{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/tp-anat-cranial-nerves",
 "id": "tp-anat-cranial-nerves",
 "title": "The Twelve Cranial Nerves",
 "category": "test-prep",
 "subject": "Anatomy",
 "levels": [
  "9-12",
  "college"
 ],
 "description": "Names, numbers and main jobs of the cranial nerves, plus memory aids.",
 "tags": [
  "anatomy",
  "nerves",
  "neuroscience"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Nerve",
 "backLabel": "Job",
 "cards": [
  [
   "CN I: Olfactory",
   "Sense of smell"
  ],
  [
   "CN II: Optic",
   "Vision"
  ],
  [
   "CN III: Oculomotor",
   "Most eye movements, raising the eyelid, pupil constriction"
  ],
  [
   "CN IV: Trochlear",
   "Moves the eye down and in (superior oblique muscle)"
  ],
  [
   "CN V: Trigeminal",
   "Face sensation and chewing muscles"
  ],
  [
   "CN VI: Abducens",
   "Moves the eye outward"
  ],
  [
   "CN VII: Facial",
   "Facial expression, taste from the front of the tongue, tears and saliva"
  ],
  [
   "CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear",
   "Hearing and balance"
  ],
  [
   "CN IX: Glossopharyngeal",
   "Taste at the back of the tongue, swallowing, gag reflex"
  ],
  [
   "CN X: Vagus",
   "Heart rate, digestion, voice box and much of the organs below the neck"
  ],
  [
   "CN XI: Accessory",
   "Moves the shoulders and turns the head"
  ],
  [
   "CN XII: Hypoglossal",
   "Moves the tongue"
  ],
  [
   "Sensory cranial nerves",
   "I, II and VIII are purely sensory"
  ],
  [
   "Motor cranial nerves",
   "III, IV, VI, XI and XII are mainly motor"
  ],
  [
   "Mixed cranial nerves",
   "V, VII, IX and X carry both sensory and motor signals"
  ],
  [
   "Mnemonic for names",
   "On Old Olympus's Towering Tops, A Finn And German Viewed Some Hops"
  ],
  [
   "Mnemonic for sensory/motor",
   "Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter Most"
  ],
  [
   "Which nerve smells?",
   "Olfactory (I)"
  ],
  [
   "Which nerve sees?",
   "Optic (II)"
  ],
  [
   "Which nerve hears?",
   "Vestibulocochlear (VIII)"
  ],
  [
   "Which nerve moves the tongue?",
   "Hypoglossal (XII)"
  ],
  [
   "Which nerve shrugs the shoulders?",
   "Accessory (XI)"
  ],
  [
   "Which nerve is the longest wandering one?",
   "Vagus (X)"
  ],
  [
   "Which nerve moves the eye outward?",
   "Abducens (VI)"
  ],
  [
   "Which nerve feels the face?",
   "Trigeminal (V)"
  ],
  [
   "Which nerve smiles?",
   "Facial (VII)"
  ],
  [
   "Which nerves control the pupil?",
   "Oculomotor (III) constricts the pupil"
  ],
  [
   "Trigeminal branches",
   "Ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular"
  ],
  [
   "Facial nerve palsy",
   "Weakness of one side of the face from damage to nerve VII"
  ],
  [
   "Parasympathetic cranial nerves",
   "III, VII, IX and X carry parasympathetic fibers"
  ],
  [
   "Cranial nerve count",
   "Twelve pairs, arising from the brain and brainstem"
  ],
  [
   "Extraocular muscle nerves",
   "III, IV and VI"
  ],
  [
   "Taste nerves",
   "VII, IX and X"
  ],
  [
   "Swallowing nerves",
   "IX and X"
  ],
  [
   "Gag reflex nerves",
   "IX (sensory) and X (motor)"
  ],
  [
   "Where do the cranial nerves attach?",
   "To the brain or brainstem, not the spinal cord"
  ],
  [
   "Cribriform plate",
   "Skull part the olfactory nerve fibers pass through"
  ],
  [
   "Optic chiasm",
   "Where optic nerves cross partly on the way to the brain"
  ],
  [
   "Superior orbital fissure",
   "Opening where nerves III, IV, VI and part of V enter the eye socket"
  ],
  [
   "Foramen magnum",
   "Opening where the spinal cord exits the skull, and nerve XI enters"
  ],
  [
   "Jugular foramen",
   "Opening that nerves IX, X and XI pass through"
  ],
  [
   "Corneal reflex",
   "Blink when the cornea is touched; uses nerves V and VII"
  ],
  [
   "Pupillary light reflex",
   "Pupil narrows in bright light; uses nerves II and III"
  ],
  [
   "Vestibulo-ocular reflex",
   "Eyes stay steady when the head moves; uses nerve VIII"
  ],
  [
   "Bell's palsy",
   "Sudden weakness of the facial muscles on one side"
  ],
  [
   "Trigeminal neuralgia",
   "Severe sharp facial pain linked to nerve V"
  ],
  [
   "Anosmia",
   "Loss of the sense of smell"
  ],
  [
   "Dysphagia",
   "Difficulty swallowing"
  ],
  [
   "Diplopia",
   "Double vision"
  ],
  [
   "Ptosis",
   "Drooping of the upper eyelid"
  ],
  [
   "Tinnitus",
   "Ringing in the ears"
  ],
  [
   "Vertigo",
   "A sense that the world is spinning"
  ],
  [
   "Nystagmus",
   "Involuntary rhythmic eye movement"
  ],
  [
   "Strabismus",
   "Misaligned eyes"
  ],
  [
   "Lacrimal gland",
   "Makes tears; controlled by nerve VII"
  ],
  [
   "Parotid gland",
   "Largest salivary gland; controlled by nerve IX"
  ],
  [
   "Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius",
   "Muscles supplied by nerve XI"
  ],
  [
   "Muscles of mastication",
   "Chewing muscles supplied by nerve V"
  ],
  [
   "Muscles of facial expression",
   "Supplied by nerve VII"
  ],
  [
   "Intrinsic tongue muscles",
   "Supplied by nerve XII"
  ],
  [
   "Carotid body sensors",
   "Sensory input via nerve IX monitoring blood oxygen"
  ],
  [
   "Vestibular branch",
   "Part of nerve VIII for balance"
  ],
  [
   "Cochlear branch",
   "Part of nerve VIII for hearing"
  ],
  [
   "Cranial nerve exam",
   "Clinical test checking each of the twelve nerves"
  ],
  [
   "Cranial nerves vs. spinal nerves",
   "Twelve pairs from the brain versus 31 pairs from the spinal cord"
  ]
 ]
}