{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/tech-python-syntax",
 "id": "tech-python-syntax",
 "title": "Python Syntax and Built-ins",
 "category": "technology",
 "subject": "Python",
 "levels": [
  "6-8",
  "9-12",
  "college",
  "adult"
 ],
 "description": "Everyday Python statements, functions and data structures.",
 "tags": [
  "Python",
  "programming",
  "syntax"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Task",
 "backLabel": "Python",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Print text to the screen",
   "print('Hello')"
  ],
  [
   "Get input from the user",
   "input('Name? ')"
  ],
  [
   "Make a variable",
   "x = 5"
  ],
  [
   "Comment a line",
   "# this is a comment"
  ],
  [
   "Integer division",
   "7 // 2 gives 3"
  ],
  [
   "Remainder (modulo)",
   "7 % 2 gives 1"
  ],
  [
   "Exponent (power)",
   "2 ** 3 gives 8"
  ],
  [
   "Not equal comparison",
   "x != y"
  ],
  [
   "Equal comparison",
   "x == y"
  ],
  [
   "Logical and",
   "a and b"
  ],
  [
   "Logical or",
   "a or b"
  ],
  [
   "Logical not",
   "not a"
  ],
  [
   "If statement",
   "if x > 3:"
  ],
  [
   "Else if",
   "elif x == 3:"
  ],
  [
   "Else",
   "else:"
  ],
  [
   "For loop over a range of 5",
   "for i in range(5):"
  ],
  [
   "Range from 1 to 10",
   "range(1, 11)"
  ],
  [
   "While loop",
   "while x < 10:"
  ],
  [
   "Stop a loop early",
   "break"
  ],
  [
   "Skip to the next loop pass",
   "continue"
  ],
  [
   "Do nothing placeholder",
   "pass"
  ],
  [
   "Define a function",
   "def greet(name):"
  ],
  [
   "Return a value",
   "return x"
  ],
  [
   "Default parameter",
   "def f(x=10):"
  ],
  [
   "Lambda (small anonymous function)",
   "lambda x: x * 2"
  ],
  [
   "Make a list",
   "nums = [1, 2, 3]"
  ],
  [
   "Add to the end of a list",
   "nums.append(4)"
  ],
  [
   "Remove last item of a list",
   "nums.pop()"
  ],
  [
   "Length of a list or string",
   "len(nums)"
  ],
  [
   "First item of a list",
   "nums[0]"
  ],
  [
   "Last item of a list",
   "nums[-1]"
  ],
  [
   "Slice the first two items",
   "nums[:2]"
  ],
  [
   "Sort a list in place",
   "nums.sort()"
  ],
  [
   "Sorted copy of a list",
   "sorted(nums)"
  ],
  [
   "Reverse a list",
   "nums.reverse() or nums[::-1]"
  ],
  [
   "Tuple (unchangeable sequence)",
   "t = (1, 2, 3)"
  ],
  [
   "Set (unique items)",
   "s = {1, 2, 3}"
  ],
  [
   "Dictionary",
   "d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}"
  ],
  [
   "Get a dictionary value",
   "d['a']"
  ],
  [
   "Loop over dictionary items",
   "for k, v in d.items():"
  ],
  [
   "Check if item is in a list",
   "3 in nums"
  ],
  [
   "Convert to integer",
   "int('5')"
  ],
  [
   "Convert to string",
   "str(5)"
  ],
  [
   "Convert to float",
   "float('3.5')"
  ],
  [
   "Convert to list",
   "list('abc')"
  ],
  [
   "Type of a value",
   "type(x)"
  ],
  [
   "Join strings in a list",
   "', '.join(words)"
  ],
  [
   "Split a string into a list",
   "'a b c'.split()"
  ],
  [
   "Uppercase a string",
   "'hi'.upper()"
  ],
  [
   "Replace text in a string",
   "s.replace('a', 'b')"
  ],
  [
   "Strip whitespace",
   "s.strip()"
  ],
  [
   "F-string",
   "f'Hello {name}'"
  ],
  [
   "Multi-line string",
   "'''text over lines'''"
  ],
  [
   "Import a module",
   "import math"
  ],
  [
   "Import one name",
   "from math import sqrt"
  ],
  [
   "Random integer",
   "import random; random.randint(1, 6)"
  ],
  [
   "Square root",
   "math.sqrt(16)"
  ],
  [
   "Absolute value",
   "abs(-3)"
  ],
  [
   "Round a number",
   "round(3.6)"
  ],
  [
   "Maximum of values",
   "max(1, 5, 3)"
  ],
  [
   "Sum of a list",
   "sum(nums)"
  ],
  [
   "List comprehension",
   "[x * 2 for x in nums]"
  ],
  [
   "Open and read a file",
   "with open('f.txt') as f: data = f.read()"
  ],
  [
   "Handle errors",
   "try: ... except ValueError: ..."
  ],
  [
   "Raise an error",
   "raise ValueError('bad')"
  ],
  [
   "Define a class",
   "class Dog:"
  ],
  [
   "Constructor method",
   "def __init__(self, name):"
  ],
  [
   "The current object inside a method",
   "self"
  ],
  [
   "None value",
   "None"
  ],
  [
   "Boolean values",
   "True and False"
  ],
  [
   "Enumerate with index",
   "for i, x in enumerate(nums):"
  ],
  [
   "Zip two lists",
   "zip(a, b)"
  ],
  [
   "Check if a value is None",
   "x is None"
  ],
  [
   "Run code only when file is the main program",
   "if __name__ == '__main__':"
  ],
  [
   "Python's creator",
   "Guido van Rossum, who released Python in 1991"
  ]
 ]
}