{ "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/tp-ap-world-history", "id": "tp-ap-world-history", "title": "AP World History Key Terms", "category": "test-prep", "subject": "AP World History", "levels": [ "9-12", "college" ], "description": "Empires, trade networks, revolutions and global change from 1200 to today.", "tags": [ "ap", "world-history" ], "frontLabel": "Term", "backLabel": "Significance", "cards": [ [ "Silk Roads", "Overland and sea trade routes linking Asia, Africa and Europe" ], [ "Dar al-Islam", "The Islamic world, a zone of shared religion and trade" ], [ "Abbasid Caliphate", "Islamic empire (750-1258) centered at Baghdad, known for learning" ], [ "House of Wisdom", "Baghdad center for translating and advancing knowledge" ], [ "Mongol Empire", "Largest land empire; linked Eurasia under Genghis Khan and successors" ], [ "Pax Mongolica", "Relative safety for trade across Mongol lands" ], [ "Bubonic plague", "Black Death spread along trade routes in the 1300s" ], [ "Song dynasty", "Chinese dynasty with advances in printing, gunpowder and paper money" ], [ "Neo-Confucianism", "Revival of Confucian thought blended with Buddhist and Daoist ideas" ], [ "Ming dynasty", "Chinese dynasty (1368-1644) that sent Zheng He's voyages" ], [ "Zheng He", "Ming admiral who led large treasure fleets across the Indian Ocean" ], [ "Tang dynasty", "Chinese dynasty known for prosperity and Buddhism" ], [ "Grand Canal", "Waterway linking northern and southern China" ], [ "Feudalism", "System of land held in exchange for loyalty and service" ], [ "Manorialism", "Medieval economic system built on self-sufficient estates" ], [ "Byzantine Empire", "Eastern Roman Empire centered on Constantinople" ], [ "Crusades", "Religious wars between European Christians and Muslims over the Holy Land" ], [ "Renaissance", "European revival of classical learning and art from the 1300s" ], [ "Printing press", "Mid-1400s invention that spread ideas faster" ], [ "Protestant Reformation", "1500s movement challenging Catholic authority" ], [ "Martin Luther", "German monk whose Ninety-five Theses began the Reformation" ], [ "Mali Empire", "West African empire rich from gold and salt trade" ], [ "Mansa Musa", "Mali emperor famed for his pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324" ], [ "Timbuktu", "Trading and learning center in West Africa" ], [ "Swahili Coast", "East African trading cities linking Africa to the Indian Ocean" ], [ "Great Zimbabwe", "Southern African stone city and trading center" ], [ "Aztec Empire", "Mesoamerican empire centered at Tenochtitlan" ], [ "Inca Empire", "Andean empire known for roads and terrace farming" ], [ "Mit'a system", "Inca labor obligation to the state" ], [ "Ottoman Empire", "Islamic empire that took Constantinople in 1453" ], [ "Safavid Empire", "Persian empire that made Shia Islam its state religion" ], [ "Mughal Empire", "Muslim-ruled empire in South Asia from 1526" ], [ "Akbar", "Mughal ruler noted for religious tolerance" ], [ "Tokugawa shogunate", "Japanese military rule (1603-1868) with limited foreign contact" ], [ "Atlantic slave trade", "Forced transport of millions of Africans to the Americas" ], [ "Triangular trade", "Trade linking Europe, Africa and the Americas" ], [ "Joint-stock company", "Business owned by investors who share risk, like the Dutch East India Company" ], [ "Mercantilism", "Policy of building national wealth through exports and colonies" ], [ "Scientific Revolution", "16th-17th century shift to evidence-based study of nature" ], [ "Enlightenment", "18th-century movement stressing reason and individual rights" ], [ "Absolutism", "A monarch holds total authority" ], [ "Louis XIV", "French king who embodied absolutism" ], [ "Peter the Great", "Russian tsar who Westernized his country" ], [ "American Revolution", "Colonial independence movement of 1775-1783" ], [ "French Revolution", "1789 upheaval that ended the old order in France" ], [ "Haitian Revolution", "Successful enslaved people's revolt that created Haiti in 1804" ], [ "Simon