Scratch: A free block-based coding language made at MIT, launched in 2007 Block coding: Snapping blocks together instead of typing code Sprite: A character or object in a Scratch project Stage: The background area where sprites act Costume: A picture a sprite can wear to change its look Script: A stack of blocks that runs in order Event block: A block that starts code, like 'when green flag clicked' Motion block: A block that moves a sprite Looks block: A block that changes how a sprite appears or speaks Sound block: A block that plays sound Control block: A block for loops and decisions Sensing block: A block that checks for touching, keys or mouse Operator block: A block for math and comparing Variable: A named box that holds a number or text Loop: Repeating blocks Forever loop: Repeats without stopping Repeat 10 loop: Repeats 10 times If block: Does something only when a condition is true If-else block: Does one thing if true and another if false Broadcast: Sends a message to other scripts or sprites Clone: A copy of a sprite made while the project runs Coordinates: The x and y numbers that tell where a sprite is x position: How far left or right a sprite is y position: How far up or down a sprite is Direction: The angle a sprite is facing Remix: Making a copy of someone's project to change Debugging: Finding and fixing mistakes in code Bug: A mistake in code Sequence: Steps in the right order Algorithm: Step-by-step instructions Unplugged coding: Learning coding ideas without a computer Pseudocode: Code ideas written in plain words Event: Something that happens, like a click Input: What you give to a program Output: What a program shows or does Function: A named group of blocks you can reuse Custom block: Your own block made from other blocks Hour of Code: A worldwide event that introduces coding in one hour Code.org: A nonprofit that offers free coding lessons Robot: A machine that can sense and act Sensor: A part that detects things like light, touch or distance Motor: A part that makes things move Actuator: A part that makes a robot do something Microcontroller: A tiny computer that controls a device micro:bit: A small programmable board with lights, buttons and sensors Arduino: A microcontroller board used in projects Raspberry Pi: A small low-cost computer LED: A small light that glows when electricity flows through it Servo: A motor that turns to a set angle Ultrasonic sensor: Measures distance using sound Line-following robot: A robot that follows a line using sensors Obstacle avoidance: A robot turns to avoid hitting things Autonomous: Working by itself without being controlled Remote control: Controlling a device from a distance Circuit: A closed path electricity flows through Battery: Stores energy to power a circuit Switch: A part that opens or closes a circuit Conductor: A material that lets electricity flow, like copper Insulator: A material that stops electricity, like rubber Prototype: A first working model Design process: Ask, imagine, plan, create, test, improve Engineer: A person who designs and builds solutions Computational thinking: Solving problems with steps, patterns and breaking things down Decompose: Break a big problem into smaller parts Pattern: Something that repeats Abstraction: Ignoring details to focus on what matters Maze challenge: A common puzzle for practicing sequences and loops Free flashcards from Peabody at peabody.kids/flashcards/tech-block-coding-and-robotics