#separator:tab #html:false #tags column:4 Brain Controls thought, senses, movement and body functions tp-anat-organs Spinal cord Carries messages between the brain and body tp-anat-organs Heart Muscular pump that circulates blood tp-anat-organs Lungs Take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide tp-anat-organs Liver Processes nutrients, makes bile, filters toxins tp-anat-organs Gallbladder Stores and concentrates bile tp-anat-organs Pancreas Makes digestive enzymes and insulin tp-anat-organs Stomach Mixes food with acid and enzymes tp-anat-organs Small intestine Absorbs most nutrients tp-anat-organs Large intestine Absorbs water; forms stool tp-anat-organs Appendix Small pouch on the large intestine, with no essential digestive role tp-anat-organs Esophagus Moves food from the throat to the stomach tp-anat-organs Kidneys Filter blood and make urine tp-anat-organs Urinary bladder Stores urine tp-anat-organs Spleen Filters old red blood cells and helps immune defense tp-anat-organs Thyroid Gland controlling metabolism tp-anat-organs Parathyroid glands Four small glands controlling blood calcium tp-anat-organs Adrenal glands Sit atop the kidneys; make stress hormones tp-anat-organs Pituitary gland Pea-sized gland releasing hormones that direct other glands tp-anat-organs Pineal gland Makes melatonin, which affects sleep tp-anat-organs Hypothalamus Links the nervous and endocrine systems; regulates temperature and hunger tp-anat-organs Thymus Immune organ where T cells mature tp-anat-organs Tonsils Lymph tissue at the throat that helps defend against germs tp-anat-organs Skin Largest organ; protects, regulates temperature, senses touch tp-anat-organs Eyes Detect light for vision tp-anat-organs Retina Light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye tp-anat-organs Lens Focuses light on the retina tp-anat-organs Cornea Clear front window of the eye tp-anat-organs Iris Colored part of the eye controlling pupil size tp-anat-organs Cochlea Spiral organ of the inner ear for hearing tp-anat-organs Eardrum Membrane that vibrates with sound tp-anat-organs Eustachian tube Connects the middle ear to the throat to equalize pressure tp-anat-organs Larynx Voice box tp-anat-organs Pharynx Throat; passage for air and food tp-anat-organs Trachea Windpipe leading to the lungs tp-anat-organs Bronchi Branches of the trachea into each lung tp-anat-organs Epiglottis Flap that covers the windpipe when swallowing tp-anat-organs Diaphragm Muscle that drives breathing tp-anat-organs Aorta Largest artery, carries blood from the heart to the body tp-anat-organs Vena cava Large veins returning blood to the heart tp-anat-organs Pulmonary artery Carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs tp-anat-organs Pulmonary vein Carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart tp-anat-organs Left ventricle Heart chamber that pumps blood to the body tp-anat-organs Right atrium Receives oxygen-poor blood from the body tp-anat-organs Mitral valve Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle tp-anat-organs Tricuspid valve Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle tp-anat-organs Pacemaker (sinoatrial node) Group of cells that starts each heartbeat tp-anat-organs Ovaries Produce eggs and hormones tp-anat-organs Fallopian tubes Carry eggs to the uterus tp-anat-organs Uterus Houses a developing fetus tp-anat-organs Testes Produce sperm and testosterone tp-anat-organs Prostate gland Produces fluid that nourishes sperm tp-anat-organs Mammary glands Produce milk tp-anat-organs Salivary glands Make saliva to start digestion tp-anat-organs Duodenum First section of the small intestine tp-anat-organs Jejunum Middle section of the small intestine tp-anat-organs Ileum Last section of the small intestine tp-anat-organs Cecum Pouch where the small and large intestines join tp-anat-organs Rectum Final section of the large intestine, storing stool tp-anat-organs Colon Main part of the large intestine tp-anat-organs Ureters Tubes from kidneys to bladder tp-anat-organs Urethra Tube that carries urine out of the body tp-anat-organs Meninges Three membranes protecting the brain and spinal cord tp-anat-organs Cerebrospinal fluid Fluid cushioning the brain and spinal cord tp-anat-organs Cerebral cortex Wrinkled outer layer of the brain for thought tp-anat-organs Medulla oblongata Brainstem region controlling breathing and heart rate tp-anat-organs Pons Brainstem region relaying signals and helping control breathing tp-anat-organs Thalamus Relays sensory signals to the cortex tp-anat-organs Basal ganglia Brain structures helping control movement tp-anat-organs Corpus callosum Connects the two brain hemispheres tp-anat-organs Optic nerve Carries visual signals from the eye to the brain tp-anat-organs Sciatic nerve Longest nerve, from the lower back down each leg tp-anat-organs Vagus nerve Long nerve controlling heart rate, digestion and more tp-anat-organs Bone marrow Soft tissue inside bones that makes blood cells tp-anat-organs Lymph nodes Filter lymph and house immune cells tp-anat-organs Peritoneum Membrane lining the abdominal cavity tp-anat-organs Pericardium Sac surrounding the heart tp-anat-organs Pleura Membrane around the lungs tp-anat-organs Mediastinum Space between the lungs holding the heart tp-anat-organs Islets of Langerhans Clusters of pancreatic cells making insulin and glucagon tp-anat-organs Glomerulus Tuft of capillaries in the kidney where blood is filtered tp-anat-organs Alveolus Air sac where gas exchange happens tp-anat-organs Villus Finger-like projection that absorbs nutrients in the small intestine tp-anat-organs Hepatocyte Main cell of the liver tp-anat-organs