Bolivar", "Leader of independence movements in northern South America" ], [ "Napoleon Bonaparte", "French emperor who spread revolutionary ideas by conquest" ], [ "Nationalism", "Loyalty to one's nation and its self-rule" ], [ "Industrial Revolution", "Shift to machine and factory production beginning in Britain" ], [ "Capitalism", "Economic system of private ownership and markets" ], [ "Socialism", "System favoring shared or state ownership of production" ], [ "Karl Marx", "Thinker who wrote The Communist Manifesto, criticizing capitalism" ], [ "Urbanization", "Growth of cities" ], [ "Imperialism", "Building empires by conquering or dominating other lands" ], [ "Berlin Conference (1884-85)", "Meeting where European powers set rules for dividing Africa" ], [ "Opium Wars", "19th-century conflicts forcing China to open to trade" ], [ "Taiping Rebellion", "Massive 1850-64 uprising against Qing rule" ], [ "Meiji Restoration", "1868 modernization of Japan under the emperor" ], [ "Sepoy Rebellion (1857)", "Uprising against British East India Company rule in India" ], [ "Suez Canal", "1869 waterway linking the Mediterranean and Red Seas" ], [ "Abolition", "Ending slavery; widespread across empires in the 1800s" ], [ "Boxer Rebellion", "Chinese uprising against foreign influence around 1900" ], [ "World War I", "1914-18 global conflict that ended four empires" ], [ "Russian Revolution (1917)", "Overthrow of the tsar, leading to Soviet rule" ], [ "Great Depression", "1930s worldwide economic collapse" ], [ "Fascism", "Authoritarian ultranationalist political movement" ], [ "World War II", "1939-45 global war" ], [ "Holocaust", "Nazi genocide of six million Jews and others" ], [ "United Nations", "International body founded 1945" ], [ "Cold War", "Rivalry between the US and USSR after 1945" ], [ "Chinese Revolution (1949)", "Communist victory led by Mao Zedong" ], [ "Decolonization", "Colonies gaining independence after 1945" ], [ "Indian independence (1947)", "End of British rule and partition into India and Pakistan" ], [ "Mahatma Gandhi", "Leader of nonviolent resistance in India" ], [ "Non-Aligned Movement", "Nations avoiding alliance with either Cold War bloc" ], [ "Green Revolution", "Mid-20th century agricultural advances raising crop yields" ], [ "Apartheid", "South Africa's system of legal racial segregation" ], [ "Nelson Mandela", "Anti-apartheid leader who became South Africa's president in 1994" ], [ "Globalization", "Growing worldwide connection of economies and cultures" ], [ "Migration", "Movement of people across regions, a major theme in world history" ], [ "Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)", "Spain-Portugal agreement dividing newly found lands" ], [ "Columbian Exchange", "Trade of crops, animals and diseases across the Atlantic" ], [ "Hajj", "Pilgrimage to Mecca" ], [ "Sufism", "Mystical tradition in Islam that helped spread the faith" ], [ "Bhakti movement", "Devotional Hindu movement stressing personal love of god" ], [ "Caravel", "Light, maneuverable ship used by Portuguese explorers" ], [ "Gunpowder empires", "Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal states that used cannons" ], [ "Devshirme", "Ottoman practice of recruiting boys for the army and government" ], [ "Millet system", "Ottoman system giving religious communities self-government" ], [ "Qing dynasty", "Last Chinese imperial dynasty (1644-1912)" ], [ "Sati and reform", "Reformers in 19th-century India campaigned against the custom of widow burning" ], [ "Tanzimat", "Ottoman reforms of the 1800s to modernize the state" ], [ "Zionism", "Movement for a Jewish homeland, emerging in the late 1800s" ], [ "Pan-Africanism", "Movement for unity among people of African descent" ], [ "Genocide", "Deliberate destruction of a national or ethnic group" ], [ "Non-state actors", "Groups like corporations or movements that act across borders without being governments" ], [ "European Union", "Economic and political union of European countries" ], [ "OPEC", "Organization of oil-exporting countries formed 1960" ] ] }