Lascaux cave paintings: Prehistoric animal paintings in France Stonehenge: Prehistoric stone circle in England Great Sphinx of Giza: Monumental Egyptian statue with a lion's body and human head Great Pyramid of Khufu: Egyptian Old Kingdom tomb, built around 2550 BCE Palette of Narmer: Early Egyptian carved palette showing unification of the land Bust of Nefertiti: Painted limestone portrait from Amarna Egypt Ziggurat of Ur: Stepped temple platform in Mesopotamia Code of Hammurabi stele: Babylonian stone slab carved with laws Parthenon: 5th-century BCE Greek temple to Athena in Athens Doric order: Simplest Greek column style, with a plain capital Ionic order: Greek column with scroll-shaped capitals Corinthian order: Greek column with leafy capitals Contrapposto: A pose with weight on one leg, creating a natural stance Discobolus: Roman copy of a Greek bronze of a discus thrower Venus de Milo: Hellenistic marble statue of Aphrodite Pantheon: Roman temple with a great dome and oculus Colosseum: Roman amphitheater for public spectacles Arch of Titus: Roman triumphal arch commemorating a victory Pompeii frescoes: Wall paintings preserved by volcanic ash Hagia Sophia: Sixth-century Byzantine church in Constantinople with a huge dome Mosaic: Image made of small pieces of colored material Icon: Sacred religious image used in Orthodox worship Romanesque: Medieval style with round arches and thick walls Gothic architecture: Style with pointed arches, ribbed vaults and flying buttresses Flying buttress: External support that lets Gothic walls be tall and thin Chartres Cathedral: Gothic cathedral famed for its stained glass Stained glass: Colored glass pieces set in lead to make pictures Illuminated manuscript: Handwritten book decorated with gold and color Book of Kells: Irish illuminated gospel manuscript Giotto: Early Renaissance painter who gave figures weight and space Linear perspective: Technique using converging lines to show depth Brunelleschi's dome: Dome of Florence Cathedral completed in the 1400s Donatello's David: First freestanding nude bronze since antiquity Botticelli's Birth of Venus: Early Renaissance painting of the goddess arriving on a shell Leonardo da Vinci: Painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper Mona Lisa: Famed portrait with soft sfumato shading Sfumato: Soft blending of tones without hard outlines Michelangelo's David: Marble statue of the biblical hero, finished 1504 Sistine Chapel ceiling: Michelangelo's fresco of scenes from Genesis Raphael's School of Athens: Fresco of ancient philosophers in an ideal building Chiaroscuro: Strong contrast of light and dark Fresco: Painting on wet plaster Tempera: Paint made with pigment and egg yolk Oil painting: Painting with pigments in oil, allowing rich color and detail Albrecht Durer: German printmaker and painter of the Northern Renaissance Jan van Eyck: Flemish painter known for precise oil detail, like the Arnolfini Portrait Mannerism: Late Renaissance style with elongated forms Baroque: Dramatic, ornate 17th-century style Caravaggio: Baroque painter famous for dramatic light Tenebrism: Extreme use of dark and light, with deep shadows Bernini's David: Baroque sculpture capturing action mid-motion Rembrandt: Dutch master of portraits and light Vermeer: Dutch painter of quiet interior scenes, such as Girl with a Pearl Earring Velazquez's Las Meninas: Spanish court painting with layered viewpoints Palace of Versailles: Ornate French royal palace Rococo: Light, playful 18th-century style Neoclassicism: Style reviving ancient Greek and Roman forms Jacques-Louis David: French Neoclassical painter of The Death of Socrates Romanticism: Style emphasizing emotion, nature and imagination Gericault's Raft of the Medusa: Romantic painting of shipwreck survivors Goya: Spanish painter and printmaker who depicted war and society Realism: Art showing ordinary life as it is Courbet: French Realist painter Impressionism: Style capturing fleeting light with visible brushstrokes Claude Monet: Impressionist painter of Water Lilies and Impression, Sunrise Renoir: Impressionist known for scenes of social life Post-Impressionism: Styles building on Impressionism with personal expression Vincent van Gogh: Painted The Starry Night with swirling brushwork Paul Cezanne: Post-Impressionist who built forms from geometry Georges Seurat: Pointillist painter of A Sunday on La Grande Jatte Pointillism: Painting with tiny dots of color Edvard Munch: Norwegian painter of The Scream Art Nouveau: Decorative style of flowing plant-like lines Fauvism: Style using bold, wild color; Matisse led it Henri Matisse: French artist of The Dance and cut-outs Cubism: Style showing objects from several viewpoints at once Pablo Picasso: Co-founder of Cubism; painted Guernica Futurism: Italian movement celebrating speed and machines Dada: Anti-art movement reacting to World War I Marcel Duchamp: Dada artist who exhibited a ready-made urinal titled Fountain Surrealism: Movement exploring dreams and the unconscious Salvador Dali: Surrealist painter of The Persistence of Memory Rene Magritte: Surrealist painter of The Treachery of Images Frida Kahlo: Mexican painter known for symbolic self-portraits Abstract Expressionism: Postwar American style of large, gestural abstraction Jackson Pollock: Drip painter Mark Rothko: Painter of floating fields of color Pop Art: Style using imagery from popular culture Andy Warhol: Pop artist known for Campbell's Soup Cans Minimalism: Art reduced to simple geometric forms Installation art: Art that transforms a space Performance art: Art in which the artist's actions are the work Bauhaus: German school combining art, craft and design Fallingwater: Frank Lloyd Wright's house built over a waterfall Guggenheim Bilbao: Frank Gehry's curving titanium-clad museum Ukiyo-e: Japanese woodblock prints of the 'floating world' Hokusai's Great Wave: Famous Japanese woodblock print of a towering wave Taj Mahal: 17th-century marble tomb in India built by Shah Jahan Angkor Wat: Temple complex in Cambodia Great Mosque of Cordoba: Spanish mosque known for its striped arches Ife heads: Naturalistic brass and terracotta heads from West Africa Machu Picchu: Inca mountain city in Peru Teotihuacan: Ancient Mesoamerican city with huge pyramids Free flashcards from Peabody at peabody.kids/flashcards/tp-ap-art-history