{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/phys-electricity-magnetism",
 "id": "phys-electricity-magnetism",
 "title": "Electricity and Magnetism",
 "category": "science",
 "subject": "Physics",
 "levels": [
  "3-5",
  "6-8",
  "9-12"
 ],
 "description": "Circuits, charge, current and magnets.",
 "tags": [
  "electricity",
  "magnetism",
  "circuits"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Term",
 "backLabel": "Meaning",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Electric charge",
   "A property of matter that can be positive or negative"
  ],
  [
   "Like charges",
   "Repel each other"
  ],
  [
   "Opposite charges",
   "Attract each other"
  ],
  [
   "Proton charge",
   "Positive"
  ],
  [
   "Electron charge",
   "Negative"
  ],
  [
   "Neutron charge",
   "None; neutral"
  ],
  [
   "Static electricity",
   "Charge that builds up on an object"
  ],
  [
   "Example of static electricity",
   "A balloon sticking to your hair after rubbing"
  ],
  [
   "Lightning",
   "A huge spark of static electricity in clouds"
  ],
  [
   "Current",
   "The flow of electric charge"
  ],
  [
   "Voltage",
   "The push that moves charge in a circuit"
  ],
  [
   "Resistance",
   "How much a material resists current"
  ],
  [
   "Circuit",
   "A complete path for electricity"
  ],
  [
   "Open circuit",
   "A circuit with a break, so no current flows"
  ],
  [
   "Closed circuit",
   "A complete loop where current flows"
  ],
  [
   "Series circuit",
   "Parts connected in one path; if one breaks all stop"
  ],
  [
   "Parallel circuit",
   "Parts connected on separate paths; if one breaks others keep working"
  ],
  [
   "Switch",
   "A device that opens or closes a circuit"
  ],
  [
   "Battery",
   "A source that provides electrical energy from chemical reactions"
  ],
  [
   "Cell",
   "One unit of a battery"
  ],
  [
   "Wire",
   "A thin strand of metal that carries current"
  ],
  [
   "Conductor",
   "A material that lets current flow easily"
  ],
  [
   "Insulator",
   "A material that blocks current"
  ],
  [
   "Examples of conductors",
   "Copper, silver, aluminum and water with salt"
  ],
  [
   "Examples of insulators",
   "Rubber, plastic, glass and wood"
  ],
  [
   "Fuse",
   "A safety part that melts and breaks the circuit if the current is too high"
  ],
  [
   "Circuit breaker",
   "A switch that shuts off a circuit when it carries too much current"
  ],
  [
   "Ground",
   "A path that carries extra current safely into the Earth"
  ],
  [
   "Alternating current (AC)",
   "Current that changes direction back and forth; used in homes"
  ],
  [
   "Direct current (DC)",
   "Current that flows one way; from batteries"
  ],
  [
   "Generator",
   "A device that turns motion into electricity"
  ],
  [
   "Transformer",
   "A device that changes the voltage of AC"
  ],
  [
   "Resistor",
   "A part that limits the current in a circuit"
  ],
  [
   "Capacitor",
   "A part that stores electric charge"
  ],
  [
   "Diode",
   "A part that lets current flow one way"
  ],
  [
   "Transistor",
   "A tiny switch or amplifier in electronics"
  ],
  [
   "Semiconductor",
   "A material, like silicon, that conducts better than an insulator but less than a metal"
  ],
  [
   "Magnet",
   "An object that attracts iron and has a north and south pole"
  ],
  [
   "Magnetic pole",
   "The end of a magnet where force is strongest"
  ],
  [
   "Like poles",
   "Repel"
  ],
  [
   "Opposite poles",
   "Attract"
  ],
  [
   "Magnetic field",
   "The region around a magnet where its force acts"
  ],
  [
   "Magnetic materials",
   "Iron, nickel and cobalt"
  ],
  [
   "Compass",
   "Needle magnet that points to Earth's magnetic north"
  ],
  [
   "Earth's magnetic field",
   "Produced by moving molten iron in the outer core"
  ],
  [
   "Electromagnet",
   "A magnet made by running current through a coil, often around an iron core"
  ],
  [
   "Electromagnetic induction",
   "Making current by changing a magnetic field near a wire"
  ],
  [
   "Who discovered electromagnetic induction in 1831?",
   "Michael Faraday"
  ],
  [
   "Who showed in 1820 that electric current creates a magnetic field?",
   "Hans Christian Oersted"
  ],
  [
   "Who flew a kite in a storm in a famous experiment?",
   "Benjamin Franklin"
  ],
  [
   "Who invented the practical light bulb in 1879?",
   "Thomas Edison"
  ],
  [
   "Who built the first battery around 1800?",
   "Alessandro Volta"
  ],
  [
   "Aurora",
   "Glowing lights where charged particles from the Sun hit Earth's atmosphere near the poles"
  ],
  [
   "Electric motor",
   "A device that turns electricity into motion"
  ],
  [
   "Solenoid",
   "A coil of wire that makes a magnetic field when current flows"
  ],
  [
   "Short circuit",
   "An unplanned path with low resistance that can cause too much current"
  ],
  [
   "Why should you never put a fork in a socket?",
   "Metal conducts electricity and can cause serious harm"
  ],
  [
   "Staying safe in a storm",
   "Go indoors and stay away from windows and water"
  ],
  [
   "Why are power lines high up?",
   "To keep the dangerous electricity away from people"
  ]
 ]
}