#separator:tab #html:false #tags column:4 Ada Lovelace Wrote notes in 1843 with what is often called the first computer program, for Babbage's Analytical Engine tech-computer-scientists-and-history Charles Babbage Designed the Analytical Engine, an early mechanical computer idea, in the 1830s tech-computer-scientists-and-history Alan Turing British mathematician who defined the Turing machine and helped break the Enigma code tech-computer-scientists-and-history Turing machine An abstract model of computation described by Turing in 1936 tech-computer-scientists-and-history Grace Hopper American Navy officer who helped create the first compiler and the COBOL language tech-computer-scientists-and-history John von Neumann Described the stored-program computer architecture tech-computer-scientists-and-history Claude Shannon Founded information theory in 1948 and popularized the word bit tech-computer-scientists-and-history Katherine Johnson NASA mathematician whose calculations helped astronauts reach orbit and the Moon tech-computer-scientists-and-history Margaret Hamilton Led software development for Apollo's guidance computers tech-computer-scientists-and-history Dorothy Vaughan NASA mathematician who became a leader in programming (FORTRAN) at Langley tech-computer-scientists-and-history Tim Berners-Lee Invented the World Wide Web in 1989 tech-computer-scientists-and-history Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn Designed the TCP/IP protocols of the internet tech-computer-scientists-and-history Dennis Ritchie Created the C language and co-created Unix tech-computer-scientists-and-history Ken Thompson Co-creator of Unix tech-computer-scientists-and-history Linus Torvalds Created the Linux kernel (1991) and Git (2005) tech-computer-scientists-and-history Guido van Rossum Created Python tech-computer-scientists-and-history Brendan Eich Created JavaScript in 1995 tech-computer-scientists-and-history James Gosling Led the creation of Java tech-computer-scientists-and-history Bjarne Stroustrup Created C++ tech-computer-scientists-and-history Yukihiro Matsumoto Created Ruby tech-computer-scientists-and-history Bill Gates Co-founded Microsoft in 1975 tech-computer-scientists-and-history Paul Allen Co-founded Microsoft tech-computer-scientists-and-history Steve Jobs Co-founded Apple in 1976 tech-computer-scientists-and-history Steve Wozniak Designed the Apple I and II computers tech-computer-scientists-and-history Larry Page and Sergey Brin Founded Google in 1998 tech-computer-scientists-and-history Mark Zuckerberg Co-founded Facebook in 2004 tech-computer-scientists-and-history Jeff Bezos Founded Amazon in 1994 tech-computer-scientists-and-history Douglas Engelbart Invented the computer mouse; demonstrated it in 1968 tech-computer-scientists-and-history Doug Engelbart's 1968 demo Called the Mother of All Demos; showed the mouse, video calls and hypertext tech-computer-scientists-and-history Ivan Sutherland Created Sketchpad (1963), an early graphics program tech-computer-scientists-and-history Alan Kay Pioneer of object-oriented programming and the personal computer tech-computer-scientists-and-history Donald Knuth Wrote The Art of Computer Programming tech-computer-scientists-and-history Edsger Dijkstra Created a famous shortest-path algorithm tech-computer-scientists-and-history Barbara Liskov Computer scientist who won the Turing Award for work on data abstraction tech-computer-scientists-and-history Radia Perlman Invented the spanning-tree protocol for networks tech-computer-scientists-and-history Fei-Fei Li Computer scientist who helped create ImageNet tech-computer-scientists-and-history Geoffrey Hinton Pioneer of neural networks and deep learning tech-computer-scientists-and-history Yann LeCun Pioneer of convolutional neural networks tech-computer-scientists-and-history Yoshua Bengio Pioneer of deep learning tech-computer-scientists-and-history Turing Award The top prize in computer science, named for Alan Turing tech-computer-scientists-and-history ENIAC One of the first general-purpose electronic computers, completed in 1945 tech-computer-scientists-and-history Colossus British code-breaking computer used in World War II tech-computer-scientists-and-history Transistor Invented in 1947 at Bell Labs tech-computer-scientists-and-history Integrated circuit Chip with many components, invented in the late 1950s tech-computer-scientists-and-history Microprocessor A whole CPU on one chip; Intel 4004 came out in 1971 tech-computer-scientists-and-history ARPANET Early network that sent its first message in 1969 tech-computer-scientists-and-history First email Sent by Ray Tomlinson in 1971 tech-computer-scientists-and-history Personal computer Home computers became popular in the late 1970s and 1980s tech-computer-scientists-and-history Apple II A popular early personal computer from 1977 tech-computer-scientists-and-history IBM PC Introduced in 1981 tech-computer-scientists-and-history Macintosh Apple computer launched in 1984 with a graphical interface tech-computer-scientists-and-history Windows 95 Microsoft system that made the Start menu famous tech-computer-scientists-and-history World Wide Web goes public 1991 tech-computer-scientists-and-history Mosaic browser Early graphical web browser from 1993 tech-computer-scientists-and-history Google founded 1998 tech-computer-scientists-and-history Wikipedia launched 2001 tech-computer-scientists-and-history YouTube founded 2005 tech-computer-scientists-and-history iPhone introduced 2007 tech-computer-scientists-and-history Smartphone age Phones became pocket computers after 2007 tech-computer-scientists-and-history Cloud computing Rented online computing, which grew in the late 2000s tech-computer-scientists-and-history Bitcoin created 2009 by a person or group known as Satoshi Nakamoto tech-computer-scientists-and-history ChatGPT released November 2022 tech-computer-scientists-and-history Moore's law The observation that chip transistor counts double about every two years tech-computer-scientists-and-history Gordon Moore Co-founder of Intel who described Moore's law in 1965 tech-computer-scientists-and-history Hedy Lamarr Actress and inventor who co-developed frequency hopping, an idea used in modern wireless tech-computer-scientists-and-history Mary Allen Wilkes Programmer of the LINC, an early personal computer, in the 1960s tech-computer-scientists-and-history Jean Bartik One of the six original ENIAC programmers tech-computer-scientists-and-history Annie Easley NASA computer scientist who worked on rocket software tech-computer-scientists-and-history Mark Dean IBM engineer who helped design the original IBM PC and holds key patents in PC technology tech-computer-scientists-and-history Gladys West Mathematician whose work contributed to GPS tech-computer-scientists-and-history