{ "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/tp-ap-art-history", "id": "tp-ap-art-history", "title": "Art History Key Works and Terms", "category": "test-prep", "subject": "Art History", "levels": [ "9-12", "college" ], "description": "Famous artworks, movements and the vocabulary used to discuss them.", "tags": [ "ap", "art-history", "art" ], "frontLabel": "Work or term", "backLabel": "What to know", "cards": [ [ "Lascaux cave paintings", "Prehistoric animal paintings in France" ], [ "Stonehenge", "Prehistoric stone circle in England" ], [ "Great Sphinx of Giza", "Monumental Egyptian statue with a lion's body and human head" ], [ "Great Pyramid of Khufu", "Egyptian Old Kingdom tomb, built around 2550 BCE" ], [ "Palette of Narmer", "Early Egyptian carved palette showing unification of the land" ], [ "Bust of Nefertiti", "Painted limestone portrait from Amarna Egypt" ], [ "Ziggurat of Ur", "Stepped temple platform in Mesopotamia" ], [ "Code of Hammurabi stele", "Babylonian stone slab carved with laws" ], [ "Parthenon", "5th-century BCE Greek temple to Athena in Athens" ], [ "Doric order", "Simplest Greek column style, with a plain capital" ], [ "Ionic order", "Greek column with scroll-shaped capitals" ], [ "Corinthian order", "Greek column with leafy capitals" ], [ "Contrapposto", "A pose with weight on one leg, creating a natural stance" ], [ "Discobolus", "Roman copy of a Greek bronze of a discus thrower" ], [ "Venus de Milo", "Hellenistic marble statue of Aphrodite" ], [ "Pantheon", "Roman temple with a great dome and oculus" ], [ "Colosseum", "Roman amphitheater for public spectacles" ], [ "Arch of Titus", "Roman triumphal arch commemorating a victory" ], [ "Pompeii frescoes", "Wall paintings preserved by volcanic ash" ], [ "Hagia Sophia", "Sixth-century Byzantine church in Constantinople with a huge dome" ], [ "Mosaic", "Image made of small pieces of colored material" ], [ "Icon", "Sacred religious image used in Orthodox worship" ], [ "Romanesque", "Medieval style with round arches and thick walls" ], [ "Gothic architecture", "Style with pointed arches, ribbed vaults and flying buttresses" ], [ "Flying buttress", "External support that lets Gothic walls be tall and thin" ], [ "Chartres Cathedral", "Gothic cathedral famed for its stained glass" ], [ "Stained glass", "Colored glass pieces set in lead to make pictures" ], [ "Illuminated manuscript", "Handwritten book decorated with gold and color" ], [ "Book of Kells", "Irish illuminated gospel manuscript" ], [ "Giotto", "Early Renaissance painter who gave figures weight and space" ], [ "Linear perspective", "Technique using converging lines to show depth" ], [ "Brunelleschi's dome", "Dome of Florence Cathedral completed in the 1400s" ], [ "Donatello's David", "First freestanding nude bronze since antiquity" ], [ "Botticelli's Birth of Venus", "Early Renaissance painting of the goddess arriving on a shell" ], [ "Leonardo da Vinci", "Painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper" ], [ "Mona Lisa", "Famed portrait with soft sfumato shading" ], [ "Sfumato", "Soft blending of tones without hard outlines" ], [ "Michelangelo's David", "Marble statue of the biblical hero, finished 1504" ], [ "Sistine Chapel ceiling", "Michelangelo's fresco of scenes from Genesis" ], [ "Raphael's School of Athens", "Fresco of ancient philosophers in an ideal building" ], [ "Chiaroscuro", "Strong contrast of light and dark" ], [ "Fresco", "Painting on wet plaster" ], [ "Tempera", "Paint made with pigment and egg yolk" ], [ "Oil painting", "Painting with pigments in oil, allowing rich color and detail" ], [ "Albrecht Durer", "German printmaker and painter of the Northern Renaissance" ], [ "Jan van Eyck", "Flemish painter known for precise oil detail, like the Arnolfini Portrait" ], [ "Mannerism", "Late