Algorithm: A step-by-step set of instructions to solve a problem
Program: A set of instructions a computer follows
Code: Instructions written in a programming language
Programming language: A language for telling computers what to do
Programmer (developer): A person who writes code
Source code: Human-readable code a programmer writes
Compiler: Translates a whole program into machine code before running
Interpreter: Reads and runs code line by line
Syntax: The grammar rules of a language
Syntax error: A mistake in following those rules
Bug: An error in a program
Debugging: Finding and fixing bugs
Logic error: Code that runs but gives the wrong result
Runtime error: An error that occurs while the program runs
Variable: A named container that stores a value
Constant: A value that does not change
Data type: The kind of value, like number or text
Integer: A whole number
Float: A number with a decimal point
String: Text in quotation marks
Boolean: A value that is true or false
Array (list): An ordered collection of items
Dictionary (object, map): A collection of key-value pairs
Operator: A symbol that does something with values, like + or ==
Expression: Code that produces a value
Statement: A single instruction
Assignment: Storing a value in a variable
Comparison: Checking how values relate, such as equal or greater than
Conditional: Code that runs only if a condition is true
If statement: Runs code when a condition is true
Else: Runs code when the if condition is false
Loop: Code that repeats
For loop: Repeats a set number of times or through a collection
While loop: Repeats while a condition is true
Infinite loop: A loop that never ends
Iteration: One pass through a loop
Function: A reusable block of code with a name
Parameter: A variable named in a function definition
Argument: The actual value passed into a function
Return value: The result a function gives back
Call a function: Run it
Scope: Where in the code a variable can be used
Global variable: A variable accessible everywhere
Local variable: A variable accessible only inside its function
Recursion: A function that calls itself
Base case: The stopping condition of a recursive function
Object: A bundle of data and functions
Class: A blueprint for creating objects
Method: A function that belongs to an object
Property (attribute): A value that belongs to an object
Inheritance: A class gets features from another class
Encapsulation: Keeping data and methods together and hiding details
Polymorphism: Different objects responding to the same call in their own way
Library: Reusable code written by others
Framework: A structure of code that guides how you build apps
API: Application programming interface: rules for programs to talk to each other
Module: A file of code that can be imported
Package: A bundle of modules
Comment: A note in code ignored by the computer
Indentation: Spaces at the start of a line showing structure
Input: Data given to a program
Output: Data a program produces
Event: An action like a click that a program responds to
Pseudocode: Plain-language outline of code
Flowchart: A diagram showing the steps of an algorithm
Sequence: Steps run in order
Selection: Choosing which code runs based on a condition
Decomposition: Breaking a big problem into smaller parts
Abstraction: Hiding details to focus on what matters
Pattern recognition: Spotting similarities to solve problems
Computational thinking: Problem solving with decomposition, patterns, abstraction and algorithms
IDE: Integrated development environment, a code editor with tools
Version control: A system that tracks changes to code
Open source: Software whose code anyone can view and use
Ada Lovelace: Wrote what many call the first computer program, in 1843

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