{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/tech-networking-terms",
 "id": "tech-networking-terms",
 "title": "Networking Terms",
 "category": "technology",
 "subject": "Networking",
 "levels": [
  "9-12",
  "college",
  "adult"
 ],
 "description": "How computers connect: addresses, protocols, ports and devices.",
 "tags": [
  "networking",
  "IP",
  "protocols",
  "TCP/IP"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Term",
 "backLabel": "Meaning",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Network",
   "Computers and devices connected to share data"
  ],
  [
   "LAN",
   "Local area network, such as in a home or school"
  ],
  [
   "WAN",
   "Wide area network that spans a large area"
  ],
  [
   "Internet",
   "A global network of networks"
  ],
  [
   "Intranet",
   "A private network inside an organization"
  ],
  [
   "IP address",
   "A number that identifies a device on a network"
  ],
  [
   "IPv4 address",
   "Four numbers 0 to 255, like 192.168.1.1"
  ],
  [
   "IPv6 address",
   "A longer address format with letters and numbers, made for more devices"
  ],
  [
   "Public IP",
   "An address visible on the internet"
  ],
  [
   "Private IP",
   "An address used inside a local network, like 192.168.x.x"
  ],
  [
   "Localhost (127.0.0.1)",
   "Your own computer"
  ],
  [
   "MAC address",
   "A hardware address built into a network card"
  ],
  [
   "DNS",
   "Domain Name System, translates names into IP addresses"
  ],
  [
   "DHCP",
   "Automatically gives devices IP addresses"
  ],
  [
   "NAT",
   "Lets many devices share one public IP address"
  ],
  [
   "Router",
   "Forwards data between networks"
  ],
  [
   "Switch",
   "Connects devices within a network"
  ],
  [
   "Hub",
   "A simple device that repeats data to all ports"
  ],
  [
   "Modem",
   "Connects a home to the internet provider"
  ],
  [
   "Access point",
   "Gives wireless devices a connection to a network"
  ],
  [
   "Gateway",
   "A node that connects one network to another"
  ],
  [
   "Firewall",
   "Controls which traffic is allowed in or out"
  ],
  [
   "Proxy server",
   "A server that acts as middleman for requests"
  ],
  [
   "VPN",
   "Virtual private network that sends traffic through an encrypted tunnel"
  ],
  [
   "Protocol",
   "A set of rules for communication"
  ],
  [
   "TCP",
   "Reliable, ordered delivery of data"
  ],
  [
   "UDP",
   "Fast delivery without guarantees, used in streaming and games"
  ],
  [
   "IP (Internet Protocol)",
   "Addresses and routes packets"
  ],
  [
   "HTTP",
   "Protocol for web pages"
  ],
  [
   "HTTPS",
   "HTTP with encryption"
  ],
  [
   "FTP",
   "Protocol for transferring files"
  ],
  [
   "SMTP",
   "Protocol for sending email"
  ],
  [
   "IMAP and POP3",
   "Protocols for receiving email"
  ],
  [
   "SSH",
   "Secure remote login"
  ],
  [
   "TLS/SSL",
   "Encryption protocols for secure connections"
  ],
  [
   "Port",
   "A numbered door on a device for a type of traffic"
  ],
  [
   "Port 80",
   "HTTP"
  ],
  [
   "Port 443",
   "HTTPS"
  ],
  [
   "Port 22",
   "SSH"
  ],
  [
   "Port 25",
   "SMTP email"
  ],
  [
   "Port 53",
   "DNS"
  ],
  [
   "Packet",
   "A small chunk of data sent over a network"
  ],
  [
   "Header",
   "Information at the start of a packet like source and destination"
  ],
  [
   "Latency",
   "Delay before data arrives"
  ],
  [
   "Bandwidth",
   "Maximum data rate of a connection"
  ],
  [
   "Throughput",
   "The actual data rate achieved"
  ],
  [
   "Ping",
   "Test of reachability and round-trip time"
  ],
  [
   "Traceroute",
   "Shows the path packets take"
  ],
  [
   "Jitter",
   "Variation in delay"
  ],
  [
   "Packet loss",
   "Packets that never arrive"
  ],
  [
   "Wi-Fi",
   "Wireless local networking"
  ],
  [
   "Ethernet",
   "A common wired network standard"
  ],
  [
   "Fiber optic",
   "Cables that send data as pulses of light"
  ],
  [
   "Cellular (4G, 5G)",
   "Mobile phone networks"
  ],
  [
   "Bluetooth",
   "Short-range wireless"
  ],
  [
   "Subnet",
   "A smaller part of a network"
  ],
  [
   "Subnet mask",
   "Tells which part of an address is the network"
  ],
  [
   "CIDR notation",
   "Writing a network like 192.168.0.0/24"
  ],
  [
   "Client",
   "A device that requests services"
  ],
  [
   "Server",
   "A device that provides services"
  ],
  [
   "Peer-to-peer",
   "Devices share directly without a central server"
  ],
  [
   "Cloud",
   "Computing services offered over the internet"
  ],
  [
   "CDN",
   "Content delivery network, servers around the world that make sites load faster"
  ],
  [
   "URL",
   "A web address"
  ],
  [
   "Domain registrar",
   "A company that sells domain names"
  ],
  [
   "ICANN",
   "The organization that coordinates domain names and IP addresses"
  ],
  [
   "Web server",
   "Software that serves web pages"
  ],
  [
   "API",
   "Rules for programs to talk to each other"
  ],
  [
   "REST",
   "A common style for web APIs"
  ],
  [
   "Status code 200",
   "OK"
  ],
  [
   "Status code 404",
   "Not found"
  ],
  [
   "Status code 500",
   "Server error"
  ],
  [
   "Status code 301",
   "Moved permanently"
  ],
  [
   "OSI model",
   "A seven-layer model of networking"
  ],
  [
   "OSI layers",
   "Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application"
  ],
  [
   "TCP/IP model",
   "A four-layer model that the internet uses"
  ],
  [
   "Three-way handshake",
   "SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK to start a TCP connection"
  ],
  [
   "Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn",
   "Designed TCP/IP in the 1970s"
  ]
 ]
}