vice president under Hoover native-american-nations-history