{
 "source": "https://peabody.kids/flashcards/tp-aviation-terms",
 "id": "tp-aviation-terms",
 "title": "Aviation Terms",
 "category": "test-prep",
 "subject": "Aviation",
 "levels": [
  "6-8",
  "9-12",
  "adult"
 ],
 "description": "Parts of an airplane, forces of flight, instruments and radio words.",
 "tags": [
  "aviation",
  "flight",
  "pilot"
 ],
 "frontLabel": "Term",
 "backLabel": "Meaning",
 "cards": [
  [
   "Lift",
   "Upward force from air moving over the wings"
  ],
  [
   "Weight",
   "Downward force from gravity"
  ],
  [
   "Thrust",
   "Forward force from the engine or propeller"
  ],
  [
   "Drag",
   "Backward force from air resistance"
  ],
  [
   "Four forces of flight",
   "Lift, weight, thrust and drag"
  ],
  [
   "Bernoulli's principle",
   "Faster air has lower pressure, contributing to lift"
  ],
  [
   "Angle of attack",
   "Angle between the wing and the oncoming air"
  ],
  [
   "Stall",
   "Wing loses lift when the angle of attack is too high"
  ],
  [
   "Airfoil",
   "Shape of a wing designed to produce lift"
  ],
  [
   "Fuselage",
   "Main body of the airplane"
  ],
  [
   "Wing",
   "Surface that produces lift"
  ],
  [
   "Empennage",
   "The tail section"
  ],
  [
   "Vertical stabilizer",
   "Fin that keeps the airplane straight"
  ],
  [
   "Horizontal stabilizer",
   "Tail surface that keeps the nose from pitching"
  ],
  [
   "Rudder",
   "Control surface that yaws the nose left or right"
  ],
  [
   "Elevator",
   "Control surface that pitches the nose up or down"
  ],
  [
   "Aileron",
   "Control surface on the wings that rolls the airplane"
  ],
  [
   "Flaps",
   "Wing surfaces that increase lift and drag for slow flight"
  ],
  [
   "Slats",
   "Leading-edge devices that help lift at low speeds"
  ],
  [
   "Spoiler",
   "Surface that disrupts lift and slows the aircraft"
  ],
  [
   "Trim tab",
   "Small surface that reduces control pressure"
  ],
  [
   "Landing gear",
   "Wheels and supports for takeoff and landing"
  ],
  [
   "Tricycle gear",
   "Landing gear with a nose wheel and two main wheels"
  ],
  [
   "Propeller",
   "Rotating blades that pull the aircraft through the air"
  ],
  [
   "Turbine engine",
   "Engine using compressed air and burning fuel to create thrust"
  ],
  [
   "Jet engine",
   "Engine producing thrust by expelling exhaust"
  ],
  [
   "Cockpit",
   "Area where the pilots sit"
  ],
  [
   "Yoke",
   "Control wheel used to steer the airplane"
  ],
  [
   "Control stick",
   "Control lever that serves the same role as a yoke"
  ],
  [
   "Rudder pedals",
   "Foot controls for the rudder"
  ],
  [
   "Throttle",
   "Control for engine power"
  ],
  [
   "Pitch",
   "Nose up or nose down movement"
  ],
  [
   "Roll",
   "Tilting the wings side to side"
  ],
  [
   "Yaw",
   "Nose moving left or right"
  ],
  [
   "Altitude",
   "Height above sea level or ground"
  ],
  [
   "Altimeter",
   "Instrument showing altitude"
  ],
  [
   "Airspeed indicator",
   "Instrument showing speed through the air"
  ],
  [
   "Attitude indicator",
   "Instrument showing the aircraft's orientation relative to the horizon"
  ],
  [
   "Heading indicator",
   "Instrument showing the direction the aircraft points"
  ],
  [
   "Vertical speed indicator",
   "Shows climb or descent rate"
  ],
  [
   "Turn coordinator",
   "Instrument showing rate of turn and coordination"
  ],
  [
   "Compass",
   "Magnetic direction instrument"
  ],
  [
   "Six-pack",
   "The classic six flight instruments"
  ],
  [
   "Transponder",
   "Device that identifies the aircraft to radar"
  ],
  [
   "GPS",
