Front end: What the user sees and interacts with in the browser
Back end: The server side that stores data and runs logic
Full stack: Working on both front end and back end
HTML: Structure and content of a web page
CSS: Style and layout of a web page
JavaScript: Programming language that makes pages interactive
DOM: Document Object Model, the tree of elements in a page that scripts can change
Browser dev tools: Built-in tools to inspect and debug pages
Responsive design: Pages that adjust to screen size
Mobile first: Designing for phones before larger screens
Accessibility (a11y): Making sites usable by people with disabilities
Alt text: Text describing an image for screen readers
Screen reader: Software that reads page content aloud
Semantic HTML: Using tags that describe the meaning of content
WCAG: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
SEO: Search engine optimization, helping pages be found in search
Meta description: A short page summary shown in search results
Domain name: The address people type to visit a site
Hosting: A service that stores and serves your website
Web server: Software that sends pages to browsers
HTTP request: A browser asking a server for something
HTTP response: The server's reply
GET request: Asks to read data
POST request: Sends data to the server
Status code: A number telling how a request went
Cookie: A small piece of data stored in the browser
Local storage: Browser storage for data kept on the user's device
Session: A visit during which a server remembers a user
API: A way for programs to exchange data
REST API: An API style using URLs and HTTP methods
JSON: A text format for structured data
AJAX / fetch: Loading data without reloading the page
Framework: A toolkit for building apps, such as React or Django
React: A JavaScript library for building user interfaces
Vue and Angular: Other popular front-end frameworks
Node.js: Runs JavaScript on servers
npm: The package manager for JavaScript
Package manager: A tool that installs and updates code libraries
Bundler: A tool that combines many files into a few for the browser
Minify: Remove spaces and comments to make files smaller
Compile / transpile: Convert code into another form
TypeScript: JavaScript with types
CSS preprocessor: A tool like Sass that extends CSS
Database: Where a site stores its data
CMS: Content management system, like WordPress
Static site: Pages that are fixed files, not made on request
Dynamic site: Pages built on request, using data
Single-page app (SPA): A site that loads once and updates without full reloads
Server-side rendering: Building pages on the server before sending them
Client-side rendering: Building pages in the browser
Cache: Stored copies to speed up loading
CDN: Network of servers that deliver content quickly worldwide
Page load speed: How fast a page appears; faster is better
Lazy loading: Loading images only when needed
Image optimization: Making images smaller without losing quality
HTTPS: Encrypted connection for safety
CORS: Rules about which sites can request data from others
Authentication: Proving who a user is
Authorization: Deciding what a user may do
Hash passwords: Never store plain passwords
Sanitize input: Clean user input to prevent attacks
Deployment: Putting a site online for users
Staging: A test version of a site before it goes live
Production: The live version of a site
Version control: Tracking code changes with Git
CI/CD: Automated testing and deployment
Unit test: A test of one small piece of code
Linting: Automatically checking code for mistakes and style
Open source: Code anyone can view and improve
Wireframe: A simple sketch of a page layout
UX: User experience, how it feels to use something
UI: User interface, what the user sees and touches
Favicon: The small icon shown in the browser tab
Viewport: The visible part of a web page

Free flashcards from Peabody at peabody.kids/flashcards/tech-web-development-concepts