{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/phys-terms",
 "id": "phys-terms",
 "title": "Physics Vocabulary",
 "category": "science",
 "subject": "Physics",
 "levels": [
  "6-8",
  "9-12"
 ],
 "description": "Core physics words for motion, energy and matter.",
 "tags": [
  "physics",
  "vocabulary"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Term",
 "backLabel": "Meaning",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Motion",
   "A change in an object's position"
  ],
  [
   "Speed",
   "How fast an object moves: distance divided by time"
  ],
  [
   "Velocity",
   "Speed in a given direction"
  ],
  [
   "Acceleration",
   "How quickly velocity changes"
  ],
  [
   "Displacement",
   "The straight-line change in position, with direction"
  ],
  [
   "Distance",
   "The total length of the path traveled"
  ],
  [
   "Scalar",
   "A quantity with size only, like speed"
  ],
  [
   "Vector",
   "A quantity with size and direction, like velocity"
  ],
  [
   "Force",
   "A push or a pull"
  ],
  [
   "Net force",
   "The total of all forces acting on an object"
  ],
  [
   "Balanced forces",
   "Forces that cancel, causing no change in motion"
  ],
  [
   "Unbalanced forces",
   "Forces that do not cancel, causing a change in motion"
  ],
  [
   "Inertia",
   "An object's resistance to change in its motion"
  ],
  [
   "Mass",
   "The amount of matter in an object"
  ],
  [
   "Weight",
   "The force of gravity on an object"
  ],
  [
   "Gravity",
   "The force that pulls objects with mass toward each other"
  ],
  [
   "Friction",
   "A force that resists sliding between surfaces"
  ],
  [
   "Air resistance",
   "Friction from air pushing against a moving object"
  ],
  [
   "Terminal velocity",
   "The constant speed reached when air resistance equals weight"
  ],
  [
   "Momentum",
   "Mass times velocity"
  ],
  [
   "Impulse",
   "A force applied over time, changing momentum"
  ],
  [
   "Work",
   "Force applied over a distance"
  ],
  [
   "Power",
   "The rate of doing work"
  ],
  [
   "Energy",
   "The ability to do work or cause change"
  ],
  [
   "Kinetic energy",
   "Energy of motion"
  ],
  [
   "Potential energy",
   "Stored energy due to position or condition"
  ],
  [
   "Gravitational potential energy",
   "Energy stored in an object because of its height"
  ],
  [
   "Elastic potential energy",
   "Energy stored in stretched or squeezed objects"
  ],
  [
   "Thermal energy",
   "The total kinetic energy of the particles in an object"
  ],
  [
   "Heat",
   "Thermal energy moving from hot to cold"
  ],
  [
   "Temperature",
   "A measure of the average kinetic energy of particles"
  ],
  [
   "Conduction",
   "Heat moving through direct contact"
  ],
  [
   "Convection",
   "Heat moving by the flow of fluids"
  ],
  [
   "Radiation",
   "Energy traveling as waves, even through empty space"
  ],
  [
   "Wave",
   "A disturbance that carries energy"
  ],
  [
   "Frequency",
   "The number of waves passing a point per second"
  ],
  [
   "Wavelength",
   "The distance from one wave crest to the next"
  ],
  [
   "Amplitude",
   "The height of a wave from its rest position"
  ],
  [
   "Hertz",
   "The unit of frequency: one wave per second"
  ],
  [
   "Reflection",
   "Waves bouncing off a surface"
  ],
  [
   "Refraction",
   "Waves bending when they enter a new material"
  ],
  [
   "Diffraction",
   "Waves spreading as they pass an edge or opening"
  ],
  [
   "Absorption",
   "A material taking in wave energy"
  ],
  [
   "Transverse wave",
   "A wave in which particles move up and down across the wave's direction"
  ],
  [
   "Longitudinal wave",
   "A wave in which particles move back and forth along the wave's direction"
  ],
  [
   "Electromagnetic spectrum",
   "The full range of light waves from radio to gamma rays"
  ],
  [
   "Circuit",
   "A closed path for electric current"
  ],
  [
   "Current",
   "The flow of electric charge"
  ],
  [
   "Voltage",
   "The push that moves charge through a circuit"
  ],
  [
   "Resistance",
   "How much a material opposes electric current"
  ],
  [
   "Conductor",
   "A material that carries electricity or heat well"
  ],
  [
   "Insulator",
   "A material that carries electricity or heat poorly"
  ],
  [
   "Magnet",
   "An object that attracts iron and has two poles"
  ],
  [
   "Magnetic field",
   "The area around a magnet where it exerts force"
  ],
  [
   "Electromagnet",
   "A magnet made by passing current through a coil of wire"
  ],
  [
   "Static electricity",
   "A buildup of electric charge on an object"
  ],
  [
   "Atom",
   "The smallest unit of an element"
  ],
  [
   "Nuclear fission",
   "Splitting a large nucleus into smaller ones, releasing energy"
  ],
  [
   "Nuclear fusion",
   "Joining small nuclei into a larger one, releasing energy"
  ],
  [
   "Radioactive decay",
   "An unstable nucleus giving off particles or energy"
  ],
  [
   "Pressure",
   "Force per unit area"
  ],
  [
   "Buoyancy",
   "The upward push of a fluid on an object"
  ],
  [
   "Density",
   "Mass per unit of volume"
  ],
  [
   "Torque",
   "A twisting force"
  ],
  [
   "Centripetal force",
   "A force that pulls an object toward the center of a circle"
  ],
  [
   "Projectile",
   "An object thrown or launched and moving under gravity"
  ],
  [
   "Free fall",
   "Falling with only gravity acting"
  ],
  [
   "Efficiency",
   "The share of input energy that does useful work"
  ]
 ]
}