   "Satellite navigation system"
  ],
  [
   "Autopilot",
   "System that flies the aircraft automatically"
  ],
  [
   "VFR",
   "Visual flight rules"
  ],
  [
   "IFR",
   "Instrument flight rules"
  ],
  [
   "Visibility",
   "How far a pilot can see"
  ],
  [
   "Ceiling",
   "Height of the lowest broken or overcast cloud layer"
  ],
  [
   "Turbulence",
   "Irregular air movement causing bumps"
  ],
  [
   "Crosswind",
   "Wind blowing across the runway"
  ],
  [
   "Headwind",
   "Wind blowing against the direction of flight"
  ],
  [
   "Tailwind",
   "Wind blowing from behind"
  ],
  [
   "Windsock",
   "Cone showing wind direction and strength"
  ],
  [
   "Density altitude",
   "Altitude adjusted for temperature and pressure; affects performance"
  ],
  [
   "Runway",
   "Strip for takeoff and landing"
  ],
  [
   "Taxiway",
   "Path for aircraft moving between runways and parking"
  ],
  [
   "Apron (ramp)",
   "Parking area for aircraft"
  ],
  [
   "Hangar",
   "Building for storing aircraft"
  ],
  [
   "Control tower",
   "Facility directing aircraft at an airport"
  ],
  [
   "ATC",
   "Air traffic control"
  ],
  [
   "Takeoff",
   "Leaving the ground"
  ],
  [
   "Climb",
   "Gaining altitude"
  ],
  [
   "Cruise",
   "Level flight at a steady altitude"
  ],
  [
   "Descent",
   "Losing altitude"
  ],
  [
   "Approach",
   "Flight path toward a runway"
  ],
  [
   "Landing",
   "Returning the aircraft to the ground"
  ],
  [
   "Go-around",
   "Aborting a landing to try again"
  ],
  [
   "Rotate",
   "Raise the nose at takeoff speed"
  ],
  [
   "Flare",
   "Raising the nose just before touchdown"
  ],
  [
   "Touch-and-go",
   "Landing and taking off again without stopping"
  ],
  [
   "Traffic pattern",
   "Standard path flown around an airport"
  ],
  [
   "Preflight inspection",
   "Checking the aircraft before flying"
  ],
  [
   "Checklist",
   "List of required steps to follow"
  ],
  [
   "Flight plan",
   "Details of a planned flight filed with authorities"
  ],
  [
   "NOTAM",
   "Notice to air missions about hazards or changes"
  ],
  [
   "METAR",
   "Coded weather report for an airport"
  ],
  [
   "Phonetic alphabet",
   "Alpha, Bravo, Charlie... used to spell on the radio"
  ],
  [
   "Mayday",
   "Radio call for a life-threatening emergency"
  ],
  [
   "Pan-pan",
   "Radio call for urgent but not immediately life-threatening trouble"
  ],
  [
   "Roger",
   "Message received"
  ],
  [
   "Wilco",
   "Will comply"
  ],
  [
   "Squawk",
   "Setting a transponder code"
  ],
  [
   "Knot",
   "One nautical mile per hour"
  ],
  [
   "Nautical mile",
   "About 1.15 statute miles"
  ],
  [
   "Mach",
   "Speed relative to the speed of sound"
  ],
  [
   "Pilot certificate",
   "License authorizing someone to fly"
  ],
  [
   "Private pilot",
   "Certificate for flying for personal purposes"
  ],
  [
   "Commercial pilot",
   "Certificate allowing flying for pay"
  ],
  [
   "Co-pilot (first officer)",
   "Second pilot in command structure"
  ],
  [
   "Captain",
   "Pilot in command of a large aircraft"
  ],
  [
   "Flight attendant",
   "Crew member responsible for passenger safety"
  ],
  [
   "Black box",
   "Flight recorders storing data and cockpit audio; actually bright orange"
  ],
  [
   "FAA",
   "Federal Aviation Administration"
  ],
  [
   "Glider",
   "Aircraft without an engine that soars on rising air"
  ],
  [
   "Helicopter",
   "Aircraft lifted by rotating blades"
  ],
  [
   "Rotor",
   "Spinning blade assembly on a helicopter"
  ],
  [
   "Drone (UAS)",
   "Unmanned aircraft system"
  ]
 ]
}