Renaissance style with elongated forms" ], [ "Baroque", "Dramatic, ornate 17th-century style" ], [ "Caravaggio", "Baroque painter famous for dramatic light" ], [ "Tenebrism", "Extreme use of dark and light, with deep shadows" ], [ "Bernini's David", "Baroque sculpture capturing action mid-motion" ], [ "Rembrandt", "Dutch master of portraits and light" ], [ "Vermeer", "Dutch painter of quiet interior scenes, such as Girl with a Pearl Earring" ], [ "Velazquez's Las Meninas", "Spanish court painting with layered viewpoints" ], [ "Palace of Versailles", "Ornate French royal palace" ], [ "Rococo", "Light, playful 18th-century style" ], [ "Neoclassicism", "Style reviving ancient Greek and Roman forms" ], [ "Jacques-Louis David", "French Neoclassical painter of The Death of Socrates" ], [ "Romanticism", "Style emphasizing emotion, nature and imagination" ], [ "Gericault's Raft of the Medusa", "Romantic painting of shipwreck survivors" ], [ "Goya", "Spanish painter and printmaker who depicted war and society" ], [ "Realism", "Art showing ordinary life as it is" ], [ "Courbet", "French Realist painter" ], [ "Impressionism", "Style capturing fleeting light with visible brushstrokes" ], [ "Claude Monet", "Impressionist painter of Water Lilies and Impression, Sunrise" ], [ "Renoir", "Impressionist known for scenes of social life" ], [ "Post-Impressionism", "Styles building on Impressionism with personal expression" ], [ "Vincent van Gogh", "Painted The Starry Night with swirling brushwork" ], [ "Paul Cezanne", "Post-Impressionist who built forms from geometry" ], [ "Georges Seurat", "Pointillist painter of A Sunday on La Grande Jatte" ], [ "Pointillism", "Painting with tiny dots of color" ], [ "Edvard Munch", "Norwegian painter of The Scream" ], [ "Art Nouveau", "Decorative style of flowing plant-like lines" ], [ "Fauvism", "Style using bold, wild color; Matisse led it" ], [ "Henri Matisse", "French artist of The Dance and cut-outs" ], [ "Cubism", "Style showing objects from several viewpoints at once" ], [ "Pablo Picasso", "Co-founder of Cubism; painted Guernica" ], [ "Futurism", "Italian movement celebrating speed and machines" ], [ "Dada", "Anti-art movement reacting to World War I" ], [ "Marcel Duchamp", "Dada artist who exhibited a ready-made urinal titled Fountain" ], [ "Surrealism", "Movement exploring dreams and the unconscious" ], [ "Salvador Dali", "Surrealist painter of The Persistence of Memory" ], [ "Rene Magritte", "Surrealist painter of The Treachery of Images" ], [ "Frida Kahlo", "Mexican painter known for symbolic self-portraits" ], [ "Abstract Expressionism", "Postwar American style of large, gestural abstraction" ], [ "Jackson Pollock", "Drip painter" ], [ "Mark Rothko", "Painter of floating fields of color" ], [ "Pop Art", "Style using imagery from popular culture" ], [ "Andy Warhol", "Pop artist known for Campbell's Soup Cans" ], [ "Minimalism", "Art reduced to simple geometric forms" ], [ "Installation art", "Art that transforms a space" ], [ "Performance art", "Art in which the artist's actions are the work" ], [ "Bauhaus", "German school combining art, craft and design" ], [ "Fallingwater", "Frank Lloyd Wright's house built over a waterfall" ], [ "Guggenheim Bilbao", "Frank Gehry's curving titanium-clad museum" ], [ "Ukiyo-e", "Japanese woodblock prints of the 'floating world'" ], [ "Hokusai's Great Wave", "Famous Japanese woodblock print of a towering wave" ], [ "Taj Mahal", "17th-century marble tomb in India built by Shah Jahan" ], [ "Angkor Wat", "Temple complex in Cambodia" ], [ "Great Mosque of Cordoba", "Spanish mosque known for its striped arches" ], [ "Ife heads", "Naturalistic brass and terracotta heads from West Africa" ], [ "Machu Picchu", "Inca mountain city in Peru" ], [ "Teotihuacan", "Ancient Mesoamerican city with huge pyramids" ] ] }