{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/tp-anat-organs",
 "id": "tp-anat-organs",
 "title": "Anatomy: Organs and What They Do",
 "category": "test-prep",
 "subject": "Anatomy",
 "levels": [
  "6-8",
  "9-12",
  "college"
 ],
 "description": "Major organs and glands of the human body and their jobs.",
 "tags": [
  "anatomy",
  "organs"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Organ",
 "backLabel": "Job",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Brain",
   "Controls thought, senses, movement and body functions"
  ],
  [
   "Spinal cord",
   "Carries messages between the brain and body"
  ],
  [
   "Heart",
   "Muscular pump that circulates blood"
  ],
  [
   "Lungs",
   "Take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide"
  ],
  [
   "Liver",
   "Processes nutrients, makes bile, filters toxins"
  ],
  [
   "Gallbladder",
   "Stores and concentrates bile"
  ],
  [
   "Pancreas",
   "Makes digestive enzymes and insulin"
  ],
  [
   "Stomach",
   "Mixes food with acid and enzymes"
  ],
  [
   "Small intestine",
   "Absorbs most nutrients"
  ],
  [
   "Large intestine",
   "Absorbs water; forms stool"
  ],
  [
   "Appendix",
   "Small pouch on the large intestine, with no essential digestive role"
  ],
  [
   "Esophagus",
   "Moves food from the throat to the stomach"
  ],
  [
   "Kidneys",
   "Filter blood and make urine"
  ],
  [
   "Urinary bladder",
   "Stores urine"
  ],
  [
   "Spleen",
   "Filters old red blood cells and helps immune defense"
  ],
  [
   "Thyroid",
   "Gland controlling metabolism"
  ],
  [
   "Parathyroid glands",
   "Four small glands controlling blood calcium"
  ],
  [
   "Adrenal glands",
   "Sit atop the kidneys; make stress hormones"
  ],
  [
   "Pituitary gland",
   "Pea-sized gland releasing hormones that direct other glands"
  ],
  [
   "Pineal gland",
   "Makes melatonin, which affects sleep"
  ],
  [
   "Hypothalamus",
   "Links the nervous and endocrine systems; regulates temperature and hunger"
  ],
  [
   "Thymus",
   "Immune organ where T cells mature"
  ],
  [
   "Tonsils",
   "Lymph tissue at the throat that helps defend against germs"
  ],
  [
   "Skin",
   "Largest organ; protects, regulates temperature, senses touch"
  ],
  [
   "Eyes",
   "Detect light for vision"
  ],
  [
   "Retina",
   "Light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye"
  ],
  [
   "Lens",
   "Focuses light on the retina"
  ],
  [
   "Cornea",
   "Clear front window of the eye"
  ],
  [
   "Iris",
   "Colored part of the eye controlling pupil size"
  ],
  [
   "Cochlea",
   "Spiral organ of the inner ear for hearing"
  ],
  [
   "Eardrum",
   "Membrane that vibrates with sound"
  ],
  [
   "Eustachian tube",
   "Connects the middle ear to the throat to equalize pressure"
  ],
  [
   "Larynx",
   "Voice box"
  ],
  [
   "Pharynx",
   "Throat; passage for air and food"
  ],
  [
   "Trachea",
   "Windpipe leading to the lungs"
  ],
  [
   "Bronchi",
   "Branches of the trachea into each lung"
  ],
  [
   "Epiglottis",
   "Flap that covers the windpipe when swallowing"
  ],
  [
   "Diaphragm",
   "Muscle that drives breathing"
  ],
  [
   "Aorta",
   "Largest artery, carries blood from the heart to the body"
  ],
  [
   "Vena cava",
   "Large veins returning blood to the heart"
  ],
  [
   "Pulmonary artery",
   "Carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs"
  ],
  [
   "Pulmonary vein",
   "Carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart"
  ],
  [
   "Left ventricle",
   "Heart chamber that pumps blood to the body"
  ],
  [
   "Right atrium",
   "Receives oxygen-poor blood from the body"
  ],
  [
   "Mitral valve",
   "Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle"
  ],
  [
   "Tricuspid valve",
   "Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle"
  ],
  [
   "Pacemaker (sinoatrial node)",
   "Group of cells that starts each heartbeat"
  ],
  [
   "Ovaries",
   "Produce eggs and hormones"
  ],
  [
   "Fallopian tubes",
   "Carry eggs to the uterus"
  ],
  [
   "Uterus",
   "Houses a developing fetus"
  ],
  [
   "Testes",
   "Produce sperm and testosterone"
  ],
  [
   "Prostate gland",
   "Produces fluid that nourishes sperm"
  ],
  [
   "Mammary glands",
   "Produce milk"
  ],
  [
   "Salivary glands",
   "Make saliva to start digestion"
  ],
  [
   "Duodenum",
   "First section of the small intestine"
  ],
  [
   "Jejunum",
   "Middle section of the small intestine"
  ],
  [
   "Ileum",
   "Last section of the small intestine"
  ],
  [
   "Cecum",
   "Pouch where the small and large intestines join"
  ],
  [
   "Rectum",
   "Final section of the large intestine, storing stool"
  ],
  [
   "Colon",
   "Main part of the large intestine"
  ],
  [
   "Ureters",
   "Tubes from kidneys to bladder"
  ],
  [
   "Urethra",
   "Tube that carries urine out of the body"
  ],
  [
   "Meninges",
   "Three membranes protecting the brain and spinal cord"
  ],
  [
   "Cerebrospinal fluid",
   "Fluid cushioning the brain and spinal cord"
  ],
  [
   "Cerebral cortex",
   "Wrinkled outer layer of the brain for thought"
  ],
  [
   "Medulla oblongata",
   "Brainstem region controlling breathing and heart rate"
  ],
  [
   "Pons",
   "Brainstem region relaying signals and helping control breathing"
  ],
  [
   "Thalamus",
   "Relays sensory signals to the cortex"
  ],
  [
   "Basal ganglia",
   "Brain structures helping control movement"
  ],
  [
   "Corpus callosum",
   "Connects the two brain hemispheres"
  ],
  [
   "Optic nerve",
   "Carries visual signals from the eye to the brain"
  ],
  [
   "Sciatic nerve",
   "Longest nerve, from the lower back down each leg"
  ],
  [
   "Vagus nerve",
   "Long nerve controlling heart rate, digestion and more"
  ],
  [
   "Bone marrow",
   "Soft tissue inside bones that makes blood cells"
  ],
  [
   "Lymph nodes",
   "Filter lymph and house immune cells"
  ],
  [
   "Peritoneum",
   "Membrane lining the abdominal cavity"
  ],
  [
   "Pericardium",
   "Sac surrounding the heart"
  ],
  [
   "Pleura",
   "Membrane around the lungs"
  ],
  [
   "Mediastinum",
   "Space between the lungs holding the heart"
  ],
  [
   "Islets of Langerhans",
   "Clusters of pancreatic cells making insulin and glucagon"
  ],
  [
   "Glomerulus",
   "Tuft of capillaries in the kidney where blood is filtered"
  ],
  [
   "Alveolus",
   "Air sac where gas exchange happens"
  ],
  [
   "Villus",
   "Finger-like projection that absorbs nutrients in the small intestine"
  ],
  [
   "Hepatocyte",
   "Main cell of the liver"
  ]
 ]
}