{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/space-missions",
 "id": "space-missions",
 "title": "Space Missions Through 2020",
 "category": "science",
 "subject": "Space",
 "levels": [
  "3-5",
  "6-8",
  "9-12"
 ],
 "description": "Famous spacecraft, firsts and astronauts up to 2020.",
 "tags": [
  "space exploration",
  "NASA",
  "missions"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Question",
 "backLabel": "Answer",
 "cards": [
  [
   "First artificial satellite, launched 1957",
   "Sputnik 1 (Soviet Union)"
  ],
  [
   "First animal in orbit, 1957",
   "Laika the dog, on Sputnik 2"
  ],
  [
   "First human in space, 1961",
   "Yuri Gagarin"
  ],
  [
   "First American in space, 1961",
   "Alan Shepard"
  ],
  [
   "First American to orbit Earth, 1962",
   "John Glenn"
  ],
  [
   "First woman in space, 1963",
   "Valentina Tereshkova"
  ],
  [
   "First spacewalk, 1965",
   "Alexei Leonov"
  ],
  [
   "Project Mercury",
   "NASA's first program to put Americans in space"
  ],
  [
   "Project Gemini",
   "NASA program of two-person flights that practiced docking and spacewalks"
  ],
  [
   "Project Apollo",
   "NASA program that landed people on the Moon"
  ],
  [
   "Apollo 8",
   "First crewed mission to orbit the Moon, 1968"
  ],
  [
   "Apollo 11",
   "First crewed Moon landing, July 1969"
  ],
  [
   "First person on the Moon",
   "Neil Armstrong"
  ],
  [
   "Second person on the Moon",
   "Buzz Aldrin"
  ],
  [
   "Apollo 11 command module pilot",
   "Michael Collins"
  ],
  [
   "Armstrong's famous words",
   "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind"
  ],
  [
   "Apollo 13",
   "1970 mission that returned safely after an oxygen tank failure"
  ],
  [
   "Apollo 17",
   "The last crewed Moon landing, December 1972"
  ],
  [
   "Lunar rover",
   "A vehicle astronauts drove on the Moon in later Apollo missions"
  ],
  [
   "Skylab",
   "The first US space station, launched 1973"
  ],
  [
   "Salyut",
   "The first space station, launched by the Soviet Union in 1971"
  ],
  [
   "Mir",
   "A Soviet and Russian space station that orbited from 1986 to 2001"
  ],
  [
   "International Space Station",
   "A research station orbiting Earth, with crews living aboard since 2000"
  ],
  [
   "ISS orbit height, about",
   "400 kilometers above Earth"
  ],
  [
   "Space Shuttle",
   "NASA's reusable spacecraft that flew from 1981 to 2011"
  ],
  [
   "First Space Shuttle to orbit",
   "Columbia, 1981"
  ],
  [
   "Space Shuttle orbiters",
   "Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis and Endeavour"
  ],
  [
   "First American woman in space",
   "Sally Ride, 1983"
  ],
  [
   "First African American in space from the US",
   "Guion Bluford, 1983"
  ],
  [
   "Mae Jemison",
   "The first African American woman in space, 1992"
  ],
  [
   "Hubble Space Telescope",
   "Orbiting telescope launched in 1990"
  ],
  [
   "Who is the Hubble named for?",
   "Astronomer Edwin Hubble"
  ],
  [
   "Voyager 1",
   "Probe launched in 1977; entered interstellar space in 2012"
  ],
  [
   "Voyager 2",
   "Probe launched in 1977 that visited Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune"
  ],
  [
   "Pioneer 10",
   "The first spacecraft to fly past Jupiter, in 1973"
  ],
  [
   "Mariner 4",
   "First spacecraft to photograph Mars up close, 1965"
  ],
  [
   "Viking 1 and 2",
   "US probes that landed on Mars in 1976"
  ],
  [
   "Mars Pathfinder",
   "1997 mission that carried the small rover Sojourner"
  ],
  [
   "Spirit and Opportunity",
   "Twin Mars rovers that landed in 2004"
  ],
  [
   "Curiosity",
   "A Mars rover that landed in 2012"
  ],
  [
   "Cassini",
   "A probe that orbited Saturn from 2004 to 2017"
  ],
  [
   "Huygens",
   "A probe that landed on Saturn's moon Titan in 2005"
  ],
  [
   "Galileo",
   "A spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003"
  ],
  [
   "Juno",
   "A spacecraft that began orbiting Jupiter in 2016"
  ],
  [
   "New Horizons",
   "Probe that flew past Pluto in 2015"
  ],
  [
   "Magellan",
   "A probe that mapped Venus with radar in the early 1990s"
  ],
  [
   "MESSENGER",
   "The first spacecraft to orbit Mercury, 2011"
  ],
  [
   "Dawn",
   "A spacecraft that orbited the asteroid Vesta and dwarf planet Ceres"
  ],
  [
   "Rosetta",
   "European mission that orbited a comet and sent a lander in 2014"
  ],
  [
   "Kepler",
   "A space telescope that found thousands of planets around other stars"
  ],
  [
   "Spitzer",
   "An infrared space telescope launched in 2003"
  ],
  [
   "Chandra",
   "A NASA X-ray space telescope launched in 1999"
  ],
  [
   "Parker Solar Probe",
   "Spacecraft launched in 2018 to fly close to the Sun"
  ],
  [
   "OSIRIS-REx",
   "A probe that collected samples from asteroid Bennu in 2020"
  ],
  [
   "Hayabusa",
   "Japanese probes that returned samples from asteroids"
  ],
  [
   "Chang'e 4",
   "Chinese lander that touched down on the Moon's far side in 2019"
  ],
  [
   "Challenger disaster",
   "1986 Space Shuttle accident in which seven crew members died"
  ],
  [
   "Columbia disaster",
   "2003 Space Shuttle accident that lost its seven crew"
  ],
  [
   "Crew Dragon",
   "SpaceX capsule that carried NASA astronauts in 2020"
  ],
  [
   "Sputnik",
   "Russian for fellow traveler or satellite"
  ],
  [
   "Longest single spaceflight by a woman, 2019-20",
   "Christina Koch, 328 days"
  ],
  [
   "Cosmonaut",
   "A Russian space traveler"
  ],
  [
   "Taikonaut",
   "A Chinese space traveler"
  ],
  [
   "Astronaut",
   "A space traveler from the United States and many other countries"
  ],
  [
   "Launch pad",
   "The platform a rocket lifts off from"
  ],
  [
   "Kennedy Space Center",
   "NASA's launch site in Florida"
  ],
  [
   "Baikonur",
   "The launch site in Kazakhstan used by Russian rockets"
  ]
 ]
}